id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
188,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
189,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
190,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
191,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
192,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, made into a drink.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
193,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,85,Candy,"Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, chewed.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
295,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Branches used as floor of sweathouse, after swimming to keep feet clean and when butchering a deer.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
296,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Heated branches used to make a warm bed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
297,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
298,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Cones sold for money.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
299,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for a long lasting fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
427,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
951,38,Achillea millefolium L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of flowers and roots taken as a blood purifier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
952,38,Achillea millefolium L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for poison ivy.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
2162,141,Allium cernuum Roth,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,5,Forage,Bulbs eaten by sheep and cattle.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
2163,141,Allium cernuum Roth,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used to flavor dried salmon heated with dried bread on an open fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
2380,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
2381,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Decoction of bark taken to 'sweat everything out.',"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
2382,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark taken for the body.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
2383,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,5,Dye,,,Used for buckskin dye.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
3030,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
3031,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stems of the young plant used for arrows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
3419,258,Angelica arguta Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,86,Spice,Young stems eaten and used to flavor salmon heated with dried bread over an open fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
3420,258,Angelica arguta Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young stems, with a celery flavor, eaten in May.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
3855,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stems used to make bridle ropes, bowstrings and thread for sewing baskets and buckskin.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
3856,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,"Stems used to make bridle ropes, bowstrings and thread for sewing baskets and buckskin.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
4654,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,62,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves roasted until dry, mashed and mixed with tobacco.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62"
4772,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,66,1,Food,,,Roasted roots used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66"
4930,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used for sore eyes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5005,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,6Decoction of plants taken for colds.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5006,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of plants taken for coughs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5007,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of steamed branches applied to bruises and sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5008,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plants taken as a medicine for everything.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5009,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5181,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant used by women at childbirth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5182,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a bath for tiredness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5183,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to keep away sickness and germs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5184,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned to keep away mosquitos.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5294,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned to keep away mosquitos.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5786,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plants inhaled for a bad cold.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5787,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Plant used to fumigate the house and keep germs off.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5788,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to fumigate the house and keep germs off.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
6442,459,Aster sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a wash for pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
6587,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,58,Protection,Used to cover berry baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
6743,521,Aulacomnium sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Moss mixed with clay and used between the logs of a log house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
6744,521,Aulacomnium sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Moss mixed with house plant dirt as a fertilizer to make the plants healthier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
6934,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for poison ivy and running sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
6935,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,1,Food,,,Roots steamed and eaten.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
7271,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
7272,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Gray colored bark used to make baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
7741,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by cattle and sheep.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
7742,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,,,Roots eaten either raw or cooked.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
8453,778,Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,69,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Decoction of roots, stems and leaves used for weak or sore eyes.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69"
8706,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for the flu.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
8707,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Smoke from plant used to kill bedbugs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
9307,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used in bouquets with roses.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
9430,894,Chenopodium album L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled with butter, salt and pepper and used for greens.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
9855,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
10025,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root used for the stomach and body.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
10026,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,1,Food,,,Young roots roasted and eaten.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
11128,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for weak kidneys.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11129,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant used for children for bedwetting.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11130,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Plant used for children for bedwetting.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11131,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11132,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,83,Preservative,Used with narrow leaf cottonwood to smoke salmon.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11133,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,86,Spice,"Scraped wood, tasted like salt, used for barbecuing meat.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11134,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Sticks used to skewer a salmon flat for proper drying.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11135,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Scraped bark used with tobacco.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11285,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
11374,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,66,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66"
12300,1254,Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz ex Walp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used with roses and scattered by small girls in the Corpus Christi ceremony in the church.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
12490,1297,Dicranum sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Moss mixed with clay and used between the logs of a log house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
12491,1297,Dicranum sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Moss mixed with house plant dirt as a fertilizer to make the plants healthier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
13333,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,17,Tools,Used as a file.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
14350,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Roots dried for winter use.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
15023,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,66,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66"
15123,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of bark taken as a laxative.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
15345,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,,,Roasted roots and stems used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
15382,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,,,Root used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
15383,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used to make a bouquet.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
15492,1684,Galium boreale L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
16925,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
16926,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Infusion of roots taken to kill all the internal germs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
16927,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of roots taken for the bladder.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
16928,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,,,Young stems eaten raw.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
16929,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to cover a basket of berries.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
17062,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves and roots taken for diarrhea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
17063,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a wash for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
18507,2054,Juniperus communis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Used in the sweathouse.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
18508,2054,Juniperus communis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of stems and needles taken for any sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19025,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Used in the sweathouse.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19026,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a steam bath for the flu.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19027,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of stems and needles taken for any sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19028,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19029,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used to keep earwigs and bedbugs out of the house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19849,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion or decoction of leaves taken for poison ivy.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
19850,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,62,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Decoction of plants used for blindness, sore eyes and poison ivy.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62"
19851,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,62,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves mixed with tea or mint.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62"
19965,2147,Lesquerella douglasii S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed plants applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
19966,2147,Lesquerella douglasii S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Plant used to produce sweating.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
20052,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,1,Food,,,Roots cooked with service berries.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
20276,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,,,Roasted roots used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
20277,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,233,Shuswap,144,teit28,89,1,Food,,,Roots used extensively for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
20624,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
20625,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of plant used as a bath to 'clean the germs off the body.',"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
20802,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed roots or decoction of mashed roots applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
20803,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,,,Root of the young plant roasted and eaten.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
20965,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,1,Food,86,Spice,Roots used to flavor dried salmon heated with dried bread over an open fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
20966,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,1,Food,,,Roots roasted and eaten.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
21486,2320,Lycopodium annotinum L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Moss mixed with clay and used between the logs of a log house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
21487,2320,Lycopodium annotinum L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Moss mixed with house plant dirt as a fertilizer to make the plants healthier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
21670,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
21671,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
21672,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
21673,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Cold infusion of roots taken for any sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
22015,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a blood tonic.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
22016,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
22125,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of roots taken as a blood purifier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
22522,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Dried plants used for colds.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
22523,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Dried plants used for the heart.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
22540,2428,Medicago sativa L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
22763,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used in tea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
23803,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,69,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Plant used for the bladder.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69"
23804,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,69,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Mixed with kinnikinnick and red willow and smoked at ceremonies.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69"
24118,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed roots applied for sore back pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24119,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of mashed roots applied for rheumatism.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24120,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of mashed roots taken for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24121,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of mashed roots applied for sore back pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24658,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of heated quills applied to cuts, sores and boils.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
24659,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of heated quills applied to swollen throats.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
24660,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,1,Food,,,Stems used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
25896,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,69,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Plant used for the bladder.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69"
26268,2859,Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holz.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of plant taken for a bad cold.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
26398,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used for fish spears and snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
26399,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for fish spears and snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
26400,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,3,Other,106,Soap,Bark soaked in warm water and used for washing the face.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
26431,2879,Phleum pratense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
26989,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
26990,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
26991,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
26992,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27456,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of inner bark taken for coughs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27457,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of inner bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27458,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27915,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Bark used for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27916,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,1,Food,,,Cones used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
28034,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used to remove underarm odors.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28035,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28036,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28037,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used in the sweathouse to hit oneself at the hottest point.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28038,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used as fuel because it cooled quickly and enemies cannot tell how long ago camp was broken.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28039,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Wood used for smoking buckskin.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28476,3001,Plantago major L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed plants applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
28477,3001,Plantago major L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Leaf rubbed on the body to produce sweating.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
28537,3010,Platanthera dilatata var. dilatata,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
29331,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pitch applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
29332,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
29333,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Wood used for smoking buckskin.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
29658,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Branches used by boys to make whistles.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
29930,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
30404,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basket trim.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30405,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30955,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Boiled roots used to make beer.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30956,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried berries used to make wine.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30957,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30958,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,3,Other,26,Paint,Berries mixed with bear grease and used to make paint for painting pictographs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
31197,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used as a sugar like food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
31496,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding in camp.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
31497,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,58,Protection,Used to cover berry baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
33519,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
33571,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Berries used for health and strength.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
33572,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
34074,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems and flowers used to make tea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34075,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,3,Other,58,Protection,Branches broken and left in the house after removal of corpse to keep the disease in the body.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34345,3441,Rubus arcticus ssp. acaulis (Michx.) Focke,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Leaves used for diarrhea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34570,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34643,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34856,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34857,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,3,Other,32,Containers,"Leaves used to cover huckleberries, to prevent them from spilling over when they fall.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
35144,3476,Rudbeckia hirta L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used for sore eyes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
36072,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,1,Food,83,Preservative,Wood used to smoke salmon.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
36073,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Inner bark headbands used by pubescent girls and young men, in ritual isolation and training.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
36074,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Tough, bark strips poked through the roots of dog tooth violet, to hang them for drying.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
37419,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Used for weaving entrance covers, curtains, windbreaks and for drying salmon.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
37880,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of plants taken by young men in training to purge themselves.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37881,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of berries taken for stomach.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37882,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,34,h49,12,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Roots used for tuberculosis.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37883,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,34,h49,12,2,Drug,,,Wood used for drug purposes.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37884,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,27,Beverage,Canned berry juice used as a beverage during haying time.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37885,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Berries canned with sugar, mixed with equal amount of water and whipped into a foam; whipped cream.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37886,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with timber grass, dried, water added and beaten to a foam.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37887,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,34,h49,12,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,Berries used to make a froth similar to ice cream.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
37888,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,34,h49,12,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Decoction or infusion of berries taken during purification rites.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
38143,3703,Sium suave Walt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,2,Drug,13,Poison,White flowers considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
38144,3703,Sium suave Walt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,1,Food,,,"Crispy, delicious roots eaten raw or steamed.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
38405,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant used as a bath for the mother at childbirth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
38725,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots and leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
38726,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots and leaves taken for the stomach.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
39129,3853,Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of berries used as a wash for sore and tired eyes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
39130,3853,Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Stems used to make pipe stems.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
40241,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root shaves woven into baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40242,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Root sold at annual tribal gathering.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40243,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark made into a headband and worn by pubescent girls and young men in ritual isolation.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40244,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Bark used to make necklaces and belts worn by dancers at tribal gatherings.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40624,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used with timothy as a good feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
41075,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
41373,4049,Typha latifolia L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton used for pillows and mattresses.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
41374,4049,Typha latifolia L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used to make mats for bedding, drying berries and for meal times.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
41375,4049,Typha latifolia L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Used to make mats for bedding, drying berries and for meal times.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
41729,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41730,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41731,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41732,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41733,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41910,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41911,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41912,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41913,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41914,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41997,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42076,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42206,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42738,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used to make hair grow on a bald head.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
42739,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
43136,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
43137,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jelly.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
44604,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied to sore legs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
44605,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"