id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
464,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit used to play with.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1006,41,Achillea millefolium var. californica (Pollard) Jepson,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Used to wash or steam aching, sore eyes.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1538,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the designs in baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
2595,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,16,5,Dye,,,Bark used to dye fibers.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2596,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
3949,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,1,Food,,,Sweet nectaries inside the sepal spurs bitten off and savored mostly by the younger people.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4241,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4242,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4691,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4705,331,Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida],289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4909,376,Armillaria ponderosa (PK.) Sacc.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5102,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Infusion of fresh leaves taken by children for 'pin worms.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5103,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh leaves used as a liniment.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5104,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of fresh leaves used for arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5105,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Fresh leaves used as a steamed herb for fractures.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5106,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of fresh leaves taken by children for 'pin worms.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
6067,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaves used to keep a newborn baby's navel from becoming infected. A large snail's body was taken from the shell, smashed and put inside a leaf.  The preparation was steamed and then held over the umbilical cord with twine.  The umbilical cord would fall off and the hole would heal.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"
6068,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,19,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Leaves used to keep a newborn baby's navel from becoming infected. A large snail's body was taken from the shell, smashed and put inside a leaf.  The preparation was steamed and then held over the umbilical cord with twine.  The umbilical cord would fall off and the hole would heal.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"
6084,426,Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson,289,Yurok,70,b81,19,1,Food,85,Candy,Dried latex chewed by the older people at their leisure.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"
7382,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
7401,603,Boschniakia strobilacea Gray,289,Yurok,70,b81,20,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
7571,630,Brodiaea elegans Hoover,289,Yurok,70,b81,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs baked in sand with a fire built over them.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
7998,728,Cardamine californica var. californica,289,Yurok,70,b81,27,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,First plant to flower in the spring.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
9072,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruits used by children to throw at each other.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9687,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for various aches and pains and to relax the muscles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9688,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Leaves used for kidney ailments.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9772,928,Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla,289,Yurok,70,b81,24,1,Food,,,'Nuts' used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
10152,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Shoot used to play a game. The stem was stripped of it's outer layers leaving only the terminal leaf or inflorescence hanging loosely on a flexible strand.  Opponents held firmly to the base of the strand and attempted to hook the opponents leaf or inflorescence.  After engaging, the opponents pulled and the opponent who retained his leaf or inflorescence won.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
10173,1007,Claytonia sibirica L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,1,Food,,,Shoot tops eaten raw.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
10390,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,289,Yurok,70,b81,54,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for the blood.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 54"
11300,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11301,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
12041,1232,Darlingtonia californica Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,27,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant ate insects.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12685,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,289,Yurok,70,b81,28,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
12686,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,289,Yurok,70,b81,28,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
12687,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,289,Yurok,70,b81,28,3,Other,167,Designs,Spores used to make designs on hands.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
13541,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,289,Yurok,70,b81,29,1,Food,,,"Very small, fresh sprouts used for food.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
13911,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,30,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for colds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
13912,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,30,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for coughs.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
14855,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
14956,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
15143,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,289,Yurok,70,b81,50,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of bark or bark chewed as a laxative.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
15704,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
16961,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,32,1,Food,,,Stem inner layers eaten raw.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
16996,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,289,Yurok,70,b81,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten by children.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
18369,2042,Juncus effusus L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18569,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,289,Yurok,70,b81,34,3,Other,38,Decorations,Dried berries used to decorate dresses.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19757,2124,Ledum glandulosum Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves simmered to make a most prized tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19989,2153,Letharia vulpina,289,Yurok,70,b81,34,5,Dye,,,Used as a dye for porcupine quills.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
20541,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Acorn mush taken by old people on their death bed to survive the day.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20542,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Acorns used to make dough.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20543,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,1,Food,56,Soup,Acorns used to make soup.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20544,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,1,Food,75,Staple,Acorns considered the main staple.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20545,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,1,Food,75,Staple,Acorns leached and ground into flour.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20746,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,289,Yurok,70,b81,37,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Thrown into the fire at ceremonies.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
21693,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21694,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Roots used in a steam for stroke.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21695,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,1,Food,,,Root centers eaten after boiling eight times.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21696,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21697,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21879,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
22408,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young shoots and Polypodium rhizomes used to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
22409,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit tossed by children at one another in play.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
22410,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit used by children to construct representations of animals by inserting twigs.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
25164,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,42,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with dried fish.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
25956,2825,Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis,289,Yurok,70,b81,45,3,Other,167,Designs,Spores used by children to make a design on their hands.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
27277,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,43,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make the horizontal weave in coarse baskets used for drying foods in the smoke house.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
28368,2997,Plantago australis ssp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn,289,Yurok,70,b81,45,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of steamed leaves applied to boils.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
28480,3001,Plantago major L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of steamed leaves applied to boils.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
28978,3075,Polypodium californicum Kaulfuss,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Rhizomes used as an 'antibiotic' for infections.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
29153,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
29352,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,289,Yurok,70,b81,47,2,Drug,,,Decoction of shoot tips used for medicine.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
29353,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,289,Yurok,70,b81,47,3,Other,17,Tools,Pitch used to apply soot in the tattooing process.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
29715,3110,Porphyra lanceolata (Setchell) G. M. Smith,289,Yurok,70,b81,47,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
30972,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31229,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young sprouts used to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31230,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,1,Food,85,Candy,Young sprouts used to chew.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31547,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used in layers to dry food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31548,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Fronds used as plates to serve fish, to put over fish to keep the flies off and to clean fish.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
32241,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,289,Yurok,70,b81,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
33693,3391,Ribes roezlii Regel,289,Yurok,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
34141,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,2,Drug,,,Fruit used to make a medicinal tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
34656,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
34876,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
35045,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
35122,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,289,Yurok,70,b81,52,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young shoots boiled with other vine shoots into a tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
35123,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,289,Yurok,70,b81,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
36079,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36109,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36624,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36625,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36919,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36920,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
37744,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building materials.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37745,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37746,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Wood used to make canoes and traded to the Karok.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
39569,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,57,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken to 'purify the blood.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39570,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
40464,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,289,Yurok,70,b81,58,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40690,4018,Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of bulb scrapings applied to burns.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41418,4049,Typha latifolia L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves woven together to make raincoats.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41419,4049,Typha latifolia L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven together to make a mat.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41672,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41673,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41674,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,1,Food,,,Seeds baked in the sand under a fire and used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41675,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,"Leaves burned, to take bad luck away, in the house or the smoke waved over people as they leave.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41676,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put under the bed to rid it of fleas.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
42361,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used as brooms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42362,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42374,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used as brooms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42375,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42575,4101,Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Morr. & Dcne.,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Leaves eaten for coughs.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
43396,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,289,Yurok,70,b81,62,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43572,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,,,Leaves used to obtain fiber. Fibers were harvested when leaves were fully grown and then dyed with alder bark.  The strands could be dyed by chewing in Alnus bark and running the fibers through the mouth or by pounding the bark in a mortar and pestle.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43733,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Small leaves used to make dresses. Plants were burned every year.  Leaves were harvested in the spring when they first began to grow out from their charred rhizome.  Prior to use, the leaves were soaked in water to make them pliable, but if left too long they turned green.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"