id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
517,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
2576,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,1,Food,,,Sap used for food.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
2577,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Wood used to make canned food dishes, spoons and platters.","Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
2578,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as fuel for smoking salmon.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
3084,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries mashed and dried for winter use.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
3085,207,Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
4655,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used as a tobacco substitute.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
7891,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,40,1,Food,,,Bulbs steamed in an earth oven and eaten.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 40"
10169,1007,Claytonia sibirica L.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant used as a general tonic for sore throats.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
11287,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
11288,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Nuts stored for winter use.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
13491,1428,Equisetum sp.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,1,Food,,,Tender shoots eaten.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
14880,1635,Fragaria sp.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit pulped and dried for winter use.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
14881,1635,Fragaria sp.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
15128,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of bark used as a laxative.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
15689,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves taken as a convalescent tea.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
15690,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit pulped and dried for winter use.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
15691,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
20279,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,40,1,Food,,,Bulbs baked or steamed in an earth oven and eaten.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 40"
21859,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,37,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries pulped, dried and stored in cakes for winter use.","Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 37"
21860,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw or mashed.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
21924,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,37,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries pulped, dried and stored in cakes for winter use.","Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 37"
21925,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw or mashed.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
22126,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
22285,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit ripened in storage and then eaten.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
24229,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
26026,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,40,1,Food,,,Roots steamed in an earth oven and eaten.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 40"
29046,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used to make a demulcent.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
29047,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Plant used to make an expectorant.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
29048,3080,Polypodium virginianum L.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Plant used to make a laxative.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
31499,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,40,1,Food,,,"Roots roasted in ashes, peeled and eaten.","Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 40"
33496,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots boiled for sore throats.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33497,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh and never stored.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33575,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of bark taken by women during childbirth.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33576,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33601,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Bark boiled and used as a cold medicine.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33602,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
33714,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
34080,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of roots and sugar used for sore throats.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
34081,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
34082,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,1,Food,86,Spice,Hips mixed with dried salmon eggs to enhance the flavor.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
34644,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries pulped and dried for winter use.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
34645,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
34861,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
34862,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,,,Tender shoots peeled and eaten in spring and early summer.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
35031,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
35032,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,,,Green sprouts peeled and eaten or cooked in an earth oven.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
35101,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach trouble.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
35102,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries pulped and dried for winter use.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
35103,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
36591,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries steamed, pulped and dried for winter use.","Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
36592,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 37"
36911,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries steamed, pulped and dried for winter use.","Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
36912,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 37"
41847,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Mature shoot fibers used to make cordage.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
41848,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,1,Food,,,Tender shoots cooked and eaten.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
42077,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries pulped, dried and stored for winter use.","Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
42078,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
42349,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for colds.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
42350,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"