id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
521,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
522,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dead wood used for smoking salmon.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
523,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make dishes and spoons.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
957,38,Achillea millefolium L.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a bath for invalids.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
2580,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,27,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for colds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2581,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,27,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark taken for scrofula sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2582,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,27,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2583,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,27,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for scrofula sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2584,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,27,1,Food,,,Sap taken from the inside of the bark only with the incoming tide and used as food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2585,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,27,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark used to line pots for storing elderberries.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
3087,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruits dried and eaten during the winter.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
3088,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
3089,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,38,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used as the spreader in rigging halibut line.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
9311,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,253,Swinomish,25,g73,41,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of whole plants used as a bath for invalids.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
9312,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,253,Swinomish,25,g73,41,2,Drug,13,Poison,Infusion of plant considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
11292,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,253,Swinomish,25,g73,27,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
13526,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Black roots used for imbrication on coiled baskets.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13527,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,15,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Used to polish arrow shafts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13528,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,15,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten raw.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
14936,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,253,Swinomish,25,g73,36,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36"
15131,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,253,Swinomish,25,g73,40,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Bark used as a laxative.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
15694,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,43,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for coughs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43"
15695,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,43,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for tuberculosis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43"
15696,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,43,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43"
17370,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,33,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make roasting tongs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33"
17371,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,33,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make flounder spears and the prongs of duck spears.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33"
18375,2044,Juncus ensifolius Wikstr.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,23,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
19036,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots used as a foot soak for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
19037,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of leaves used to disinfect the house.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
19038,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for all ailments.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
19039,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of leaves taken as a general tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
20281,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,253,Swinomish,25,g73,25,1,Food,,,Corms steamed and eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25"
21104,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,48,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark or chewed leaf juice taken for colds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
21105,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,48,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a steambath to stimulate lacteal flow.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
21106,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,48,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of bark taken for colds and sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 48"
21679,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,253,Swinomish,25,g73,22,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots used as a wash for invalids.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21680,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,253,Swinomish,25,g73,22,3,Other,32,Containers,Large leaves doubled or rolled and used as cups for drinking or picking berries.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 22"
21866,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,30,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of roots taken as a general tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
21867,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30"
22286,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,38,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for cuts.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
22287,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,38,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for stomach disorders.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
22288,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
24232,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,253,Swinomish,25,g73,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 37"
24952,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,41,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Roots chewed and used as powerful love charms.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41"
29149,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,253,Swinomish,25,g73,13,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Raw plant chewed and eaten for sore throats or tonsillitis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13"
31311,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of needles applied as poultice to the chest to draw out the pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31312,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of root bark taken for colds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31313,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Bud tips chewed for mouth sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31314,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Bud tips chewed for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31315,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of needles taken as a general tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31316,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,5,Dye,150,Brown,Bark boiled and used on fish nets as a light brown dye to make them invisible to the fish.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31317,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used for firewood.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31318,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,253,Swinomish,25,g73,19,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make salmon spears and harpoons.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31544,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,253,Swinomish,25,g73,14,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes roasted, peeled and the starchy centers eaten.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
31545,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,253,Swinomish,25,g73,14,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves placed beneath fish being cleaned and used to wipe the fish.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14"
33498,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,32,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33499,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,32,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33500,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,32,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for venereal disease.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33501,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
33577,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,32,2,Drug,13,Poison,Thorns considered poisonous.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32"
34085,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,253,Swinomish,25,g73,34,1,Food,,,Hips used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34866,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,34,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
34867,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,34,1,Food,,,Sprouts eaten in early spring with half-dried salmon eggs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 34"
35035,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
35036,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,35,1,Food,,,Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35"
36595,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,253,Swinomish,25,g73,47,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47"
36918,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,253,Swinomish,25,g73,47,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47"
39556,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Smooth twigs of plant rubbed on the body to gain strength.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39557,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrows, all harpoon shafts, clubs and dip net frameworks.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39558,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Needles dried, pulverized and used in place of tobacco for smoking.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39559,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make wedges for splitting logs and digging sticks for roots and clams.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39560,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,98,Weapon,Used to make war clubs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
41854,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,28,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
42353,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"