id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
21,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
22,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
23,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
24,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
25,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
26,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
27,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
194,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
195,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
196,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes and gum used in corners of eyes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
197,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Gum used for sore eyes.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
198,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of boughs taken for any illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
199,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
200,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,509,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Branches thought to be of help to young girl under 'magical spell.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509"
201,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
202,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
203,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
204,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Very strong decoction of various plant parts taken for gonorrhea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
205,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,509,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Branches thought to be of help to young girl under 'magical spell.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509"
206,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for covering lodges.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
207,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to make temporary lodge flooring.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
208,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make canoes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
209,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
210,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used for bedding.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
211,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branch tips sometimes steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
212,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
213,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs used by young girls to scrub the face & clothes so that they would not be bothered by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
300,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
301,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
302,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
303,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores. The pitch was smeared over injuries and covered with a bandage.  In earlier times, animal fat was probably used in place of Vaseline","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
304,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
305,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
306,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
307,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Inner bark eaten as a medicine for 'shadow on the chest,' the beginning of tuberculosis. It made the informant very sick with aching, flu like symptoms, but after that, she did not develop tuberculosis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
308,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
309,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
310,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
311,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
312,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
313,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
314,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,106,Soap,"Sweet smelling bough used by 'old people' to wash their skin, to give their bodies a nice scent.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
343,8,Abies sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
344,8,Abies sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of shoots and bark taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
345,8,Abies sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,484,1,Food,,,Gum chewed and swallowed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484"
430,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for dysentery. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
431,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for polio. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
432,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used in making baby basket frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
433,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used in making snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
434,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
435,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood gathered while green, the heart removed and used in making bows, arrows and dipnet frames.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
436,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used in making implement handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
455,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of wood and bark taken for nausea caused by smelling a corpse.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
456,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of sticks and saskatoon sticks taken to heal women's insides and stimulate lactation. The decoction was made either with two sticks each of saskatoon and rocky mountain maple, or, for a stronger medicine, four sticks each and used after childbirth to heal women's insides and to stimulate the flow of milk for nursing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
457,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Decoction of four straight, young sticks used as a wash or taken for snakebites. The informant could not recall whether the decoction was taken internally or used as a wash.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
458,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibrous inner bark used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
459,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used for cradle frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
460,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Branches used whenever obtainable to make snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
461,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Twigs used to make snowshoe frames.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
462,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used for making snowshoes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
463,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for making bows.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
524,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Raw sap used as a tonic in the olden days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
525,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner bark used to make scouring pads, temporary baskets and sometimes for weaving bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
526,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Inner bark used to make scouring pads and sometimes for weaving bags and for temporary baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
527,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap boiled to make a type of maple syrup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
528,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,,,Raw shoots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
529,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Sprouted seeds boiled and eaten as green vegetables. The sprouted seeds were generally bitter, but the young shoots were considered to be quite sweet and juicy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
530,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,32,Containers,"Inner bark used to make scouring pads, temporary baskets and sometimes for weaving bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
531,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Inner bark used to make soapberry whippers. Children sometimes made miniature whisks which they used to whip the juice that was left after the dried soapberries were soaked.  They made the juice with their whisks and then drank it.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
532,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used in pit cooking, to line the pit and interspersed between the layers of food. The leaves were also used between layers of fish in fish caches.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
533,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used to line the containers used in making ripened salmon eggs. The maple leaves were used to line the basket and were placed in layers between the eggs.  The eggs were generally prepared in a birch bark basket, placed in a hole in the ground lined with birch bark and left there until springtime when they were considered cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
534,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make soapberry eating paddles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
958,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
959,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
960,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Leaves chewed or infusion of leaves taken for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
961,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and roots used for bathing arthritic limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
962,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded roots used on the skin for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
963,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
964,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
965,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Leaves chewed or decoction of leaves taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
966,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Roots chewed or decoction of roots taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
967,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a wash for chapped hands, pimples, rashes and insect bites.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
968,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used as wash or powdered stem and leaf applied for skin problems.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
969,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves and roots rubbed on sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
970,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed basal leaves used for cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
971,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
972,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for bad stomach cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
973,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for influenza.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
974,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves and roots rubbed on broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
975,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plant used as a wash for any kind of sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
976,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of whole plant taken for any sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
977,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
978,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a wash for insect or snake bites.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
979,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for snakebites.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
980,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic 'for slight indisposition.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
981,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
982,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Mashed root placed over a tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
983,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,,,Roots and stems considered 'a good medicine.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
984,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
985,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Root used for venereal disease.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
1110,45,Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,186,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots used as a delousing wash for sheep.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 186"
1111,45,Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,186,3,Other,76,Insecticide,"Decoction of plant used as a furniture and floor wash for lice, bedbugs and other household pests.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 186"
1463,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of root taken in a one teaspoon dose for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
1464,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,2,Drug,13,Poison,Red and white berried plant considered extremely poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
1465,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of plant taken for bronchial or lung trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
1475,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of root taken for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
1476,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of roots taken for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
1477,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,375,Dietary Aid,Decoction of roots taken for emaciation.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
1478,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,199,Dietary Aid,Decoction of roots taken for emaciation.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
1479,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Decoction of roots considered poisonous if taken in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
1480,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of root taken for syphilis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
1664,83,Agaricus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,483,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Plant strung, dried, cut, peeled and eaten raw or roasted.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 483"
1906,105,Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky juice chewed as gum.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
1911,106,Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,167,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Milky latex used to remove warts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167"
1912,106,Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,167,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky latex used as chewing gum.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167"
1948,117,Alectoria jubata Acharius.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,482,1,Food,,,Plant cooked and eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"
2032,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,,,Bulbs dug in the spring and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2033,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,482,1,Food,,,"Thick coated, spherical bulbs eaten.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"
2164,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Bulbs dried for winter storage. The dried bulbs were sprinkled with water and became just like fresh bulbs or they were soaked overnight in water.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2165,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Bulbs tied in bundles, partially dried, pit cooked and used for food. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked.  They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across.  They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves.  The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy.  The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat.  It was very important to them for refreshment.  Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2166,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Cooked bulbs considered a delicacy. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked.  They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across.  They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves.  The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy.  The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat.  It was very important to them for refreshment.  Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2167,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,Bulbs and leaves used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
2168,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,33,steed28,481,1,Food,,,Thick bulbs cooked and eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481"
2454,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2455,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2479,171,Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Stems sometimes used as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
2586,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of bark used as a wash for scabby skin, eczema and skin sores. One informant used a concentrated decoction of the bark as a wash for her uncle who had a severe allergic reaction to hops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2587,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2588,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,5,Dye,150,Brown,"Bark boiled in water to make a brown dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2589,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,5,Dye,136,Red,"Bark boiled in water to make a red dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. The dye was used to color mountain goat wool and other cloth and to deepen the color of basket materials such as bitter cherry bark.  Skins were tanned and dyed simultaneously by soaking them in a cooled solution of the bark.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2590,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,501,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used as a red dye.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501"
2591,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as a fuel for smoking meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2669,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2670,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,3,Other,168,Water Indicator,Plants used as water indicators.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
3032,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Decoction of plant and bitter cherry taken as birth control.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3033,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
3034,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Strong decoction of bark taken by women after childbirth to hasten the dropping of the afterbirth. The decoction was taken immediately after childbirth.  The medicine made from the tall variety of saskatoon was said to clean her out and help heal her insides.  It was also said to stop her menstrual periods after the baby was born and hence act as a form of birth control.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3035,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Warm decoction of stems and twigs taken by women or used as a bath after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3036,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Warm decoction taken and used as a wash after childbirth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
3037,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of fresh bark taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
3038,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3039,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried into cakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3040,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries pressed into cakes and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
3041,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried loose like raisins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3042,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3043,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3044,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,489,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
3045,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Dried berries and many other ingredients used to make a special pudding. The dried berries with bitterroot, flour, butter, cream, sugar and sometimes tiger lily bulbs, avalanche lily corms, deer fat, black tree lichen and salmon eggs were used to make a special pudding.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3046,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries jammed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3047,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,86,Spice,Berry juice used to marinate other foods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3048,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Dried berry cakes used as a sweetener for other foods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3049,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,487,1,Food,,,Drupes eaten wherever found.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 487"
3050,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3051,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,489,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruits preserved for future use.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
3052,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Traded with the Coast Indians.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
3053,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make salmon spreaders.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3054,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used as reinforcement for dipnet hoops.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3055,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3056,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make root diggers and other tools.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
3057,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood used to make root diggers, handles and other tools.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
3149,214,Amelanchier sp.,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries collected in large quantities and cured.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
3278,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,167,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of dried flowers taken for rheumatic fever.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167"
3352,253,Anemone sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
3632,281,Antennaria sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Some parts or whole plant chewed and swallowed for colds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
3633,281,Antennaria sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Some parts or whole plant chewed and swallowed for coughs.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
3774,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used as thread and twine for binding and tying.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
3775,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Fiber used as thread or twine for binding or tying.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
3858,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,,,Decoction of root used medicinally.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
3859,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Milky stem latex used for venereal disease.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3860,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used for making garments.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
3861,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used for making garments.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
3862,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used for making rope and twine.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
3863,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used for making rope and twine.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
3864,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Plant made into rope and used to make fishnets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3865,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stems used to make string. The stems were cut in the fall, usually in October, soaked and sometimes split in half. The fibrous outer skin was peeled off and the brittle inner stem discarded.  The fibrous part was then dried for indefinite storage and used to make string.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3866,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Inner bark used for making thread.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
3867,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Inner bark used for making thread.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
3868,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Plant made into thread and used for sewing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3869,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,3,Other,32,Containers,"Plant fiber made into sacks and used for storing potatoes, oats or onions.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3870,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Inner bark used for making nets and snares.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
3871,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Inner bark used for making nets and snares.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
3872,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Plants made into rope or thread and used for sewing and to make fishnets. The plants were dried, beaten with a stick to soften and loosen the fiber and then rolled and twisted on a piece of buckskin covering the upper leg.  The resulting rope or thread was used for sewing, for rope and for fish nets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3873,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,144,teit28,246,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make nets for catching deer.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 246"
3941,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for the hair and scalp.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
3942,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,507,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used as a charm by women 'to gain the affection of men.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507"
3943,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Root smeared on people's legs to increase stamina before a race.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3944,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Root smeared on horse's legs to increase stamina before a race.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3945,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,516,1,Food,5,Forage,Flowers used as sources of nectar by humming birds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
3946,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,507,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant used as a charm by both sexes 'to retain wealth and possessions.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507"
3947,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,507,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant used as a charm for good luck in gambling.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507"
3948,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Whole plant kept by people as a good luck charm.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3952,305,Aquilegia sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Root smeared on people's legs to increase stamina before a race.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3953,305,Aquilegia sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Root smeared on horse's legs to increase stamina before a race.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3961,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a diuretic and for lower back pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
3962,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3963,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of fresh or dried plant applied to sores.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
3964,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a diuretic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
3965,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for kidney troubles.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3966,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3967,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken as a kidney and bladder medicine.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
3968,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for bladder troubles.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3969,307,Arabis drummondii Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Strong decoction of plant taken for gonorrhea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
3978,310,Arabis holboellii Hornem.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,193,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves chewed as a strong medicine for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 193"
4075,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of root taken 'for the blood and pimples.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
4076,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Plant used as a blood purifier.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
4077,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root taken 'for the blood and pimples.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
4078,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for pimples.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
4079,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken for lassitude and general debility.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
4080,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
4081,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Plant used as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
4664,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for blood-spitting.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4665,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of root taken for 'blood spitting.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4666,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,373,Dietary Aid,Raw leaves chewed to alleviate thirst.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4667,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a diuretic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4668,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4669,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4670,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for canker sores and weak gums.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4671,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant taken and used as a wash for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4672,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4673,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys and bladder.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4674,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for bladder.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4675,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the bladder.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4676,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Infusion of leaves used as a tonic, antiseptic & astringent for bladder & urinary passage disorders.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4677,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young stems boiled and drunk as a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
4678,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruits eaten by deer.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
4679,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,52,Fruit,Drupes eaten fresh.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
4680,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, mealy fruits eaten with bear fat or fish oil because of the dryness.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4681,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Insipid fruits eaten fresh.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
4682,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,Washed berries fried in hot lard or salmon oil and used for food. The berries would crackle and pop 'just like popcorn.'  They were the only berries prepared in this manner.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4683,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,56,Soup,Drupes boiled in soups.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
4684,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,56,Soup,Insipid fruits boiled in soups.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
4685,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves placed in moccasins or shoes after the death of a husband or wife for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4686,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried or toasted leaves alone or mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Too much smoking of these leaves was said to make one dizzy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4687,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,495,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495"
4688,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
4689,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Mashed berries rubbed on the inside of coiled cedar root baskets to waterproof them. The berries were used to waterproof baskets such as those used for whipping soapberries.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4773,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,,,Roots eaten either raw or cooked.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
4774,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,,,"Roots eaten raw, but more often cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
4931,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed plant used for swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
4932,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed plant used for bruises and cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
4933,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of plant taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
4935,380,Arnica latifolia Bong.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
5014,389,Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis (Pallas) M.E. Peck,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
5015,389,Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis (Pallas) M.E. Peck,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of whole plant used for diarrhea.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5016,389,Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis (Pallas) M.E. Peck,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken by women after childbirth.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5017,389,Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis (Pallas) M.E. Peck,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken postpartum to hasten recovery.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
5018,389,Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis (Pallas) M.E. Peck,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,,,Decoction of root used medicinally.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
5185,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used to wash the head and temples for headache.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5186,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweatbath for aching bones or muscles.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5187,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of whole plant used as a headwash for headaches.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5188,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a 'liniment' for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5189,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5190,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in the sweat house for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5191,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant used as a wash for colds. The plant could also be boiled and the steam used for colds.  The patient would lie in the steam while he was covered with a blanket.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5192,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion or decoction of plant used as a bathing solution for swelling and discoloration of bruises.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5193,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Plant used in the sweat house for rheumatism and stiff joints.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5194,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Whole plant steamed to cause sweating for rheumatism and other aches.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5195,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for women after childbirth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5196,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of whole plant used as a bath for women after childbirth.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5197,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used in the sweat house for stiff joints.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5198,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,463,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5199,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Plant used as a wash for colds, especially for babies and for chickenpox, to help the itching. The plant could also be boiled and the steam used for colds.  The patient would lie in the steam while he was covered with a blanket.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5200,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous 'if it enters the blood.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
5201,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of plant used after injuries to wash horses' legs every day until healed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5305,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
5306,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of plant taken as medicine, possibly for venereal disease.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5413,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a 'liniment' for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5414,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a wash for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5415,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Hot decoction of plant taken, especially by the elderly, for colds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5416,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Plant used as incense to disinfect the house.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5417,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for over eating or indigestion.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5418,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Hot decoction of plant taken, especially by the elderly, for influenza.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5419,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant boiled with 'any kind of weeds' and used on injured areas as a bone setter.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5420,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,3,Other,37,Fuel,Plant used on the fire in the first smoking of a hide during the curing process. The smoke from this plant was supposed to soften the hide.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5421,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned and the smoke used as a good smudge against mosquitoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5422,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,3,Other,58,Protection,"Plant used as incense to protect one against evil influences. If one had to go into a large crowd, he could smoke himself with this plant to protect himself against strangers who might bring him harm.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5562,404,Artemisia sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,510,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark used by young girls to wipe mouths after eating to prevent hair growth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 510"
5563,404,Artemisia sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
5564,404,Artemisia sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Bark used to make saddle blankets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
5794,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a bath for muscular ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5795,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a bath to 'rest your bones' and relax you.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5796,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of branches taken for colds. One informant's mother said that this sage was too strong and powerful to drink.  She said, 'you wouldn't have any more kids.  No children.'  She said that seems to close something up in your system, that it's just too powerful.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5797,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leafless twigs taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5798,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves taken and poultice or plugs of leaves used in nostrils for colds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
5799,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Weak decoction of plant used as a wash for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5800,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Dried branch smoke used to fumigate the house, to protect the inhabitants against sickness.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5801,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Bruised leaves used as an inhalant to revive a patient.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
5802,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leafless twigs taken for laryngitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5803,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of stems and leaves taken for consumption and colds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
5804,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibrous bark used in weaving bags and clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5805,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous bark used in weaving mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5806,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,3,Other,32,Containers,"Fibrous bark used in weaving mats, bags and clothing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5807,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,3,Other,32,Containers,Used to make quivercases.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
5808,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Used to smoke hides.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
5809,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Used to make saddle blankets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
5873,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,257,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of washed roots taken for internal ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 257"
5874,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,257,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant taken for internal wounds and stomach problems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 257"
5875,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,257,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of washed roots taken for influenza. It was said that too much of the decoction should not be taken because it would make you sick.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 257"
5876,415,Aruncus dioicus var. acuminatus (Rydb.) Rydb. ex Hara,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of root taken for colds and influenza.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
5877,415,Aruncus dioicus var. acuminatus (Rydb.) Rydb. ex Hara,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root taken for 'swellings' and stalk ashes and grease used as a salve.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
5878,415,Aruncus dioicus var. acuminatus (Rydb.) Rydb. ex Hara,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root taken for indigestion and general stomach disorders.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
5879,415,Aruncus dioicus var. acuminatus (Rydb.) Rydb. ex Hara,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for colds and influenza.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
5880,415,Aruncus dioicus var. acuminatus (Rydb.) Rydb. ex Hara,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Salve of stalk ashes and grease used for paralysis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
6057,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, powdered leaves rubbed on the hands as a deodorant.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6058,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of rhizome taken as a stomach tonic and for indigestion and colic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
6059,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of rhizomes taken for stomach troubles, indigestion and colic.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
6060,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,508,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Whole plant or stems put in infant's bed to quiet baby and for illness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508"
6061,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,508,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Whole plant or stems put in infant's bed to quiet baby and for illness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508"
6062,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of rhizomes taken as a tonic for the stomach.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
6063,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,2,Drug,,,Fresh or dried leaves used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6064,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as a bedding for infants.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
6065,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plants mixed with sphagnum and used as bedding for infants.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
6249,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
6250,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Milky juice from stem used as face cream.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
6251,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,268,Dietary Aid,Decoction of root taken for 'general out-of-sorts feeling and emaciation.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
6252,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,513,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root poisonous in large amounts.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513"
6253,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root taken for 'general out-of-sorts feeling and emaciation.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
6254,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Cottony seed pappus formerly used for infant diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6255,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used as a substitute for Indian hemp in making thread used for tying and binding.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6256,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Inner bark used for binding or tying.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
6423,458,Aster foliaceus Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,194,Dietary Aid,Decoction of roots taken for loss of appetite.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
6424,458,Aster foliaceus Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,343,Dietary Aid,Decoction of roots used to stimulate appetite.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
6425,458,Aster foliaceus Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root taken for various stomach discomforts.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
6426,458,Aster foliaceus Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of roots taken for stomach swelling, dyspepsia and indigestion.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
6427,458,Aster foliaceus Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Strong decoction of root mixed with salmon oil and taken for syphilis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
6497,475,Astragalus giganteus S. Wats.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a rich horse and deer feed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
6521,484,Astragalus miser Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,222,1,Food,,,Plant placed at the top of the cooking pit in the absence of black tree lichen and wild onion.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 222"
6522,485,Astragalus miser var. decumbens (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Cronq.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a rich horse and deer feed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
6539,492,Astragalus purshii Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473474,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for the head, hair and whole body.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473474"
6540,492,Astragalus purshii Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,504,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of roots taken and poured on head in sweathouse for purification.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"
6541,492,Astragalus purshii Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,507,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Decoction of plant poured onto hunting equipment which had 'lost its luck.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507"
6542,492,Astragalus purshii Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,516,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as a common forage plant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
6567,496,Astragalus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473474,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for the head, hair and whole body.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473474"
6588,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion of plant used for vomiting blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
6936,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Seeds eaten for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6937,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,2,Drug,221,Dietary Aid,Root sucked and chewed for hunger.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
6938,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,2,Drug,15,Sedative,"Young shoots, when eaten in great quantities, caused sleepiness like sleeping pills.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6939,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,491,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds mixed with deer fat or grease, boiled, cooled and made into small cakes.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491"
6940,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Dried roots cooked and eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after meals. The dried roots were reconstituted by soaking in water overnight.  After they were cooked, the roots tasted sweet and were eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after a meal of dried fish or some other food as a main course.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6941,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cooked roots hung on strings, dried and then stored on the strings or in baskets. The dried roots were reconstituted by soaking in water overnight.  After they were cooked, the roots tasted sweet and were eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after a meal of dried fish or some other food as a main course.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6942,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,491,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds pounded and flour mixed with other foods.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491"
6943,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Dried seed flour eaten as porridge, especially in times of famine. The seeds were laid on mats, sundried, placed in buckskin bags and pounded into a flour.  The resulting flour was made into a porridge and eaten, especially in times of famine.  One informant said that the seeds were 'choky'  and difficult to swallow if eaten alone.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6944,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,484,1,Food,,,Crowns chewed or sucked.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484"
6945,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,Loose or skewered roots cooked overnight in a steaming pit and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6946,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,1,Food,,,"Old, large roots cooked and used for food.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
6947,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,,,Plant used for food.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
6948,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,491,1,Food,,,Ripe seeds eaten raw.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491"
6949,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,"Root crown, with the young undeveloped leaves, used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6950,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,,,Roots used as an important food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
6951,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,484,1,Food,,,"Stalks soaked in water, peeled and eaten raw.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484"
6952,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,"Young leafstalks, leaves, young budstems and fruits used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6953,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,1,Food,,,Young plants used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
6954,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,Young shoots chewed while eating fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6955,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,484,1,Food,,,Young stems eaten as a favorite food.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484"
6956,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Roots strung on long strings and used in trading.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
7301,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Sap tapped from trees in early spring and taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7302,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,"Bark used for contraception. One informant recalled a case in which a woman in childbirth did not want any more children.  An old woman told her to take the afterbirth, stick it with an old bone awl, wrap it in fishnet and then in a piece of birch bark and place it high up on a particular kind of tree.  The patient was then given an infusion of bitter cherry or saskatoon wood and after that had no more children","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7303,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Sap tapped from trees in early spring and taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7304,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for baskets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7305,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for walls and roofing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7306,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for canoes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7307,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for cradles.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7308,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,3,Other,32,Containers,"Tough, waterproof bark used as a material for lining storage caches. The bark was particularly important in the storage of food.  It could be stripped off in fall when it was quite papery and could be split into thin sheets.  These were weighted down with rocks to flatten them and then used to line the bottoms of berry baskets to keep the baskets from getting stained.  The bark was also placed between layers of dried salmon in storage and used in the storage of cooked roots such as lily corms.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7309,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Tough, waterproof bark used as a material for wrapping food. The bark was particularly important in the storage of food.  It could be stripped off in fall when it was quite papery and could be split into thin sheets.  These were weighted down with rocks to flatten them and then used to line the bottoms of berry baskets to keep the baskets from getting stained.  The bark was also placed between layers of dried salmon in storage and used in the storage of cooked roots such as lily corms.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7310,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,3,Other,38,Decorations,Bark used for decorations.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7311,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,3,Other,143,Paper,Bark used for paper and cards.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7593,640,Bromus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,516,1,Food,5,Forage,Plants used as a forage crop.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
7635,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Dried grass rubbed until soft and used as sanitary napkins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
7636,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Grass, rubbed and softened, sometimes mixed with sagebrush bark, used to make socks.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
7637,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Grass used in drying soapberries. The grass was washed, braided at the ends and laid out on a rack upon which the soapberries were placed to dry.  A small fire was lit under the racks and when the berries were dried, they were stored with the grass still attached.  Then, for use, the berries and grass were soaked in water and hand mixed.  The grass, which helped to whip the berries, eventually floated to the top after which it was removed.  Any remaining grass was removed by the person eating the berry whip.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
7638,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Tied bunches of grass used as soapberry whips.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
7743,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,119,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Mashed bulbs placed in cheesecloth and used for the eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 119"
7744,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,481,1,Food,,,"Coated, starchy corms used for food.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481"
7745,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,Corms formerly cooked and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
7746,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,119,1,Food,,,"Corms used for food, usually raw, but sometimes cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 119"
7747,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,483,1,Food,,,Sweet buds eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 483"
7748,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,Sweet flower buds used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
7749,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,483,1,Food,,,Unopened flowers eaten raw.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 483"
7781,684,Caltha leptosepala ssp. leptosepala var. leptosepala,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Fresh plant chewed and spit on wounds and poultice of crushed plant used.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
7782,684,Caltha leptosepala ssp. leptosepala var. leptosepala,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed plant applied to inflamed wounds.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
7829,695,Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,135,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Bulbs chewed or flowers sucked for mild epilepsy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 135"
7830,696,Calypso bulbosa var. americana (R. Br. ex Ait. f.) Luer,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,2,Drug,,,Plants used as charms for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
7892,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,Bulbs baked and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
7893,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,33,steed28,481,1,Food,,,Bulbs cooked and eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481"
7906,701,Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,,,Roots used as an important food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
7939,713,Campanula rotundifolia L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant taken or used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
7975,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves soaked in water overnight and eaten raw or cooked as a green vegetable.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
8056,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8057,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8058,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8087,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8088,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8089,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8096,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8097,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8098,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as a forage plant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
8099,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8124,752,Carex sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaves used as brushes for cleaning things.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8125,752,Carex sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,"Leaves eaten by goats, horses and other animals.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8126,752,Carex sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,515,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as a general forage plant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 515"
8402,770,Cassiope mertensiana (Bong.) D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken over a period of time for tuberculosis and spitting up blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
8403,771,Cassiope sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken over a period of time for tuberculosis and spitting up blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
8516,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,2,Drug,,,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8517,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as hummingbird feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8518,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,3,Other,38,Decorations,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8539,797,Castilleja sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,2,Drug,,,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8540,797,Castilleja sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,3,Other,38,Decorations,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8708,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of stem and leaf taken and used as a wash for dull, body pains.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
8709,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and leaves used internally and externally for dull pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
8710,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of leaves and twigs used for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8711,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of branches used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8712,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used as a bath or leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism or arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8713,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves and twigs used for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8714,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of plant taken for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8715,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of plant used for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8716,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,253,Dietary Aid,Decoction of branches taken for weight loss.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8717,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves and twigs with Indian hellebore used for broken limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8718,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of branches taken for general illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8719,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken for an unspecified ailment.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8720,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,,,Plant used in sweatbath for an unspecified illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8721,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Compound decoction of branches taken for mild forms of gonorrhea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
8722,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant considered a favorite food of deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8723,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,516,1,Food,5,Forage,Shrub extensively eaten by deer.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
8724,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,3,Other,106,Soap,Infusion of leaves and twigs with Indian hellebore used as a wash for bathing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
9011,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used on various skin conditions and insect bites.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9012,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of whole plant taken for any kind of swellings.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9013,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of plant used as wash for chapped hands, pimples, boils and tumors.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
9014,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken for swellings.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
9015,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Mild decoction taken as a tonic for the stomach.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9016,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Infusion of plant used as wash for insect and snake bites.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
9017,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Strong decoction of entire plant applied to insect and snakebites.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9018,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Mild decoction of entire plant taken as a tonic for the stomach and lassitude.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9019,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Mild decoction taken as a tonic for the stomach and lassitude.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9020,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,,,Plant considered a good medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9176,868,Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Fresh plant rubbed on all snakebites, but especially rattlesnake bites.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
9318,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9319,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,50,Fodder,Stalks used for pigfeed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9320,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,,,"Stalks eaten raw like celery, boiled or steamed.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9321,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,,,Young shoots eaten raw.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
9322,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,,,Young shoots peeled and eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9323,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,3,Other,32,Containers,"Leaves put in cooking pits by oldtimers, to protect the food while cooking.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9324,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant blooms indicated that the deer would be fat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9432,894,Chenopodium album L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,203,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves eaten as greens.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 203"
9462,896,Chenopodium botrys L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Plant wound in necklaces, stuffed in pillows, bags, baskets or tied to clothes as a scent.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
9485,898,Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi,259,Thompson,33,steed28,502,5,Dye,136,Red,"Calyx crushed and red stain used on the face, body, clothes, wood and skins.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502"
9486,898,Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi,259,Thompson,33,steed28,502,3,Other,26,Paint,"Calyx crushed and red paint used on the face, body, clothes, wood and skins.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502"
9487,898,Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi,259,Thompson,10,tta90,203,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant tops mashed with a little water and used to make ink to write with.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 203"
9659,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed plant applied to leg and foot swellings.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
9660,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant chewed at childbirth to ease confinement.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
9661,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant chewed or infusion of leaves taken by women before and after childbirth.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
9662,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,477,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Warm decoction of leaves taken before and after childbirth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 477"
9663,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,477,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of crushed, fresh plant applied to leg and foot swellings.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 477"
9664,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,477,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic for general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 477"
9685,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves made into a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
9686,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stem and roots boiled and drunk as a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
9856,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a wash for aching bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9857,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of root used for severe pain in the legs and back.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9858,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Boiled, roots used by bedridden patients or poultice of roots used for broken hips. The bedridden patient's back was splashed with water and the boiled, mashed roots placed on the back to help the patient recover.  The informant warned that the poultice should not be left on for more than half of an hour and that because of its toxicity, it should never be taken internally.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9859,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9860,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,476,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Root eaten to protect against disease and give feeling of 'perfect wellness.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 476"
9861,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Considered one of the most toxic plants in North America for people, horses, cattle and sheep.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9862,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,513,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots known to be poisonous to both humans and animals.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513"
9863,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,513,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Roots known to be poisonous to animals.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513"
9948,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9949,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,56,Soup,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9950,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9951,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,1,Food,,,Roots boiled and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
9953,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9954,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9955,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,,,"Deep, thick roots cooked and eaten.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
9956,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9957,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,1,Food,,,Roots boiled and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
10027,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10028,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10029,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10030,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,,,Root cooked and eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
10049,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10050,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10051,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10097,983,Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10098,984,Citrus medica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10102,986,Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10134,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Corms made into cakes and dried for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10135,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,,,Corms boiled and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
10136,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,,,"Corms rubbed clean, cooked in pits or steamed and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10137,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,482,1,Food,,,"Small, oval corms eaten.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"
10138,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Corms buried fresh in underground caches and stored for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10151,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,241,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used for sore eyes and for 'helping someone to see the right.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 241"
10197,1015,Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used as a head wash and for scabs and eczema.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
10258,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used as a head wash and for scabs and eczema.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
10259,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Sap used for boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10260,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plant used to bathe babies if they seemed to take after animals or deceased people.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10261,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of plant given to children who habitually wet their beds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10262,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of plant used to bathe babies if they seemed to take after animals or deceased people.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10263,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of plants taken as a tonic for general or out-of-sorts feeling.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
10264,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Mild decoction of plant taken as a tonic or 'remedy for general disorder.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
10265,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of cut stem pieces applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10266,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant given to children who habitually wet their beds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10267,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Cottony seed fluff used in infant diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10419,1033,Clintonia uniflora (Menzies ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kunth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,5,Dye,,,"Mashed, blue, berry like fruits used as a dye or stain. Large quantities of the fruits had to be used in order for the dye or stain to be effective.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
10495,1051,Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,281,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 281"
10496,1051,Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Fresh roots mixed with woman's milk and used as a wash for sore or inflamed eyes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
10860,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaf ash or powdered, toasted leaves sprinkled on sores.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
10923,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of two bark strips and two cascara bark strips taken as a 'blood purifier.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10924,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of two bark strips and two cascara bark strips taken for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10925,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of wood or bark taken for stomach trouble.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
10926,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Strained decoction of flower heads used to wash the skin for 'seven year itch.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10927,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of two bark strips & two cascara bark strips taken to improve hunters lungs before hiking.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10928,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,5,Dye,108,Black,Bark & fir bark boiled into a black dye & used to dye bitter cherry bark for imbricating baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10929,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,5,Dye,150,Brown,Bark boiled to make an intense brown dye & used to color bitter cherry bark for imbricating baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10930,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
10931,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make implement handles.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
10961,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,"Fruit considered a good 'tonic,' especially for intestinal worms.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10962,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of branches, wild rose and choke cherry branches taken for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10963,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,"Decoction of branches, wild rose and choke cherry branches taken for vomiting.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10964,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of branches taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10965,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Plant used as a medicine for anything by the elderly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10966,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of plant, squaw currant branches and fir or tamarack used as a baby bath. The decoction was used to bathe four to six month old babies four to six times over a period of several weeks.  It was said to make the baby strong, bright and good natured.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10967,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,13,Poison,Sap used on arrowheads for the poisonous effect upon animals.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10968,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Decoction of plant, squaw currant branches and fir or tamarack used as a baby bath. The decoction was used to bathe four to six month old babies four to six times over a period of several weeks.  It was said to make the baby strong, bright and good natured.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10969,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make the bow at the top of a baby's cradle.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10970,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,41,Dessert,Fruit eaten as dessert.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10971,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries and saskatoon berries smashed together, dried, rehydrated and eaten in the winter. The berries were also pounded with choke cherries, seeds and all and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10972,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Bitter, seedy fruits eaten alone or mashed with dried, 'white' saskatoon berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10973,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Flexible branches used to make the frame of a cylindrical basketry trap. The frame was tied together with 'gray willow' rope.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10974,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Sap used on arrowheads for the poisonous effect upon animals.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10975,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Twisted branches used to make gill nets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10986,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound decoction of twigs taken by women after childbirth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
10987,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Simple or compound decoction of various plant parts taken after childbirth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
10988,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,259,Thompson,33,steed28,490,1,Food,,,"Little, white drupes eaten occasionally.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 490"
10989,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,259,Thompson,33,steed28,495,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495"
11137,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of bark or leaves taken by women soon after childbirth.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
11138,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Simple or compound decoction of various plant parts taken after childbirth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
11139,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
11140,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,259,Thompson,33,steed28,495,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495"
11254,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Buds chewed to become a good singer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11255,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Nuts eaten for refreshments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11256,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Nuts used for trade.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11257,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Young suckers used as salmon spreaders in the absence of saskatoon branches.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11258,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Young branch softened with urine, twisted and used to make a dipnet hoop.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11293,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,259,Thompson,33,steed28,501,5,Dye,55,Blue,Roots used to make a bluish dye.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501"
11294,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
11295,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Traded with the Coast Indians.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
11375,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Fruit considered a good health food for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11376,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea and dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11377,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Spines used as probes 'for ripe boils and ulcers.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
11378,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Spines used as probes for boils and ulcers.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
11379,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of sap, bark, wood or root taken as stomach medicine.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
11380,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of sapwood, bark and roots taken as a stomach medicine.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
11381,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Fruit considered a good health food for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11382,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Mashed fruit dried for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11383,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit, without the seeds, eaten fresh or pureed.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11384,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
11385,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jam or jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11386,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,,,Pomes eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
11387,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Spines used for fish hooks.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11388,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,3,Other,17,Tools,Spines used for piercing ears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11389,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,454,3,Other,17,Tools,Spines used to probe ripe boils and ulcers.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 454"
11390,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,3,Other,17,Tools,Strong wood used for digging sticks and axe handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11400,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
11401,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,259,Thompson,33,steed28,487,1,Food,,,"Scarlet, pear-shaped pomes eaten.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 487"
11402,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,259,Thompson,33,steed28,454,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Spines used as pins and fishhooks.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 454"
11403,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Spines used to make fish hooks.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
11404,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,3,Other,17,Tools,Spines used as probes for ripe boils and ulcers.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
11552,1156,Cryptogramma sitchensis (Rupr.) T. Moore,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Infusion of washed, strained fronds used as an eyewash.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
11553,1156,Cryptogramma sitchensis (Rupr.) T. Moore,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,"Infusion of washed, strained fronds taken for gallstones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
11569,1157,Cucumis melo L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 206"
11583,1159,Cucumis sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,492,1,Food,,,"Seeds eaten in quantities, especially by children.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 492"
12295,1252,Delphinium menziesii DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used as a charm by women 'to help them obtain & hold affection of men.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
12296,1252,Delphinium menziesii DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,502,5,Dye,55,Blue,Flowers used as a blue dye for clothing.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502"
12297,1252,Delphinium menziesii DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,502,3,Other,26,Paint,Flowers used as a paint for clothing.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502"
12448,1287,Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,,,Root used as some kind of medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
12626,1318,Disporum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,459,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound decoction of roots taken for internal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459"
12641,1321,Dodecatheon jeffreyi Van Houtte,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Flowers used by women 'to obtain the love of men and to help them control men.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
12642,1321,Dodecatheon jeffreyi Van Houtte,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Flowers used as a charm 'to obtain wealth & to make people give presents.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
12643,1322,Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,3,Other,167,Designs,"Flower used as a pattern for beadwork on gloves, moccasins, vests and jackets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
12684,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12706,1338,Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12723,1342,Dryopteris sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12992,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of roots and sumac roots taken for syphilis. This medicine was considered very poisonous and had to be taken with fish head soup to counteract the poison.  One informant who was treated with this medicine recovered from syphilis but, afterwards, could never have children.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12993,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12994,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Inner bark stripped off, shredded and the fiber used to make clothing.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
12995,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12996,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12997,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Inner bark stripped off, shredded and the fiber used to make mats.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
12998,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,508,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark made into a headband and worn by the man chosen to sing when newborn twins first cried.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508"
12999,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,3,Other,32,Containers,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13000,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Bark twine used in drying roots and bunches of tied bark used as soapberry whippers. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, the bark could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of the fresh or dried bark, after it was soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.  The bark wine was used in twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing and also to thread bitter roots, avalanche lily corms and other roots for drying.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13001,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Seeds, sometimes painted gold, used to decorate Christmas cards.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13002,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,3,Other,125,Jewelry,"Cleaned, polished seeds, with holes drilled in them, strung and used as necklaces.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13003,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Seeds strung and worn as necklaces.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
13060,1392,Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus,259,Thompson,33,steed28,515,1,Food,50,Fodder,Cut and fed to horses as hay.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 515"
13274,1417,Epilobium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
13275,1417,Epilobium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant used as an 'especially efficacious' charm for good luck in gambling.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
13336,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction or infusion of stems used after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly. The decoction or infusion was taken immediately after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly.  The stems were usually gathered ahead of time being pulled up, the roots cut off and the stems cut into short segments and dried.  Then, just before childbirth, a small handful of the cut stems was steeped in boiling water for five or ten minutes.  The woman could drink this tea for several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13337,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new plant tops taken for 'stoppage of urine.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13408,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Stem liquid used for sore eyes or decoction of stems used for sore, itchy eyes or cataracts. The stem liquid, which was collected in the springtime, could be stored in the refrigerator and used whenever needed.  The stem decoction was used as an eyewash for sore or itchy eyes or for impending blindness such as that caused by cataracts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13409,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of roots taken during difficult childbirth, to accelerate it.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13410,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction or infusion of stems taken after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly. The decoction or infusion was taken immediately after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly.  The stems were usually gathered ahead of time being pulled up, the roots cut off and the stems cut into short segments and dried.  Then, just before childbirth, a small handful of the cut stems was steeped in boiling water for five or ten minutes.  The woman could drink this tea for several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13411,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new growths taken for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13412,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13413,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Stem liquid used to kill any type of weed. The stem segments were pulled apart and the water was splashed over the weeds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13461,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of plant ash and grease applied to burns.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
13462,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Stem liquid used for sore eyes or decoction of stems used for sore, itchy eyes or blindness. The stem liquid, which was collected in the springtime, could be stored in the refrigerator and used whenever needed.  The stem decoction was used as an eyewash for sore or itchy eyes or for impending blindness such as that caused by cataracts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13463,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken to accelerate a difficult childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13464,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction or infusion of stems taken after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly. The decoction or infusion was taken immediately after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly.  The stems were usually gathered ahead of time being pulled up, the roots cut off and the stems cut into short segments and dried.  Then, just before childbirth, a small handful of the cut stems was steeped in boiling water for five or ten minutes.  The woman could drink this tea for several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13465,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new growths taken for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13466,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13467,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used for sharpening and polishing bone tools.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
13468,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Stem liquid used to kill any type of weed. The stem segments were pulled apart and the water was splashed over the weeds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13492,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of stem ash of several species used alone or with grease on burns.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
13493,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Stem liquid used for sore eyes or decoction of stem used for sore, itchy eyes or blindness. The stem liquid, which was collected in the springtime, could be stored in the refrigerator and used whenever needed.  The stem decoction was used as an eyewash for sore or itchy eyes or for impending blindness such as that caused by cataracts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13494,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction or infusion of stems taken after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly. The decoction or infusion was taken immediately after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly.  The stems were usually gathered ahead of time being pulled up, the roots cut off and the stems cut into short segments and dried.  Then, just before childbirth, a small handful of the cut stems was steeped in boiling water for five or ten minutes.  The woman could drink this tea for several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13495,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new growths taken for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13496,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13497,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to smooth and finish soapstone pipes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
13498,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,510,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stem used to hold lice found in girls' hair and thrown in a stream during puberty ceremonies.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 510"
13499,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Stem liquid used to kill any type of weed. The stem segments were pulled apart and the water was splashed over the weeds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13500,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems used to sharpen and polish bone.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
13529,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new plant tops used for 'stoppage of urine.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13670,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13671,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13672,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomach cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13673,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a medicine for 'drinking and bathing.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13674,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plant taken for 'all diseases.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13675,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13676,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for colds, venereal diseases, bladder trouble and tuberculosis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13677,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for venereal disease.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13720,1467,Erigeron compositus Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Plant chewed, possibly taken internally, and spit on sores.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
13721,1467,Erigeron compositus Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant and any kind of 'weeds' used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13741,1472,Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Plant chewed, possibly taken internally, and spit on sores.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
13742,1472,Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Toasted, powdered stems and leaves sprinkled on sores, cuts and wounds.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
13743,1472,Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant and any kind of 'weeds' used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13768,1479,Erigeron peregrinus ssp. callianthemus (Greene) Cronq.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Plant used as a pattern in basketry.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
13813,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for backache, stomachache or menstrual cramps.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13814,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Salve of toasted, crushed plant and grease rubbed on painful area.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
13815,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Salve of toasted, crushed plant and grease rubbed on painful, swollen areas.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
13816,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Toasted, powdered stems and leaves sprinkled on sores, ulcers, cuts and wounds.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
13817,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomachache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13818,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,177,Gland Medicine,"Salve of toasted, crushed plant and grease rubbed on swollen glands.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
13819,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken for menstrual cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13820,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,468,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Salve of crushed plant used on throat or plant chewed for sore throat.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468"
13951,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13952,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13953,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13954,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used in steambath for aching and rheumatic joints.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13955,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Salve of dry leaves or leaf ash mixed with grease used for swellings.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13956,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13957,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13958,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in steambath for sprains, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13959,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,18,Other,Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
13960,1495,Eriogonum androsaceum Benth.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Strong decoction of plant used for syphilis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14024,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14025,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14026,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14027,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used in steambath for aching and rheumatic joints.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14028,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,505,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Decoction of whole plant used as a purifying ceremonial wash in the sweathouse.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 505"
14029,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14030,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Salve of dry leaves or leaf ash mixed with grease used for swellings.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14031,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,505,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of whole plant used as a purifying ceremonial wash in the sweathouse.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 505"
14032,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14033,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14034,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14035,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in steambath for sprains, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14036,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,18,Other,Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14037,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Decoction of washed, clean plant taken for sickness on the lung.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14038,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Decoction of washed, clean plant taken for tuberculosis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14039,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of plant taken in large quantities for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14040,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant taken or used as a wash for an unspecified illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14041,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Strong decoction of plant used for syphilis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14148,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14149,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14150,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14151,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used in steambath for aching and rheumatic joints.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14152,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Salve of dry leaves or leaf ash mixed with grease used for swellings.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14153,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14154,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14155,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in steambath for sprains, stiff and aching joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14156,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,18,Other,Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14157,1530,Eriogonum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Strong decoction of plant used for syphilis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
14351,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,85,Candy,Small root ends of corms eaten as candy by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14352,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Raw corms dried for future use in soups or stews. The corms were laid out loosely on a scaffold and allowed to partially dry until they had wilted so that they would not split when strung.  Then they were strung with needles onto long strings or thin sticks and allowed to dry completely.  The strings were tied at the ends to make a large necklace like loop which could be hung up for storage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14353,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Corms used to make a traditional kind of pudding. The pudding was made by boiling together such traditional ingredients as dried black tree lichen, dried saskatoon berries, cured salmon eggs, tiger lily bulbs or bitterroot and deer fat.  Some of these ingredients, including avalanche lily corms, were optional. Nowadays flour is often used as a substitute for black tree lichen and sugar is added.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14354,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,56,Soup,"Raw, dried corms used in soups and stews.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14355,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,"Corms considered an important traditional food source. Because raw corms were considered poisonous, most of the corms were pit cooked, either immediately after harvesting or at a later date after they had been strung and dried.  In the latter case, they were soaked for a few minutes in lukewarm water until they had regained about two-thirds of their moisture before being placed in the cooking pit.  They could be eaten immediately or redried for later use, when they could be could again very quickly.  One informant confirmed that the corms cooked and eaten immediately after harvesting were not as sweet and good as those that had been stored first.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14356,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,481,1,Food,,,Corms cooked and eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481"
14357,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,"Corms eaten with meat and fish as the vegetable portion of a meal, like potatoes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14358,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,Deep fried corms used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14359,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,,,Roots used as an important food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
14360,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,"Steamed and eaten as a sweet, mealy and starchy food.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
14361,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Strings of dried corms used as trading items.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14362,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Corms used as wagers in gambling. Some of the women used to climb up the valley sides to dig sacks of corms which they used as wagers in gambling.  The winners would stagger down the hillside with several sacks of corms, while others, who had worked just as hard, would return home empty handed, having lost in the gambling.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14363,1562,Erythronium grandiflorum ssp. grandiflorum,259,Thompson,33,steed28,481,1,Food,,,Corms cooked and eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481"
14653,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,259,Thompson,33,steed28,501,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used to make a bright yellow dye.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501"
14654,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,259,Thompson,33,steed28,501,3,Other,26,Paint,Used as a paint on wood and skin.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501"
14906,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14907,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea or dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14908,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14909,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of roots or whole plant bottle fed to babies for diarrhea or dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14910,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries, if plentiful, dried for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14911,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14921,1637,Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt,259,Thompson,33,steed28,487,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Large, wild berries eaten as a favorite food.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 487"
14952,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,259,Thompson,33,steed28,488,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries washed, dried and stored for winter use.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 488"
14953,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,259,Thompson,33,steed28,488,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 488"
14954,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,259,Thompson,33,steed28,478,1,Food,86,Spice,Flowers and stems used to flavor roots.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 478"
14955,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,259,Thompson,33,steed28,509,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves made into pads and worn under the armpits to make them smell sweet.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509"
15024,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15025,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea or dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15026,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Berries used as deodorant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15027,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15028,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of roots or whole plant bottle fed to babies for diarrhea or dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15029,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries, if plentiful, dried for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15030,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15132,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of four bark strips used as a skin wash for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15133,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Strong decoction of bark or wood used as a physic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
15134,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Strong or mild decoction of bark and sometimes wood used as a physic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15135,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of two bark strips and flowering dogwood bark taken for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15136,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Mild decoction of bark or wood used as a laxative.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
15137,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of bark and red elderberry roots taken for liver diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15346,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Washed bulbs dried for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15347,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used in flavoring soups.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15348,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,Cooked and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
15349,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,,,Roots steam cooked with a little water and put in puddings or pit cooked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15350,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,,,Roots used as an important food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
15351,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,33,steed28,481,1,Food,,,"Thick, scaly bulbs cooked and eaten.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481"
15385,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten when available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15386,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,482,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"
15387,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,Small bulbs steamed and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
15424,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for headache and general indisposition.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
15425,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,181,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Infusion of whole plant used for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 181"
15426,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,181,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Poultice of lightly toasted, pounded plant mixed with bear grease and used for 'mumps.'","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 181"
15427,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,181,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 181"
15697,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed, dried and made into cakes for later use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15698,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Fruits pressed into cakes and used as a winter food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
15699,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed and eaten fresh with other berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15700,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
15701,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15702,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15848,1729,Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
15856,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant used as a medicine for women.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
15857,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used as a love charm or love potion.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
15858,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"
15859,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,,,Roots used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
15860,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowers possibly used for witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
15920,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
15921,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweatbath for rheumatism.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
15922,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
15923,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,507,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used by men as a charm 'for gaining a woman's affection.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507"
15924,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,476,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Decoction of root taken for diseases with rash: measles, chicken pox and smallpox.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 476"
15925,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,464,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 464"
15926,1737,Geum sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,2,Drug,,,Plants used as charms for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
15943,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used as a wash for pain.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15944,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plants used in the sweatbath for aching joints and sore, stiff muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15945,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and stiff joints and muscles.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15946,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,504,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash after the purifying sweatbath.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"
15947,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plants steamed in the sweatbath for rheumatism and joint and muscle stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15948,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plants used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and stiff joints and muscles.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15949,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash for body stiffness.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15950,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plants used in the sweatbath for sprains, aching and stiff joints and muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15951,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,466,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466"
15952,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots boiled and drunk as tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
16093,1763,Goodyera oblongifolia Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,136,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Leaves chewed prenatally to determine the sex of a baby and to insure an easy delivery. If the mother could swallow the chewed leaf, the baby was going to be a girl, but if she could not, then it was going to be a boy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 136"
16094,1763,Goodyera oblongifolia Raf.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant chewed at childbirth to ease confinement.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
16095,1763,Goodyera oblongifolia Raf.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant chewed by women before and at the time of childbirth.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
16391,1793,Hackelia diffusa (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston,259,Thompson,10,tta90,192,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by sheep. The plant was not used by people as it was considered a noxious weed because the burred fruits stuck to fur and clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192"
16396,1795,Hackelia hispida var. hispida,259,Thompson,33,steed28,474,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474"
16635,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Powdered leaves alone or in ointment used on sores and swellings.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
16673,1832,Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,469,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Powdered leaves alone or in ointment used on sores and swellings.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469"
16688,1833,Helianthus sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,492,1,Food,,,"Seeds eaten in quantities, especially by children.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 492"
16935,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root used as a purgative and tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
16936,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of roots taken as a purgative.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
16937,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,504,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of roots taken by warriors and hunters as a purgative.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"
16938,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Decoction of root used ceremonially as a wash for purification.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
16939,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of root used ceremonially as a wash for purification.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
16940,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,504,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of roots taken by warriors and hunters as a purifier.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"
16941,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root used as a tonic and purgative.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
16942,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of roots taken as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
16943,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16944,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Strong decoction of root used for syphilis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
16945,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant formerly dried for storage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16946,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,482,1,Food,5,Forage,Stalks used as a common food for cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"
16947,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Plant frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16948,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,,,Young flower stalks peeled and eaten raw.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
16949,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,482,1,Food,,,Young stalks peeled and eaten raw.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"
16950,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peeled shoots eaten as vegetables with meat or fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16951,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Peeled, raw or cooked leaf stalks and flower stalks used for food. The stalks were ready to use around May and June, but after a while, they became tough, dry or sticky and were no longer good to eat.  The raw stalks would cause a burning like pepper if eaten in too great a quantity;  it was better to eat cooked stalks.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16952,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Plant canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
17064,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Chewed leaves and roots spat on sores or wounds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17065,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of root with Douglas fir pitch used for wounds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17066,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of root taken for liver trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17067,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Small, peeled, cleaned root piece chewed for mouth sores and gum boils.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17068,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17069,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,,,Root used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17085,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Chewed leaves and roots spat on sores or wounds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17086,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of mashed root with Douglas fir pitch used for wounds. The poultice was covered with a cloth and when it was taken off, all the poison was extracted from the open wound.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17087,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of roots taken for liver trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17088,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Small, peeled, cleaned root piece chewed for mouth sores and gum boils.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17089,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17090,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17178,1892,Hieracium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,492,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Gummy juice chewed to cleanse the mouth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 492"
17179,1892,Hieracium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,506,2,Drug,,,Root used as a charm for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506"
17180,1892,Hieracium sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,492,1,Food,,,Chewed for pleasure.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 492"
17273,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,476,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion or decoction of plant used as a wash for the hair and body.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 476"
17274,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass tied in the hair and on neck and arm ornaments as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
17275,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,141,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Easily braided grass used in play by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 141"
17372,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
17373,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,261,3,Other,58,Protection,Extremely hard wood used to make cuirasses and other types of armor.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 261"
17374,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,497,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used for cuirasses and armor in general.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
17535,1933,Hydrophyllum fendleri var. albifrons (Heller) J.F. Macbr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,5,Forage,Thick roots eaten by cattle.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
17536,1933,Hydrophyllum fendleri var. albifrons (Heller) J.F. Macbr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,Thick roots cooked and eaten.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
17538,1934,Hydrophyllum occidentale (S. Wats.) Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots eaten by cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
17539,1934,Hydrophyllum occidentale (S. Wats.) Gray,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,,,Root cooked and eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
18522,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of branches taken for aching muscles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18523,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of branches taken as a physic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18524,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of branches used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18525,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of twigs used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
18526,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,474,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion or decoction of twigs used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474"
18527,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,474,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474"
18528,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of three, ten centimeter long branches taken to 'make your insides nice.'","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18529,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of boughs taken for 'leakage of the heart.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18530,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,184,Hypotensive,Infusion of branches taken for high blood pressure. The branches were steeped in boiling water until the water cooled.  The cool infusion was taken for two weeks after which the blood pressure returned to normal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18531,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Berries eaten for kidney disorders.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
18532,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of branches used for kidney ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18533,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of branches taken as a tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18534,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of small branches used as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
18535,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,474,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474"
18536,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Branches used for tuberculosis. It was said that for the medicine to be really effective, the boughs should be taken from a plant growing all by itself.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18537,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,1,Food,27,Beverage,Small pieces of branches used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18538,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,505,3,Other,106,Soap,"Stems and leaf whorls boiled and used as a body wash by hunters, warriors and widowers.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 505"
19041,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of berries used externally for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19042,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of branches and berries taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19043,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of berries used as a wash for all types of bites and stings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19044,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of boughs taken or used as a wash for hives or sores. The informant said that she used a decoction of mashed boughs and Douglas fir to bathe her children when they had the 'seven year itch' and that it worked, but not as well as modern medicine.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19045,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,"Decoction or infusion of plant used to disinfect the house after an illness or death. The decoction was used to scrub the floors, walls and furniture after an illness or death in the house.  It was also used to wash the deceased person's bedding and clothing as well as serving as a protective wash for other members of the household.  The steam from the infusion was also said to have a disinfecting effect.  If they knew that an illness was going to arrive, they broke the branches and burned them in the house for the strong smoke which they said would keep the air fresh so that the sickness would not affect them.  They also burned the branches after a death in the house to freshen the air.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19046,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Fresh berries eaten as a diuretic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
19047,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Fresh or dried berries eaten as a diuretic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19048,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of berries used externally for stomach ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19049,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of branches and berries taken every morning just before childbirth. The decoction was taken every morning just before childbirth to promote muscular relaxation.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19050,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Decoction of branches and berries taken for heart trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19051,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19052,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of boughs used for 'black measles' or chickenpox.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19053,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant considered effective in combating evil 'spirits' associated with illness and death.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19054,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of branches and berries taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19055,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Fresh berries eaten as a medicine for the bladder.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
19056,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Fresh or dried berries eaten for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19057,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Fruit eaten for bladder troubles.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
19058,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Strong decoction of berries used to kill ticks on horses.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
19059,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Tree used to bring good luck.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19060,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Hunters rubbed the boughs on themselves as protection against grizzlies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19061,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and clubs.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
19062,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make the two outer prongs of a leister, the center from 'ironwood' or saskatoon wood.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19063,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Strong decoction of berries used to kill ticks on horses.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
19064,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to make drums.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
19065,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,58,Protection,"Boughs used as protection against illnesses and death. One informant said that, formerly, when a person died the branches were broken and laid in the coffin to keep the germs away and to keep the spirit or 'ghost' of the deceased person from harming or scaring the living.  The informant also said that the branches could be placed on the stove in a little dish and the scent allowed to permeate the room.  The branches could also be placed around the edges of the family's bedrooms as a disinfectant.  They were left there until they lost their strong, pungent odor.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19066,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,58,Protection,Hunters rubbed the boughs on themselves as protection against grizzlies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19203,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used as a fuel to make a heavy smoke for smoking skins.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
19290,2073,Kalmia polifolia Wangenh.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant used medicinally.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
19560,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Poultice of pitch mixed with fat or Vaseline and used for sores, cuts and burns.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19561,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of small pieces of branches and tops used for cancer. A decoction of plant tops was used to wash the areas affected by cancer.  A second decoction of branch pieces was taken internally.  It made the emaciated patient get better and gain weight.  This treatment was used after a 'western' doctor diagnosed the breast cancer patient as being terminal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19562,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Branches used for dry coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19563,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of bark used as a wash for wounds, such as bullet wounds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19564,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pitch used for sores, cuts and burns. The pitch was mixed with tallow and used as a poultice for sores or it was mixed with fat or Vaseline and used for cuts and burns.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19565,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,238,Dietary Aid,Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark used to stimulate the appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19566,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark used for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19567,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark taken as a form of birth control after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19568,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Branches used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19569,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Pitch considered a valuable bone setter for broken bones that would not heal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19570,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Branches used as a medicine for any type of illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19571,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of bark used as a wash or bath for babies, to make them strong and healthy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19572,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of leaves used as a healthful, strengthening wash for infants.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
19573,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash to make babies strong and healthy.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
19574,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Poultice of pitch used or infusion of pitch taken for respiratory diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19575,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Decoction of bark used as a wash or bath for babies, to make them strong and healthy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19576,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch used or infusion of pitch taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19577,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,1,Food,85,Candy,Gum from trunk and branches chewed for pleasure.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19578,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,,,Gum chewed for pleasure.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
19579,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,3,Other,26,Paint,Pitch burned until dry to make a reddish pigment and used as a face paint for women and men.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19711,2111,Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. lanceolatus var. nuttallii (S. Wats.) C.L. Hitchc.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,516,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as a general forage for animals.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
19852,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,259,Thompson,10,tta90,214,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and twigs made into a tea like beverage and used in place of coffee.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 214"
19853,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,259,Thompson,10,tta90,214,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves made into a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 214"
19950,2143,Leptarrhena pyrolifolia (D. Don) R. Br. ex Ser.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of chewed, fresh leaves applied to wounds and sores.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
20009,2157,Lewisia columbiana (T.J. Howell ex Gray) B.L. Robins.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,,,Fleshy roots eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
20010,2157,Lewisia columbiana (T.J. Howell ex Gray) B.L. Robins.,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Steamed or boiled and used as a winter food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
20011,2157,Lewisia columbiana (T.J. Howell ex Gray) B.L. Robins.,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Traded with other tribes for dried salmon and other items.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
20014,2158,Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robins.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,479,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Some believed that eating the roots caused insanity.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 479"
20015,2158,Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robins.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,479,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 479"
20016,2158,Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robins.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,507,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant used as a charm for good luck in gambling.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507"
20054,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Roots used as an ingredient in fruit cake.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20055,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Peeled roots dried loose or large roots stored on strings for future use. The roots were dried on strings in order to determine the market value or trade worth.  The dried roots were eaten with saskatoon berries and salmon eggs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20056,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Roots cooked with black tree lichen, dough and fresh salmon and made into a pudding. Sometimes the roots were cooked with black tree lichen, fermented salmon eggs, yellow avalanche lily corms, saskatoon berries and deer fat to make a similar kind of pudding.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20057,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Dried roots cooked in soups such as fish head soup, but only served on special occasions. Because the roots were so valuable, they were only served on special occasions.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20058,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,479,1,Food,,,Fleshy taproot eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 479"
20059,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,,,Fresh roots pit cooked or boiled in watertight baskets using red hot stones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20060,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,,,Roots used as an important food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
20061,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,478,1,Food,,,Used as an important food.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 478"
20062,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Steamed or boiled and used as a winter food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
20063,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Strung, dried roots used as a trade item.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20064,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Traded with other tribes for dried salmon and other items.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
20065,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,3,Other,224,Plant Indicator,Presence of plant indicated the growth of another plant type.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20081,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Hollow straw used to clear the blocked nipple of a cow. The udder was splashed with warm water, massaged and the straw poked into it to clear the blockage.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20082,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Culms used for basket imbrication as a substitute for another plant or other swamp grasses.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20083,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Grass used to line old style graves.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20084,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Stout culms broken into lengths and poked into edges of cut fish to hold it flat while drying.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20123,2163,Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Culms used as a substitute in making basketry.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
20220,2177,Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,153,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally whenever obtainable.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 153"
20282,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pit cooked bulbs dried for future use and usually cooked with meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20283,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,56,Soup,"Bulbs used to make a soup like clam chowder. A vegetable soup was made with salmon heads, bitterroot, tiger lily bulbs, water horehound roots, chocolate lily bulbs, the 'dry' variety of saskatoon berries, dried powdered bracken fern rhizome and chopped wild onions.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20284,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,86,Spice,"Thick, scaly bulbs eaten mainly as a condiment or cooked with food to add a pepper like flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20285,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,33,steed28,482,1,Food,,,"Bulbs mixed with salmon roe and panther lily, boiled and eaten as a favorite dish.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"
20286,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,144,teit28,237,1,Food,,,Roots used as an important food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237"
20287,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,144,teit28,89,1,Food,,,Roots used extensively for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
20288,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,33,steed28,482,1,Food,,,"Thick, scaly bulbs mixed with salmon roe, boiled and eaten as a favorite dish.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482"
20383,2201,Linnaea borealis L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant used as a medicine for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
20429,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,507,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of stems and flowers used as wash by girls for beautiful hair and face.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507"
20430,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,234,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of whole plant with the roots used to wash the hair and scalp if hair loss occurred.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 234"
20431,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of flowers, leaves and stem used as skin and hair wash by young females.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
20432,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,467,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of flowers, leaves and stems used as wash for adolescents' skin and hair.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467"
20433,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of flowers, leaves and stem used as skin and hair wash by young females.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
20434,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,504,3,Other,106,Soap,"Flowers, leaves and stems soaked in cold water and used by girls at puberty as a head and face wash.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504"
20592,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,,,Plants boiled and used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
20593,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,,,Root cooked and eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
20594,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,502,3,Other,26,Paint,Roots dipped in hot grease and used as a red paint on the face and on dressed skins.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502"
20595,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Seeds used as beads by children.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
20626,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,508,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Root used to 'inflict sickness or bad luck on persons.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508"
20627,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,192,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Hard, white, shiny seeds formerly used to make beads.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192"
20628,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,192,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as a charm to stop a thunderstorm.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192"
20804,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,259,Thompson,10,tta90,154,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of dried root used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 154"
20805,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,259,Thompson,10,tta90,154,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of washed, pounded root used for sprains and as a bone setter for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 154"
20806,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,259,Thompson,10,tta90,154,1,Food,,,"Roots dug in the early spring, pit cooked until soft, like balsam roots, and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 154"
20808,2236,Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum,259,Thompson,33,steed28,472,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Root powder mixed with grease and used as a salve for burns.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472"
20809,2236,Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum,259,Thompson,33,steed28,472,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Dried root powder sprinkled on wounds and sores to aid healing.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472"
20810,2236,Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum,259,Thompson,33,steed28,513,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Dried, crushed root sprinkled on horses' sore or wounds.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513"
20811,2236,Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum,259,Thompson,33,steed28,480,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots split, strung, dried and cooked as needed.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480"
20812,2236,Lomatium dissectum var. dissectum,259,Thompson,55,p52,37,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Thick, fleshy roots split, dried and cooked for food.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
20967,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Leaves used in babies' bath water to make them sleep a lot.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20968,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,508,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Root eaten by childless women for infertility.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508"
20969,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Roots eaten by elderly couples to help them conceive.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20970,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,2,Drug,15,Sedative,"Leaves used as padding, especially in children's cradles, to cause them to sleep a lot.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20971,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Leaves used in babies' bath water to make them sleep a lot.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20972,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves finely divided and used as a padding in child carriers.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
20973,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used as padding, especially in children's cradles, to cause them to sleep a lot.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20974,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots dug in the springtime, peeled and dried for later use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20975,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Roots used in puddings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20976,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,86,Spice,"Roots cooked with meat stews, saskatoon berries or tiger lily bulbs as a flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20977,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,,,Boiled roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20978,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,479,1,Food,,,"Thick roots combined with salmon roe, boiled and eaten.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 479"
20979,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,55,p52,36,1,Food,,,"Thick roots, tiger lily bulbs and salmon roe boiled and eaten.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36"
21016,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of leaves, strawberry leaves and ginger root used as a vitamin supplement for colds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21017,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Strong decoction of whole plant or stems and leaves taken for colds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
21018,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Infusion of two teaspoons of dried seeds used to 'sweat the cold out.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21019,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,473,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Strong decoction of whole plant or stems and leaves taken for fevers.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
21020,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21021,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,494,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Flowers, leaves and stems dried, brought to a boil and used as a drink.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494"
21022,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Mature fruits, leaves and other plant parts preserved & used all year to make a tea like beverage.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21023,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Young, green fruits used to make tea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21024,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Leaves frozen or canned for future use or dried and used to flavor stews or other dishes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21025,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,"Leaves frozen, canned or dried for future use and used to flavor stews or other dishes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21026,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Green, undeveloped fruits chewed raw.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21027,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,86,Spice,"Green, undeveloped fruits used as a flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21028,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves used as a flavoring in soups and stews.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21029,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,479,1,Food,,,Roots formerly used as food.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 479"
21030,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,483,1,Food,,,Stalks peeled and eaten as celery.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 483"
21031,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,484,1,Food,,,Stalks used for food.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484"
21032,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw or cooked as a potherb.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21033,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks used like celery.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
21034,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Leaves frozen or canned for future use or dried and used to flavor stews and other dishes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21035,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant sometimes used as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
21036,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,33,steed28,503,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Stems used as a scent.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503"
21107,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Flowers sucked for epilepsy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21108,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion of woody part of vine taken in small amounts or used as a bath for children with epilepsy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21109,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion of woody part of vine taken in small amounts or used as a bath for epilepsy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21110,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,"Decoction of chopped, cooked vine stems taken by women who could not become pregnant.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21111,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Vine pieces used under the pillow to induce sound sleep.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21112,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of peeled stems taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
21113,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,5,Dye,108,Black,Stems used as a black dye for bitter cherry.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21114,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Vines used with other plants as building materials. The vines were used with willow withes to reinforce suspension bridges across canyons and rivers.  The vines were also twisted with coyote willow to lash together the framing poles of underground pit houses and to make a pliable ladder on the outside of the pit house, running from the opening down to the ground.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21115,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fiber obtained from stems used as twine.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
21116,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Fiber obtained from stems used as thread.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
21117,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,1,Food,85,Candy,Nectar sucked from flowers by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21118,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,516,1,Food,5,Forage,Flower nectar eaten by bees and humming birds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
21206,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all used for scabs and sores.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21207,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled leaves applied to swellings.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
21208,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,225,Dietary Aid,Decoction of stems and leaves taken as a tonic 'for vitamins.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21209,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,457,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves and twigs used as a liniment.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
21210,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all used for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21211,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,489,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous if more than two or three eaten.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
21212,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all taken for sore throat.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21213,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all taken for bladder trouble.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21214,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by grizzly bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21215,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten, but not commonly exploited as a food source. One informant ate the berries, but was told by her mother not to eat them.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21216,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits occasionally used for food.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
21294,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,33,steed28,472,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472"
21295,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed plant applied to sores.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
21296,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,33,steed28,472,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of crushed, fresh plant applied to sores.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472"
21297,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,33,steed28,472,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pain.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472"
21298,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
21299,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken by women for profuse or prolonged menstruation.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
21300,2282,Luetkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze,259,Thompson,33,steed28,472,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken for profuse or prolonged menstruation.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472"
21347,2301,Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21348,2301,Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,461,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461"