id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
1887,99,Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used as a 'warming stimulant and tonic.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
1888,99,Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Used as a 'warming stimulant and tonic.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
1889,99,Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed and held in mouth for toothache.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
4103,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Sweetened decoction of root given to children for 'gripes, colic, etc.'","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4104,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Berries and root used as an expectorant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4105,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of root used to steam sore eyes.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4106,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Sweetened decoction of root given to children for 'gripes, colic, etc.'","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4107,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Berries and root used for many children's complaints.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4108,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Sweetened decoction of root given to children for 'gripes, colic, etc.'","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4109,319,Aralia racemosa L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Berries and root used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
4177,321,Aralia spinosa L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,44,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of mashed, boiled roots applied to boils.","Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 44"
4178,321,Aralia spinosa L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,44,2,Drug,138,Poultice,Poultice of beaten roots applied to swollen leg veins.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 44"
4857,368,Arisaema triphyllum ssp. quinatum (Buckl.) Huttleston,39,Choctaw,115,t40,6,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of plant taken to make blood.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 6"
4858,368,Arisaema triphyllum ssp. quinatum (Buckl.) Huttleston,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of root taken 'to make blood.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
4891,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,20,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cold infusion of roots taken for stomach pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
4892,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomach pain.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
4893,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,20,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Cold infusion of roots taken for stomach pains.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
4894,374,Aristolochia serpentaria L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root taken for stomach pains.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
5922,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used in basketry.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 13"
5923,417,Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,18,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used to make blowguns and darts.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 18"
5933,418,Arundinaria gigantea ssp. tecta (Walt.) McClure,39,Choctaw,115,t40,6,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for breast pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 6"
6362,448,Asclepias verticillata L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Root used as a sudorific.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
6363,448,Asclepias verticillata L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root chewed, saliva swallowed and strong decoction taken for snakebite.","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
6364,448,Asclepias verticillata L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
6966,552,Baptisia alba var. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely,39,Choctaw,115,t40,31,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots and leaves applied to swellings.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
7046,569,Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch,39,Choctaw,115,t40,40,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Plant used for the blood.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
7361,591,Bignonia capreolata L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,57,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of mashed bark used as a steambath for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
7670,665,Callicarpa americana L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,52,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots taken for dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 52"
7671,665,Callicarpa americana L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots and berries taken for colic.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
7672,665,Callicarpa americana L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,52,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots and berries taken for colic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 52"
7673,665,Callicarpa americana L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,52,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of roots taken during attacks of dizziness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 52"
8280,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,8,1,Food,56,Soup,"Pounded nut meat boiled, made into a paste and eaten as a broth or soup.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8"
8281,762,Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves 'scattered about to drive away fleas.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
8677,817,Ceanothus sp.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,40,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of roots taken for lung hemorrhages.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
8678,817,Ceanothus sp.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of roots taken in small doses for lung hemorrhage.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
8679,817,Ceanothus sp.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,40,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of roots taken for lung hemorrhages.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
8680,817,Ceanothus sp.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of roots taken in small doses for 'hemorrhage from the lungs.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
8826,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Strong decoction of tree bark taken as a favorite medicine for dysentery.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
8827,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,58,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of bark used as a bath for sore eyes.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
8828,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of bark used as wash for sore eyes.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
8829,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Root bark and bark used as a febrifuge.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
8830,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Root bark and bark used as a tonic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
8831,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothache.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
8832,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,58,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
9689,918,Chionanthus virginicus L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as wash or poultice as dressing for cuts or bruises.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
9690,918,Chionanthus virginicus L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of roots or bark used as a wash for infected sores and wounds.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
9691,918,Chionanthus virginicus L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of beaten bark applied to cuts and bruises.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
9692,918,Chionanthus virginicus L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,50,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of roots used as a wash for infected sores.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
12859,1351,Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Root chewed, saliva swallowed and tincture of root used for cough.","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
12860,1351,Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Root chewed, saliva swallowed and tincture of root used for dyspepsia.","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
14234,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,122,Antidote,"Root used as an 'anti-poison', especially good for snake bite.","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14235,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Root used as a powerful diuretic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14236,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Root used as a powerful expectorant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14237,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Root used as an 'anti-poison', especially good for snake bite.","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14238,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a powerful stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14239,1550,Eryngium aquaticum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Plant used for gonorrhea.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
14323,1558,Erythrina herbacea L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of leaves taken as a general tonic.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
15482,1683,Galium asprellum Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Whole plant used as a diaphoretic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15483,1683,Galium asprellum Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Whole plant used as a diuretic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15484,1683,Galium asprellum Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Whole plant used for measles.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15485,1684,Galium boreale L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of whole plant used as a 'deobstruent.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15486,1684,Galium boreale L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Decoction of whole plant used to prevent pregnancy.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15487,1684,Galium boreale L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Whole plant used as a diaphoretic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15488,1684,Galium boreale L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Whole plant used as a diuretic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15537,1692,Galium uniflorum Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Whole plant used as an astringent.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15538,1692,Galium uniflorum Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Whole plant used as an diaphoretic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15539,1692,Galium uniflorum Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Whole plant used as an diuretic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15816,1727,Geranium maculatum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as powerful astringent.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
15817,1727,Geranium maculatum L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Root used for 'the venereal.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
17031,1865,Heuchera americana L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,286287,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as a powerful astringent.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 286287"
17032,1865,Heuchera americana L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,286287,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Root used as a tonic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 286287"
17624,1959,Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for colic.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
17625,1959,Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves used as wash for sore eyes.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
17652,1964,Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides,39,Choctaw,115,t40,42,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
17653,1964,Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides,39,Choctaw,115,t40,42,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for colic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
17718,1977,Ilex opaca Ait.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,37,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves used as drops for sore eyes.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
20458,2210,Liquidambar styraciflua L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Compound decoction of root used as a dressing for cuts and wounds.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
20459,2210,Liquidambar styraciflua L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,26,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a poultice for cuts and bruises.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 26"
21805,2367,Magnolia grandiflora L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as wash for prickly heat itching.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
21806,2367,Magnolia grandiflora L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a bath for prickly heat.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
21807,2367,Magnolia grandiflora L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,23,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of mashed bark used as a steambath for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
22349,2401,Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Root used for 'dysentery, diarrhea, inflammation of the bowels, burns, etc.'","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
22350,2401,Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Root used for 'dysentery, diarrhea, inflammation of the bowels, burns, etc.'","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
22351,2401,Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Root used for 'dysentery, diarrhea, inflammation of the bowels, burns, etc.'","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
23212,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,54,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant rubbed on child's chest for pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
23213,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,54,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of leaves taken as a cathartic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
23214,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,54,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant rubbed on child's chest for pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
23435,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves and stems taken 'during attacks of fever.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
23436,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,39,Choctaw,115,t40,13,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
23437,2525,Morella cerifera (L.) Small,39,Choctaw,115,t40,13,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of roots used as a gargle for inflamed tonsils.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
24179,2602,Nyssa aquatica L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,5,Dye,136,Red,Burned bark and red oak ash added to water and used as a red dye.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
24200,2605,Obolaria virginica L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,51,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root used as bath or poultice of root applied to cuts and bruises.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 51"
24201,2605,Obolaria virginica L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Simple or compound decoction of root used as a wash or dressing for cuts and bruises.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
27520,2958,Pinus echinata P. Mill.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,5,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Cold infusion of buds taken for worms.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 5"
28293,2979,Pinus virginiana P. Mill.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Infusion of buds taken for worms.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
28333,2989,Pityopsis graminifolia var. graminifolia,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Burned plant ashes used for mouth sores.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
28334,2989,Pityopsis graminifolia var. graminifolia,39,Choctaw,115,t40,60,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Plant ashes used as powder for mouth sores.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"
28627,3024,Pluchea foetida (L.) DC.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves taken 'during attacks of fever.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
28628,3024,Pluchea foetida (L.) DC.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,63,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves taken for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 63"
28754,3042,Polygala lutea L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,35,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of dried blossoms applied to swellings.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 35"
28755,3042,Polygala lutea L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of dried blossoms mixed with water applied to swellings.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
28894,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,286,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Strong infusion of whole plant taken freely to prevent abortion.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 286"
29395,3099,Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves and bark steam used for wounds.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
29396,3099,Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,"Steam from decoction of stems, bark and leaves used for snake bites.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
29397,3099,Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides,39,Choctaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Decoction of stems, bark and leaves used as a steambath for snakebites.","Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
29398,3099,Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Steam from decoction of stems, bark and leaves used for snake bites.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
29875,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots and plant tops used as an anodyne.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
29876,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of roots and plant tops used as a stimulating diuretice.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
29877,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a 'secernant' (which induces secretion).,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
29878,3139,Prenanthes aspera Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,288,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used as a stimulant.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
31103,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,115,t40,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for lung pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31104,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for lung pain.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
31105,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,115,t40,61,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for colds.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31106,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for colds.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
31107,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,115,t40,61,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for lung pain.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31108,3194,Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for lung pain.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
31725,3232,Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & Gray,39,Choctaw,115,t40,54,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves taken to cause sweating for colds.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
31726,3232,Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & Gray,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Hot decoction of leaves taken as diaphoretic for colds.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
31727,3232,Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & Gray,39,Choctaw,115,t40,54,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Decoction of leaves taken to cause sweating for colds.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54"
31728,3232,Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & Gray,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Hot decoction of leaves taken as diaphoretic for colds.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
31746,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,55,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed leaves taken and used as a wash for headaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
31747,3235,Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,55,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of mashed leaves blown on sickly patient.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
32242,3271,Quercus laurifolia Michx.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,3,Other,26,Paint,"Bark, red oak and live oak boiled and used for paint.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
32303,3274,Quercus marilandica Muenchh.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of tree bark coal taken to remove the afterbirth and ease cramps.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
32304,3274,Quercus marilandica Muenchh.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,17,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of tree bark coal taken to aid in childbirth.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
32305,3274,Quercus marilandica Muenchh.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,17,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of tree bark coal taken to remove the afterbirth and ease cramps.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
32309,3276,Quercus nigra L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,8,1,Food,75,Staple,Pounded acorns boiled and made into a meal.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8"
32310,3276,Quercus nigra L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,8,1,Food,75,Staple,Pounded acorns used as cornmeal.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8"
32512,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,18,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for stomachaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
32519,3291,Quercus texana Buckl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,5,Dye,136,Red,Burned bark and black gum ash added to water and used as a red dye.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
32520,3291,Quercus texana Buckl.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,3,Other,26,Paint,"Bark, post oak and live oak boiled and used for paint.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
32558,3294,Quercus virginiana P. Mill.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,3,Other,26,Paint,"Bark, red oak and post oak boiled and used for paint.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
34922,3469,Rubus sp.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,29,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots taken for dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
34923,3469,Rubus sp.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,29,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of roots taken as a tonic to improve circulation.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
35250,3485,Rumex crispus L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,14,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Pounded, dry roots boiled and used as a yellow dye.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14"
35519,3497,Rumex verticillatus L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of leaves used in bath to prevent smallpox.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
35520,3497,Rumex verticillatus L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,21,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of leaves used as a bath to prevent smallpox.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
36498,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,39,Choctaw,115,t40,59,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of beaten leaves applied to swollen hands.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 59"
36499,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,39,Choctaw,115,t40,59,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root taken for dyspepsia.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 59"
36500,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,39,Choctaw,115,t40,59,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of root taken for bladder troubles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 59"
36664,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,39,Choctaw,115,t40,58,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of seeds and roots taken for liver troubles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
37232,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,39,Choctaw,115,t40,24,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of roots taken to thin the blood.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 24"
37233,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,39,Choctaw,115,t40,24,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for measles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 24"
37234,3589,Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,8,1,Food,86,Spice,"Pounded, dry leaves added to soup for flavor.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8"
37316,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of boiled, mashed roots applied to wounds.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
37747,3655,Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,13,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 13"
38166,3707,Smilax bona-nox L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,8,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of stems taken as a general tonic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8"
38167,3707,Smilax bona-nox L.,39,Choctaw,49,speck41,58,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread.","Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58"
38209,3711,Smilax laurifolia L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,8,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Pounded roots made into cakes and fried in grease.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8"
38210,3711,Smilax laurifolia L.,39,Choctaw,49,speck41,58,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread.","Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58"
38240,3715,Smilax tamnoides L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of stems taken as a general tonic.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
38994,3841,Strophostyles helvula (L.) Ell.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,8,1,Food,,,"Boiled, mashed roots used for food.","Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8"
39260,3881,Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'H‚r.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,50,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of scraped roots taken for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
39432,3900,Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,15,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make cordage.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 15"
39608,3908,Tephrosia florida (F.G. Dietr.) C.E. Wood,39,Choctaw,115,t40,33,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of beaten roots applied to sores.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
39610,3909,Tephrosia hispidula (Michx.) Pers.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Root chewed and juice swallowed, too much would loosen the bowels, for bad coughs.","Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
41430,4051,Ulmus americana L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,18,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark taken for menstrual cramps.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
41431,4051,Ulmus americana L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,18,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of inner bark taken for menstrual cramps.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
42916,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,64,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Cold infusion of pounded roots taken for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 64"
42917,4118,Verbesina virginica L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,23,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of root taken 'during attacks of fever.',"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23"
43351,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Used as a 'refrigerant.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
43352,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,'Water of the grape vine' taken and used as a wash to induce lactation.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
43353,4169,Vitis aestivalis Michx.,39,Choctaw,138,c51,287,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Used as a tonic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
43749,4223,Yucca aloifolia L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,24,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Boiled mashed root with grease or tallow used as salve for various purposes.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
43750,4223,Yucca aloifolia L.,39,Choctaw,115,t40,9,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used as a salve for various purposes.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 9"
44372,4244,Zea mays L.,39,Choctaw,118,bd09,9-Aug,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Seeds parched and mixed with water or boiled with or without meat.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 9-Aug"