id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
214,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Needle smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
215,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,273,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant burned as ceremonial incense.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273"
216,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied for chest colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
217,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,273,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of plant applied for chest colds.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273"
218,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gummy secretions used on wounds as an antiseptic.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
219,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of needles mixed with grease and applied as a hair tonic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
220,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves mixed with grease and used as hairdressing.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
221,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Needles packed into moccasins as a foot deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
222,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Needles used as a deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
223,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of resin taken as an emetic to clean the insides.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
224,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of leaves applied for fevers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
225,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,273,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of plant applied for fevers.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273"
226,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
227,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Gummy secretions taken for lung troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
228,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Needle smudge smoke inhaled for fainting.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
229,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Infusion of needles taken for coughing up blood, a sign of tuberculosis.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
230,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Needle smudge used to fumigate the patient with tuberculosis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
231,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Needle smudge used to fumigate those faces that were swollen from a form of venereal disease.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
232,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Ground needles used in horse medicine bundles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
233,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of bark given to horses for diarrhea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
234,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Little bags of needles tied on a belt and hung around the horse's neck as a perfume.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
235,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Needle smudge used to fumigate sick horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
236,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
237,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
238,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
239,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,1,Food,85,Candy,Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
240,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Chewed needles sprayed over the Horn ceremonial containers to purify them.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
241,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Needle incense used for transfer ceremonies of Black Spring tipi design & Bear Medicine Hat bundle.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
242,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
243,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used in buckskin bags for delightful odor & mixed with grease to add fragrance to hair oil.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
244,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Needles packed with stored items, saddle pads or burned in a household smudge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
245,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Used for incense, primarily in association with the Medicine Pipe bundles.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
246,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,26,Paint,Needles mixed with dry paint to make it smell better.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
247,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,58,Protection,Needle smudge used for safety's sake during severe thunderstorms.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
439,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of bark taken in the morning as a cathartic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
440,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,86,Spice,"Dried, crushed leaves used to spice stored meat.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
441,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark used to make paint containers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
741,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body to soothe the pain of gastroenteritis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
742,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of plant applied to swellingss.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
743,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed flowers applied to swollen parts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
744,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant applied to sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
745,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of plant taken as a diuretic to pass the sickness with the urine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
746,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves taken to expel the afterbirth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
747,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves taken when labor pains started and to ease the delivery.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
748,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body for liver troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
749,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of plant rubbed on the body part affected by sickness.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
750,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
751,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash for horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
752,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and flowers used to make a pleasant tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
1166,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Roots used for fevers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1167,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1168,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Roots used for acute respiratory infections.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1169,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots used for acute throat  infections.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1178,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Rootstock ground, mixed with tobacco and smoked inhaled for headaches.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1179,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied for cramps.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1180,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to sore chests.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1181,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1182,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to toothaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1183,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant used for barter.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1405,59,Actaea pachypoda Ell.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of root used for colds and coughs.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
1406,59,Actaea pachypoda Ell.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of root used for coughs and colds.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
1446,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1447,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of roots taken for coughs.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1448,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots used to treat horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1466,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of root used for colds and coughs.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
1467,62,Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of root used for coughs and colds.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
2103,141,Allium cernuum Roth,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs and leaves used as flavoring.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2104,141,Allium cernuum Roth,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs and leaves eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2170,142,Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used for flavoring.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
2171,142,Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
2240,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
2241,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of bulbs taken for vomiting and allowed the retention of food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
2242,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Infusion of bulbs, sometimes combined with Monarda, applied to swellings.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
2243,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Bulb smudge used to fumigate the patient for a cold.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
2244,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of bulbs taken for persistent coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
2245,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of bulbs, sometimes combined with Monarda, applied to sores.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
2246,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Infusion of bulbs used for ear infections.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
2247,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of plant and another plant taken and used as a steam to serve as an emetic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
2248,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of bulbs used as an eyewash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
2249,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of bulbs taken for a disease which caused a swollen penis and severe constipation.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
2250,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of bulb taken by nursing mother to pass medicinal properties to the child through the milk.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
2251,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Dried bulb snuff used to open the sinuses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
2252,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Plant smudge smoke inhaled for sinus troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
2253,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Bulb smudge used to fumigate horses with sinus congestion.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
2254,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant pieces and Monarda applied to saddle sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
2255,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used to spice soup made of wheat and marrow.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2256,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs boiled with meat.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2257,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Bulbs preserved for later use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2258,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Bulbs rubbed on quivers as a deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
2259,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,106,Soap,Bulbs and water used to shine arrows.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
2327,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,5,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for scrofula.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"
2328,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,5,5,Dye,193,Orange,Bark boiled and used as an orange dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"
2329,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,5,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5"
2417,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Hot drink made from bark taken for scrofula.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
2418,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for scrofula.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
2419,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,5,Dye,193,Orange,Decoction of inner bark used to make a orange dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
2420,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Decoction of inner bark used to make a red-brown dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
2421,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,"Bark split, covered with raw hide and used to make stirrups.","McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
2902,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of plant and choke cherry cambium taken as a purge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
2903,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Decoction of berry juice used for eardrops.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
2904,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of dried berries or berry juice dripped into the eye and covered with a soft hide piece.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
2905,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Berry juice taken for an upset stomach.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
2906,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Berry juice taken as a mild laxative.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
2907,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant & choke cherry cambium taken by nursing mothers to pass medicinal values to baby.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
2908,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries and buffalo fat used to make a soup eaten as a dessert at feasts.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2909,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries dried and stored, some with backfat, for future use.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2910,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2911,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries and fat stuffed into an intestine, boiled and eaten like a sausage.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2912,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Crushed berries, animal fat and dried meat used to make pemmican.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2913,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried berries used to make sausages.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2914,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,26,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make preserves.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
2915,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries and red osier dogwood berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2916,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,26,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries used to make tasty snacks.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
2917,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,56,Soup,"Crushed leaves mixed with blood, dried and used to make a rich broth in winter.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2918,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried berries used to make soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2919,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,26,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries used in ritual meals.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
2920,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,26,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Berry soup used for most ceremonial events. These ceremonial events included the transfer of a tipi design or the opening of a Medicine Pipe bundle or a Beaver bundle.  The woman prepared the soup from berries, assorted roots, fat and water.  At an appointed time during the ceremony this soup was served to all participants.  The soup was blessed, and an offering of one of the berries was put back into the ground, before eating began.  A few mouthfuls were taken; then the remainder of the soup was given to one or another of the women, who would take it home to her children.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
2921,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,75,Staple,Berries used as a staple food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2922,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Crushed berries mixed with flour for winter storage.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2923,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Dried berries traded for tobacco.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2924,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,26,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Berries, elk manure and tobacco seed planted in small prairie plot in the Tobacco Planting ceremony.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
2925,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Forked sticks used in religious rituals.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2926,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Shoots used to make arrows.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2927,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Berries used in an harvesting game. Favors were asked while presenting a gift of four of the berries.  The receiver was obliged to return the goodwill.  Girls played a game while harvesting the berries.  After some berries had been gathered the girls would sit together and hold their breath while another called out 'tops, tops, tops' at a regular beat.  Each girl put a berry in her bag for every call and the one who held her breath the longest won all the other girls' berries.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
3095,209,Amelanchier arborea var. arborea,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
3096,209,Amelanchier arborea var. arborea,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries used with stews and soups.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
3097,209,Amelanchier arborea var. arborea,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,,,Berries used with meats.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
3345,250,Anemone multifida var. hudsoniana DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274275,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cottony flower burned on hot coals for headache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274275"
3475,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion of roots taken for coughing up blood.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
3476,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed roots applied to swellings.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
3477,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Roots used as a religious power medicine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3478,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of chewed roots applied to rashes, eczema and athlete's foot.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
3479,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,361,Dietary Aid,Infusion of roots given to children with malnutrition.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
3480,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for intestinal ailments.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
3481,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of roots applied to mumps swellings.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
3482,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of roots applied for a disorder characterized by sore groins and underarms.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
3483,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of roots given to children with malnutrition.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
3484,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3485,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots given to horses with nasal gleet.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
3486,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots used as a wash for hoof frogs and infections.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
3487,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Root smudge used to fumigate horses with nasal gleet.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
3488,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Root held in the mouth during Horn Society curse ceremony. Curses were indulged in by the Horn Society as a whole.  In this case a special sweat lodge was constructed.  A human figure representing the condemned man was drawn in the bottom of a pit intended to contain hot stones.  The stones were brought in at a designated time and placed on the drawing to represent the victim's suffering.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3489,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Root pieces attached to the binding of the Spear Staff (with bundle), the head staff. The Spear Staff was used during the secret ceremony of the Horns, in which the chief ceremonialist participated in a fertility rite with the initiate's wife.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3490,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Root used by the Horn Society in the initiation ceremonies. The root was found in the nontransferable initiation bundles.  Having been distributed by the owner of the Spear Staff bundle to the others, down to the owner of the Marten, the root was kept in the mouth and used to bless the initiates.  After the ritual, the root was tied to the paint application sticks, to fortify and replenish the supernatural power inherent in the paint.  The same was done with a wooden scratching pin, which was either worn in the hair or attached to one's garments.  This was done in preparation for the next opening ceremony.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3491,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Root used during the ritual of body painting & tied to headdresses of all members of Pigeon Society.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3492,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Root used in the rites of most age graded societies & in the Natoas Beaver & Medicine Pipe bundles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3493,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Roots used by ceremonialists to bless others with long life and good luck.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3494,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Roots used for collective power in designated societies.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3495,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Roots used for individual power by ceremonialists and diviners.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3496,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Roots tied in small bundle and attached to the tail base or bridle for luck in horse racing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3497,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Roots used by ceremonialists to bless others with long life and good luck.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3498,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Roots used for luck in games of chance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3499,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,181,Malicious Charm,"Juice used to spray on quirt (a rod) to cause other horses to fall behind during a race. A piece of plant was placed in the mouth, and the rider sprayed the quirt with the juice.  This quirt was not used to whip the horse.  When the race began, the rider would try to get on the right side of the other horses; he carried the magic quirt but whipped his horse with a regular one.  At an opportune time the rider threw back the sprayed quirt, causing the other horses to fall behind.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3500,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,181,Malicious Charm,Root held in the mouth to make the other players lazy during the hand game.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3501,261,Angelica dawsonii S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,181,Malicious Charm,Root held in the rider's mouth to cast a spell so that other horses could not pass.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
3619,279,Antennaria rosea Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,1,Food,85,Candy,Leaves chewed by children for the flavor.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
3620,279,Antennaria rosea Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
3776,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash 'to prevent hair falling out.',"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
3777,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of root taken as a laxative.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
4507,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, applied as a salve to itching and peeling scalp.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4508,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, applied as a salve to rashes and skin sores.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4509,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, used as a wash for baby's head.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4510,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of plant used as a mouthwash for cankers and sore gums.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
4511,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, used as a wash for baby's head.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4512,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,27,Beverage,Crushed leaves used to make tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4513,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and later soaked with sugar.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4514,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4515,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or mashed in fat and fried.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
4516,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4517,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for later use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4518,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Dried berries used in rattles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
4519,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,14,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Leaves mixed with tobacco, dried cambium or red osier dogwood and used in all religious bundles.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 14"
4520,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Dried berries strung on necklaces.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
4521,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Heavy fruit set taken by the medicine men as a sign of a severe winter to come.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4522,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Crushed leaves smoked with tobacco.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4523,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves smoked as tobacco.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
4524,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4759,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Root used for diarrhea.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
4760,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to sores and scrapes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
4761,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant soaked in water and the solution taken as an emetic for stomach disorders.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
4762,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Runners used by girls to tie blankets.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
4763,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Runners used to fix leggings in place. The leggings were tied above the knee and then folded over to the ankle, like a boot.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
4987,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of leaves taken to abort difficult pregnancies.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
4988,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Chewed leaf spittle applied to rheumatic parts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
4989,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of dried leaves taken for coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
4990,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves applied to eczema.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4991,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots cleansed and used for scalp infections.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
4992,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of roots used, especially for children, as a hair tonic.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
4993,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sore eyes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
4994,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Fresh leaves chewed for stomach troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
4995,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves chewed by runners for the mentholating properties.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4996,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of roots used, especially for children, as a hair tonic.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
4997,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots used for back sores on horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
4998,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Infusion of roots rubbed on a hide to be tanned.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
4999,388,Artemisia campestris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,3,Other,106,Soap,Infusion of roots cleansed and used for scalp infections.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
5026,392,Artemisia cana Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant used as fall and winter forage for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5224,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5225,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for coughs.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5226,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to wounds to lessen the swelling.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
5227,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of roots or tops taken for 'mountain fever.',"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
5228,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant chewed for heartburn.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
5229,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant tops chewed and liquid swallowed for heartburn.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5230,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant taken by women during menses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5231,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Pad of the plant worn by women during menses to reduce skin irritation.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
5232,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Soft leaves used to stuff a bleeding nostril.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
5233,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of roots and tops taken for mountain fever.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5234,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Crushed leaves used to revive gophers after children clubbed them while playing a game.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5235,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Horses rolled in patches of the plant to treat their wounds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
5236,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Infusion of plant given to horses for coughing, sneezing and to clean the sinuses.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
5237,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,86,Spice,Crushed leaves mixed with stored meat to maintain a good odor.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
5238,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant tied to articles that were sacrificed to the Sun.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
5239,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in religious rituals.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5240,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Infusion of plant used to treat hides.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5241,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Plant stuffed into saddles, women's pillows, hide bags and quivers as a deodorant.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5242,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put on a fire to attract horses that run to the smoke because it kept flies & mosquitoes away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
5243,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put on campfire coals and the smoke repelled the mosquitoes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5244,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,3,Other,143,Paper,Leaves used as toilet paper.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
5245,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,106,Soap,Plant used to clean paint applicators made from broken buffalo shoulder blades.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5246,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,17,Tools,Plant made into balls and used as molds to make rattles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5329,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves put into moccasins as a foot deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
5330,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to blisters and burst boils.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
5331,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Leaves chewed, especially by children, during the sweat for respiratory disorders.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
5332,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for chest constrictions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
5333,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Leaves chewed, especially by children, during the sweat for respiratory disorders.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
5334,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for throat constrictions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
5335,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Infusion of plant given to horses for coughing, sneezing and to clean the sinuses.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
5336,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to cover the floor of the sweat lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
5337,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,85,Candy,Leaves chewed as a confection.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
5338,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Chewed by assistants to the participants during the sweat lodge rituals to relieve thirst. This thirst resulted from taboos against the consumption of liquids.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
5339,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Packed into ceremonial moccasins for storage.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5340,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used as a bed for the Buffalo Stones (Iniskim) during buffalo drive rituals.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5341,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used as the Holy Offering of the All Smoking ceremony and for certain Horn Society rituals.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5342,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used for cleansing in the sweat lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
5343,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to cleanse the body during participation in the All Smoking Ceremony.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5344,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Used to cleanse the headdresses of the Horn Society before transferring to new owners. In the transferral, the headdress was laid on a bed of man sage.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5345,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to cleanse the singers of the All Smoking ceremony.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5346,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to wipe the black paint off the one man who fasted until the Okan center pole was raised.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5347,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to wipe the sweat from their bodies during the sweat lodge ceremonies.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5348,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Worn around wrists and ankles by the Lodge dancers in the Okan (Holy Lodge) of the Sun dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5349,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Used to cleanse a man entered in a horse race.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5350,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Plant stuffed into saddles, women's pillows, hide bags and quivers as a deodorant.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5351,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put on a fire to attract horses that run to the smoke because it kept flies & mosquitoes away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
5352,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,181,Malicious Charm,"Leaves used in defense of the use of yellow angelica by an opponent in the hand game. The loser went to his lodge and asked for a small piece of meat, which he combined with man sage leaves.  Carrying this charm in his pocket, he returned to the gambling place, where he walked abruptly among the participants and took the dice in his hands.  Then he pretended to sing and perform with the dice--all the while secretly rubbing them with the meat and sage mixture.  After he handed back the dice, the man who had been using the yellow angelica would get a headache and grow lazy, losing all he had won.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
5353,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,40,3,Other,181,Malicious Charm,"Stems used as a curse on horses to slacken in races. Short pieces were broken from the stem and a small, flat, white stone was collected.  The man first sprayed the rock with juice from his mouth.  Then the stems were placed on the ground; they represented the other horses.  The stone was sprayed again and shoved toward the stems, without touching them, three times.  At the fourth shove the stone was pressed into the stems.  Horses so cursed were sure to slacken in the race.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40"
5354,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,3,Other,143,Paper,Leaves used as toilet paper.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
5355,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,24,3,Other,58,Protection,Used to cleanse a person afraid of a ghost.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
5511,404,Artemisia sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Bracts and flower heads used in horse medicine bundles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
6371,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed roots applied to swellings.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
6372,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to diarrhea rash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
6373,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to rashes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
6374,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice of chewed roots applied to sore eyes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
6375,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to nursing baby's sore gums.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
6376,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to diarrhea rash and nursing baby's sore gums.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
6377,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
6378,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,56,Soup,Root pieces stored for winter soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6379,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,86,Spice,Plant used to spice soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6380,449,Asclepias viridiflora Raf.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,,,Fresh roots used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6428,459,Aster sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of plant used as an enema for babies with colic or intestinal troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
6429,459,Aster sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant used as an enema for babies with colic or intestinal troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
6430,459,Aster sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant put in the horse's or dog's nostril for nasal disorders.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
6431,459,Aster sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash for a dog's infected eye.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
6432,459,Aster sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,5,Dye,,,Flowers rubbed by children on bouncing arrows for color.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
6433,459,Aster sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,109,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Flowers used to make necklaces.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
6458,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Roots chewed or infusion of root taken for spitting up blood.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
6459,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to cuts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
6460,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Root boiled and the steam used to bathe a child's aching chest.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
6461,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Root boiled and the steam used to bathe a child's aching chest.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
6462,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,75,Staple,Root considered a staple.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6463,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,,,Roots eaten fresh or boiled in blood or broth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6464,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or boiled.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
6472,467,Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or boiled.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
6851,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Root smudge smoke inhaled for body aches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
6852,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to blisters and sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
6853,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used in roasting camas roots.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
6854,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,47,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Roots used as incense during the Planting ceremonies of the Tobacco Society. A horse was encouraged to stand near a smudge of roots.  Then a rider leapt on the horse and galloped across the planting grounds, stopping only to deposit small offerings to the Small People.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
6855,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,47,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Roots used as incense during the preparatory rites for the ceremonial runner. The ceremonial runner, in pre-horse days, had the duty of herding the buffalo toward the piskun (buffalo jump).  The runner bathed himself in the smoke from a smudge of the dried root; according to tradition, that would enable him to run long distances--more than twenty miles a day.  The runner wore special moccasins, which were transferable annually.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
6856,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,47,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Roots used as incense for the Crow feather headpiece during the transfer ceremony of Beaver bundle.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47"
7129,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of flowers and leaves taken when bundle to stop conception fails.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
7130,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Flowers and leaves included in two separate bundles and used to stop conception.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
7131,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wands, sharpened at both ends, used to construct the dome shape of the sweat lodge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
7132,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
7155,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
7611,648,Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as an excellent fall and winter pasture for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
7845,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken to induce labor.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
7846,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of grass taken for vaginal bleeding after birth and to help expel the afterbirth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
7847,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,24,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Roots pit roasted and made into loaves.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24"
7848,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,47,Special Food,Bulbs boiled and given in soup on special events.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
7849,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,14,1,Food,,,Bulbs roasted and eaten.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14"
7850,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,24,1,Food,,,Roots pit roasted and boiled with meat.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24"
7851,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,24,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Roots kept dry and preserved for future use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24"
7895,701,Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,,,Roots baked and eaten.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
8074,745,Carex nebrascensis Dewey,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,5,Forage,Favorite grass of the buffalo.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
8075,745,Carex nebrascensis Dewey,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,1,Food,5,Forage,Leaves thought to be a favorite food of the buffalo.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
8076,745,Carex nebrascensis Dewey,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Grass tied by medicine men to horns of the sacred buffalo head used in the Sun Dance ceremony.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
8077,745,Carex nebrascensis Dewey,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves tied around the horn of the sacred buffalo skull used in ceremonials.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
8078,745,Carex nebrascensis Dewey,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,51,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant tied around the horns of the buffalo head in the Sun Dance.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 51"
8100,752,Carex sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Grass used in moccasins to protect the feet during winter horse stealing expeditions.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
8529,797,Castilleja sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion of plant taken for vaginal bleeding (not menses) and rubbed on the abdomens.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
8530,797,Castilleja sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion of plant taken or chest rubbed when spitting up blood.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
8531,797,Castilleja sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Plant mixed with warm water and taken as a diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
8532,797,Castilleja sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,111,5,Dye,,,Flowers rubbed by children on bouncing arrows for color and shine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 111"
8533,797,Castilleja sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,111,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Flowers used as a yellow dye for arrow feathers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 111"
8534,797,Castilleja sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,111,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Flowers used to shine and waterproof hides.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 111"
9261,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Powdered inner cortex rubbed on the hands and face to protect them from the cold during the winter.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
9262,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of roots and inner cortex given to babies as an enema for constipation.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
9263,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of roots and inner cortex given to babies as an enema for constipation.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
9264,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,,,Fresh roots used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
9265,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Flowers rubbed on rawhide thongs and mittens for waterproofing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
9597,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves used as the favorite smoking tobacco.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
9684,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used in the tobacco mixture.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
10000,971,Cirsium sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,,,Flower head pedicels eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
10126,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers boiled and eaten.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
10270,1020,Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant given to horses as a diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
10271,1020,Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,111,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Leaves used to remove 'ghost bullets,' supernatural objects shot into people by ghosts. The bullets were removed by a diviner either with a sucking tube or through a slit in the skin made with a flint.  Then the leaves were boiled and applied to the place where the bullets were removed.  Fainting was often the result of coming near a ghost and the victim was revived with a smudge of the stem of this plant.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 111"
10272,1020,Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,111,3,Other,58,Protection,Flowers worn by children in their hair at night to keep ghosts away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 111"
10596,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Plant used for chronic diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
10597,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Plant used for childbirth hemorrhage.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
10999,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for chest colds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
11000,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of cambium taken for liver troubles and related disorders.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
11001,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,13,Poison,Chewed berry spittle used on arrow points and musket balls to cause infections in the wound.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
11002,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten ripe.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
11003,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Berries and saskatoon berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
11004,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,14,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant mixed with tobacco, kinnikinnick or dried cambium and used in all religious bundles.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 14"
11005,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried cambium greased, crushed and mixed with smoking tobacco.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
11006,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark used in the tobacco mixture.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
11007,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,111,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Stems used to make pipe stems and tamps.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 111"
11008,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Bark used to cover a circle of split beaver teeth and used as a gambling wheel.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
11009,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,21,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Bark used to cover split beaver teeth for gambling wheels.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21"
11334,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of dried berries taken during the winter as a mild laxative.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
11335,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries used for food. Certain conditions had to be met before the berries were eaten.  Otherwise, they would cause stomach cramps.  The procedure was to offer the tree a gift, for boys a little bow and arrow made from the thorns, for girls a pair of miniature moccasins fashioned from the leaves.  In return, the tree would not allow its berries to 'bite' the stomach.  The gifts were placed on the tree and the berries collected.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
12045,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to fill pillows.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
12046,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves mixed with dried meat as a deodorant and spice.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
12047,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Dry, flaky bark used as tinder when starting a fire with twirling sticks.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
12277,1247,Delphinium bicolor Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of plant given to children with diarrhea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
12278,1247,Delphinium bicolor Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used by women to shine and straighten their hair.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
12279,1247,Delphinium bicolor Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of plant given to children with frothy mouthspells.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
12280,1247,Delphinium bicolor Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of plant given to children with diarrhea, frothy mouth and fainting spells.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
12281,1247,Delphinium bicolor Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of plant given to children with fainting spells.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
12282,1247,Delphinium bicolor Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,5,Dye,55,Blue,Flowers used as a light blue dye for quills.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
12318,1259,Delphinium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
12319,1259,Delphinium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
12644,1323,Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Cooled infusion of leaves used for eye drops.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
12645,1323,Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Infusion of leaves gargled, especially by children, for cankers.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
12646,1323,Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of leaves gargled, especially by children, for cankers.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
12663,1327,Draba incerta Payson,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Plant used to cause abortions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
12664,1327,Draba incerta Payson,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,Infusion of roots taken for nosebleeds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
12747,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed to cause mouth numbness for toothaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
12964,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,85,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Strong decoction of bark and grease used as a salve for children with frostbite.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 85"
12965,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,85,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Strong decoction of bark and grease used as a salve for children with frostbite.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 85"
12966,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make strong rope.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
12967,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,85,Candy,"Peeled berries mixed with grease, stored in a cool place and eaten as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
12968,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Peeled berries used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
12969,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,56,Soup,Peeled berries used to make soups and broths.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
12970,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,3,Other,125,Jewelry,"Seeds cleaned, boiled, threaded, dried, greased and made into necklaces.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
12971,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,56,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Seeds used to make necklaces.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 56"
12972,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,3,Other,106,Soap,Berries used to make soap.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
12973,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Braided bark used to whip stone tops spun by children on the ice during the winter.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
13284,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of stem pieces applied to rash under the arm and in the groin.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
13285,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of fertile stem roots used as a powerful diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
13286,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Powdered stems put in moccasins to avoid foot cramps when traveling long distances.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
13287,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of fertile stem roots given to horses as a diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
13288,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of fertile stem roots rubbed on the groins of horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
13289,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Powdered stems and water given to perk a horse up.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
13290,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,5,Dye,136,Red,Crushed stems used as a light pink dye for porcupine quills.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
13291,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,112,3,Other,106,Soap,Plant used by children to shine their bouncing arrows.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112"
13339,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of foliage used in horse medicine as a drench.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
13340,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of plant used as a horse medicine.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
13341,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,58,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion used as a drench for horse medicine.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58"
13342,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blades boiled to make a drink.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
13637,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant used as a fall and winter forage for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
13769,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Plant used for chronic diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
13770,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Plant used for childbirth hemorrhage.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
14017,1508,Eriogonum flavum Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
14184,1535,Eriogonum umbellatum var. majus Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled to make tea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
14338,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,56,Soup,Bulbs eaten with soup.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
14339,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
14396,1571,Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Fruit eaten in small amounts for diarrhea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
14397,1571,Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Seed inserted into the eye to remove matter.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
14398,1571,Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,85,Candy,Fruit eaten as a confection.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
14399,1571,Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 45"
14400,1571,Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used to play a joke on people by placing it under the covers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
14646,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Plant blackened in a fire and rubbed on rashes, eczema and wart sores.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
14647,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant and marrow taken for stomach disorders like ulcers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
14648,1599,Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Plant pieces used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
14860,1635,Fragaria sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of plant used for diarrhea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
14962,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots used for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
14963,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
14964,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
15369,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,56,Soup,Bulbs eaten with soup.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
15370,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
15409,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,Infusion of plant rubbed on nursing mother's sore nipples.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
15410,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of chewed, powdered roots applied to skin disorders.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
15411,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
15412,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for gastroenteritis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
15413,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,71,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,Infusion of plant used as nosedrops.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 71"
15414,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of flower heads used as a footwash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
15415,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots rubbed on saddle sores and places where the hair was falling out.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
15416,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots used for horses as an eyewash for minor lacerations.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
15417,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,1,Food,56,Soup,Flower heads used to absorb soups and broth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
15418,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Flower heads served as spoons for the sick and invalid.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
15419,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Flower heads rubbed on rawhide bags for waterproofing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
15756,1713,Gentiana affinis Griseb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used for their attractiveness.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
15849,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves and simple sweatbath taken for colds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
15850,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used for sore eyes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
15851,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,18,Other,"Infusion of leaves applied to the head and eaten for large head, from dropsy or severe malnutrition. Two cases were described of a young girl and a woman whose heads became abnormally large, as with dropsy or severe malnutrition.  An infusion of the leaves was applied to the head and consumed, effecting temporary recovery, but both lost their hair and died later.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
15852,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves kept in food storage bags to mask the spoiling of the contents.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
15927,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of plant taken as a general tonic for severe coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
15928,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of roots and grease applied as a salve to sores, rashes, blisters and flesh wounds.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
15929,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots applied to wounds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
15930,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of roots used for sore or swollen eyes.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
15931,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of roots used as a mouthwash for cankers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
15932,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Scraped roots mixed with tobacco and smoked to 'clear the head.',"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
15933,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots used as a mouthwash for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
15934,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,2,Drug,69,Tonic,"Leaves dried, crushed, mixed with other medicines and used as a tonic.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
15935,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots used for bleeding and promoted rapid healing on horse boils and castration wounds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
15936,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Ripe seeds crushed and used as perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
15953,1739,Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,48,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of roots taken to build the blood.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
15954,1739,Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sore and inflamed eyes.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
15955,1739,Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,39,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of root applied to eyes.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 39"
15956,1739,Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,48,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of roots taken for sore eyes.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
15957,1739,Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,57,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Crushed seed pods used for perfume.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 57"
16031,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for chest pains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
16032,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots applied to swellings.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
16033,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of roots taken for coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
16034,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Burs kept in the mouth by buffalo runners to protect against thirst.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
16035,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
16036,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Roots used for horse windgalls.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
16037,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,3,Other,98,Weapon,Burs believed to be shot by ghosts inflicting disease in their victims.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
16205,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of root taken for liver trouble.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
16206,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken for liver troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
16207,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,32,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion taken for the 'liver.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 32"
16257,1781,Grindelia squarrosa var. serrulata (Rydb.) Steyermark,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,45,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of root taken as a liver aid.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 45"
16273,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Roots used in herbal steam for unspecified ailments.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
16274,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Roots placed in boiling water and steam inhaled for respiratory ailments.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
16786,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Infusion of fresh, young stems taken for diarrhea.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
16787,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of young stems applied in the removal of warts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
16788,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots applied to bruises and chronic swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
16789,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,56,Soup,"Stem pieces dipped in blood, stored and used to make soup and broths.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
16790,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,,,Stalks roasted over hot coals and eaten.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
16791,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plant stems peeled and eaten like celery.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
16792,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,50,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stalk placed on altar of Sun Dance ceremonial.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 50"
16793,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stalks placed on the altar of the Sun Dance ceremonial.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
16794,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Hollow stems used by infirm people to suck soup and stew without raising up.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
16795,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Hollow stems used to make children's flutes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
16796,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,113,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Hollow stems used to make children's toy blowguns.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
16969,1856,Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Spread out appearance of grass indicated the best condition for hunting buffalo cows in the fall.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
17048,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,36,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots used for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 36"
17049,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,36,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of roots used as an astringent.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 36"
17075,1870,Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella (Torr. & Gray) Wheelock,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,47,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pounded roots used for sores.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
17076,1870,Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella (Torr. & Gray) Wheelock,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,39,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of root used as an eyewash.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 39"
17077,1870,Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella (Torr. & Gray) Wheelock,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,49,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of mashed, raw root applied to snakebites.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 49"
17078,1870,Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella (Torr. & Gray) Wheelock,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,49,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Poultice of mashed, raw root applied to horses for snakebites.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 49"
17079,1870,Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella (Torr. & Gray) Wheelock,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,47,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Root added to dye baths to set the color in native dress.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
17080,1871,Heuchera flabellifolia Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,36,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles and cramps.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 36"
17096,1875,Heuchera parviflora Bartl.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded root applied to sores and swellings.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
17097,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Pounded, wetted root used for rheumatism.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
17098,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,43,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Pounded, wetted roots used for sores.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
17099,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,39,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of root used as an eyewash.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 39"
17100,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of chewed roots applied to wounds and sores as a styptic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
17101,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of chewed roots applied to wounds as a styptic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
17102,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to cold sores and children's mouth cankers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
17103,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,76,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to cold sores and children's mouth cankers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
17104,1876,Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots given to horses for respiratory troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
17111,1877,Heuchera richardsonii R. Br.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Rootstocks chewed for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
17129,1879,Heuchera sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,36,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant used for saddle sores on horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 36"
17185,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,273274,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant burned as ceremonial incense.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273274"
17186,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Burning leaf smoke inhaled for colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17187,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,28,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burning leaves used for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
17188,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of plant taken for coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
17189,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves and boiled hoof sticky substance used as a hair tonic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
17190,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used as a hairwash and incense.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
17191,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Stems soaked in water and used for chapping and windburn.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
17192,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,273,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used to make a hair tonic.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273"
17193,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Stems soaked in water and used as an eyewash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
17194,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Grass chewed as a means of extended endurance in ceremonies involving prolonged fasting.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17195,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
17196,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of blades taken by men for venereal infections.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
17197,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Leaves used for saddle sores on horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17198,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,51,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Braided plant put up on Sun Dance alters and used in religious services.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 51"
17199,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Grass braids strung on the inside of headbands of the Motokiks headdresses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17200,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Grass braids tied vertically around the base of the Horn Society staffs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17201,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Grass essential to the raising of a fallen dancer or fallen paraphernalia.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17202,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Grass water used to bathe the mother 34 days after giving birth and before returning home.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17203,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,28,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves ceremonially smoked with tobacco.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
17204,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,28,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Smoke from burning grass used to purify Sundance dancers.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
17205,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stems burned and prayers said during every ceremony.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17206,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used in the Sun Dance ceremony and burned on a small altar found in many lodges.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17207,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,28,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used to decorate women's hair.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
17208,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,114,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass packed into saddles to keep them smelling good.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 114"
17209,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass used by everyone as incense during daily prayers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17210,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Grass water used as incense smudge by the mother 34 days after giving birth & before returning home.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17211,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves braided and placed with the clothes or carried in small bags as perfume.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
17212,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves mixed with red ochre to make it smell good.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
17213,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as a hairwash and incense.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
17214,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,9,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Stems bound at the lower end with other stems, braided and used as incense during ceremonies.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9"
17215,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Used as an incense, natural sachet or perfume.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17216,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves soaked in water and used as a hairwash.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17217,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,28,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves soaked in water and used as a hairwash.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28"
18436,2054,Juniperus communis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of berries used for lung diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18437,2054,Juniperus communis L.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,37,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Used for lung diseases.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
18438,2054,Juniperus communis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of berries used for venereal diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18439,2054,Juniperus communis L.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,37,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Used for venereal diseases.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
18583,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,37,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for kidney problems.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37"
18584,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Roots soaked in water and used as a bath on horses for shiny hair.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
18585,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,33,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used to form a carpet for the Holy Lodge dancer of the Sun Dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
18586,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,33,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branch held in the right hand and the wing of an owl in the other by the Okan dancer.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
18587,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,33,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Seven berries, representing the Bunched Stars, used to make headpieces worn by some dancers.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
18588,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,33,3,Other,38,Decorations,Sprigs used symbolically to decorate the altar of the Marten designed tipi.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
18937,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of berries taken for vomiting.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18938,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of berries taken for vomiting.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
18939,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and turpentine rubbed on parts affected by arthritis and rheumatism.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18940,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Leaves boiled, turpentine added, mixture cooled and used for arthritis and rheumatism.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18941,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony, the summer festival of the Blackfoot.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18942,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used on the altar of the sacred woman at the Sun Dance.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
19079,2063,Juniperus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots and poplar leaves applied like a liniment to stiff backs or backaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
19080,2063,Juniperus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used to soothe the face after whiskers were plucked.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
19081,2063,Juniperus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant used as a footwash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
19082,2063,Juniperus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of roots used as a general tonic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
19083,2063,Juniperus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,114,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Greased leaves used to smoke hides yellow.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 114"
19084,2063,Juniperus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,114,3,Other,125,Jewelry,"Dried, smoked berries used to make necklaces, wristlets or clothing decorations.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 114"
20013,2158,Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robins.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried for future use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
20017,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Pounded, dry root chewed for sore throat.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
20018,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,,,Plant boiled and eaten.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
20067,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used for beds in lodges made from sticks when on war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
20068,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,1,Food,5,Forage,Used for grazing during the winter.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
20133,2166,Liatris punctata Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,59,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled roots applied to swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 59"
20134,2166,Liatris punctata Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,59,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 59"
20135,2166,Liatris punctata Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,59,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 59"
20143,2167,Liatris punctata var. punctata,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken for stomachache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20144,2167,Liatris punctata var. punctata,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Boiled root applied to swellings.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20145,2167,Liatris punctata var. punctata,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root taken for stomachache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20146,2167,Liatris punctata var. punctata,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,1,Food,,,Plant eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20295,2188,Lilium philadelphicum L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,56,Soup,Bulbs eaten with soup.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
20296,2188,Lilium philadelphicum L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
20558,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Dried tops burned as incense in ceremonials.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
20559,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots used to make tea.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
20560,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,,,Roots eaten boiled or roasted.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
20561,2216,Lithospermum incisum Lehm.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,50,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant top dried and burned ceremonially.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 50"
20607,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,114,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stems used by children to make head pieces for playing and mimicking the affairs of the Holy Woman.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 114"
20813,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Pulverized root burned as incense.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20814,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,247,Dietary Aid,Root used to make a drink taken as a tonic to help weakened people gain weight.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20815,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used to make a drink taken as a tonic for 'people in a weakened condition.',"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20816,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Root used to make a drink taken as a tonic for 'people in a weakened condition.',"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20817,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Root smoke inhaled by horses for distemper.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20818,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Plant mixed with brains and used in soft tanning.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
20941,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,26,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Infusion of roots taken for weakness.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26"
20942,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,26,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Smoke from burning roots or decoction of roots inhaled by horses for distemper.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26"
21050,2251,Lomatium simplex var. leptophyllum (Hook.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or roasted.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
21057,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Chewed roots blown onto affected part by the diviner. The healing qualities of the spray were believed to penetrate the body at that place.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
21058,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of roots and leaves taken for chest troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
21059,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Fruit chewed by long distance runners to avoid sideaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
21060,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,,,Flowers used to make pemmican.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
21061,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or roasted.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
21062,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Fruits stuffed into a porcupine foot and tied on a young girl's hair as a good luck charm.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
21063,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Fruits used during the tanning process of animal pelts to keep them from smelling.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
21154,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of berries used as a cathartic and emetic to cleanse the body.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
21155,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of berries used as a cathartic and emetic to cleanse the body.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
21156,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of berries used for stomach troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
21157,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of berries used for chest troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
21240,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,45,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in ceremonial rites of the Native American Church.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 45"
21363,2306,Lupinus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant taken for indigestion and gas.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
21364,2306,Lupinus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of roots taken and rubbed on mumps.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
21365,2306,Lupinus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of plant taken for hiccups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
21366,2306,Lupinus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Infusion of leaves applied to wounds caused by small biting flies, especially on the chest & udder.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
21367,2306,Lupinus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Leaves chewed by ceremonialist, to reinforce his powers, before he undertook any face painting.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
21368,2306,Lupinus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as incense in the Ghost Dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
21475,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Spores mixed with water and taken for internal hemorrhage.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
21476,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Plant pieces held to the nose for nosebleeds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
21477,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of spores applied to wounds as a styptic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
21478,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant pieces applied as a styptic on castration wounds and other cuts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
21479,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Puffballs figured into religious life. Puffballs were thought to be stars that had fallen to earth during supernatural events.  There was a story about the woman who married Morning Star and had a child by this supernatural being.  When she returned to earth with the Natoas bundles and her child, she was directed by the star personage to keep her baby from touching the ground for fourteen days.  She managed all right until the day she went for wood and left the child in the care of a grandmother.  The grandmother was careless and the baby touched the ground.  It turned into a large puffball and returned to the heavens as the Fixed Star (North Star), plugging the hole left by the woman when she pulled out the Holy Turnip.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
21480,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used in the Firelighters bundle of the Horn Society for use as punk to light a fire easily.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
21481,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,167,Designs,"Small, painted circles at the base of the tipi represented puffballs to insure fire to those within.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
21482,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Puffballs used as incense to keep ghosts away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
21499,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Spores applied as an antiseptic dust on wounds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21500,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Spores snuffed for nosebleed.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21501,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of plant used for lung diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21502,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of plant used for venereal diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21503,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Whole plant used as a mordant to set certain dyes.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21529,2329,Lycopus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant compounded with other plants and used for children's colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
21530,2329,Lycopus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant compounded with other plants and used for children's colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
21549,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of stems taken for burning coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
21550,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of stems mixed with grease and applied as a hair tonic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
21551,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of powdered galls taken as a diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
21552,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for heartburn.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
21553,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,61,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken for symptoms resembling heartburn caused by pregnancy.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
21554,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
21555,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Crushed stems used as foot pads in moccasins.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
21556,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant used as a general tonic for children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
21557,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of plant used as a general tonic for children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
21558,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant given to horses with coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
21559,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant rubbed on saddle sores and leg wounds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
21560,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Stems used to waterproof newly tanned buffalo hides.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
21822,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of root used for hemorrhages.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
21823,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root used for stomach trouble.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
21943,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,45,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of roots used for hemorrhages.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 45"
21944,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots applied to boils.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
21945,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of fresh berries applied to boils.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
21946,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Infusion of roots applied as an antiseptic to wounds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
21947,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,45,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots used for stomach trouble.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 45"
21948,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of berries used for kidney troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
21949,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Berries mixed with water and given to horses with coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
21950,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,88,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion or roots used for body sores on horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88"
21951,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
21952,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten when nothing else was available.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
21953,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
22472,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of plant and flowers used for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
22473,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Blossoms dried and used for perfume.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
22474,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Dried blossoms used as an insect repellant.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
22597,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves chewed and swallowed for chest pains.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
22598,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Dried leaves chewed and swallowed for heart ailments.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
22599,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried plant used to make tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
22600,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
22601,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,86,Spice,Dried plant used to spice pemmican and soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
22602,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves placed in parfleches to flavor dried meat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
22603,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant boiled with traps to destroy the human scent.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
23187,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of plant taken for coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
23188,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of a flower head applied to a burst boil and removed after the wound healed.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
23189,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant pieces applied to cuts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
23190,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of plant and another plant taken and used as a steam to serve as an emetic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
23191,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,70,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Used to make a solution for sore eyes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70"
23192,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for aching kidneys.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
23193,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for swollen neck glands.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
23194,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dried flowerheads used by invalids for sucking broth and soup.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
23195,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,17,Tools,Dried flowerheads used to apply water to a green hide to make it easier to scrape the hide.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
23262,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Flowers dried and used as a perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
23283,2506,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. mollis (L.) Benth.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of blossoms used as an eyewash to allay inflammation.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
23322,2509,Monarda sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant pieces and Allium applied to saddle sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
23523,2542,Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Roots used as a horse medicine.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
23524,2542,Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
23551,2549,Musineon divaricatum var. divaricatum,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
23743,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,52,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for smoking.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 52"
23868,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,14,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Leaves mixed with kinnikinnick, dried cambium or red osier dogwood & used in all religious bundles.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 14"
23869,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,14,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plants planted, harvested ceremonially and smoked as an important part of every ritual.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 14"
23870,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,14,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves used for ritual smoking. Ritual smoking was begun by an orderly, who filled the pipe and passed it, unlit, to the man sitting next to the officiating ceremonialist.  This man had the favored position because of his wealth in bundle ownership.  He drew on the unlit pipe four times and then passed it back to the orderly, who lit the pipe and gave it to the man next to the distinguished bundle owner.  This man drew on the pipe four times (not inhaling) and blew the smoke upward.  Then the pipe was passed sunwise (clockwise) to each participant until it reached the door of the tipi, whence it was returned to the orderly.  The pipe was not passed across the door to the other side of the lodge, where women and children were seated.  If the pipe went out during the smoke, it was given to the orderly, who cleaned and refilled it.  The manner in which the participant received the pipe varied according to bundle ownership.  Thus, a Medicine Pipe bundle owner would grasp the pipe roughly with both hands half clenched, imitating the actions of a bear.  A ceremony in which smoking had special significance was the Big Smoke, or All Smoking, ceremony.  This ceremony was confined to ceremonialists, diviners, and bundle owners.  They gathered for the single purpose of recounting their prestigious and wealthy positions in the tribe.  The Big Smoke commenced at sundown and continued until day break, and there was continuous use of many pipes.  Four songs were allowed to be sung for each bundle owned; participants would often qualify for sixteen songs or more.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 14"
24283,2616,Oenothera caespitosa Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Wet poultice of crushed roots applied to sores and swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
24290,2617,Oenothera caespitosa ssp. caespitosa,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded root applied to inflammed sores and swellings.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
24291,2617,Oenothera caespitosa ssp. caespitosa,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,44,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pounded, wetted root applied to inflammed sores.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 44"
24901,2682,Orobanche fasciculata Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Chewed root blown onto wounds by medicine men.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
24913,2683,Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant chewed by medicine men and blown upon wounds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
24920,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,5,Dye,136,Red,"Leaves crushed and pressed firmly into skins, horsehair and feathers as a red dye.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
24921,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,5,Dye,136,Red,Plant pounded and pressed firmly into the gopher skin as a red dye.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
24922,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,"Whole, blooming plant pressed firmly into skins, horsehair and feathers as a reddish tan dye.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
24934,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Hot drink containing root taken for colds.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
24935,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Hot drink containing root taken for tickling in throat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
24936,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant given to mares to put them in good foaling condition.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
24937,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,49,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Roots placed in mares' mouth and chewed to put them in good condition for foaling.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 49"
24938,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Whole plant fed to mares in the winter to put them into condition for foaling.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
24987,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,Infusion of roots applied to swollen breasts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
24988,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of plant taken for coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
24989,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots applied to sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
24990,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of roots used for eye troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
24991,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,61,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of roots taken by women to induce labor.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
24992,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Roots used by women as a feminine deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
24993,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,Infusion of roots used for nose troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
24994,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,5,Dye,,,Stems mixed with ochre and applied to robes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
24995,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,85,Candy,"Root chewed, especially during the winter, as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
24996,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Infusion of roots used to sweetened diapers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
24997,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Root pieces kept in quivers and clothing as a deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
25237,2717,Oxytropis lagopus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant chewed to allay swelling.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
25238,2717,Oxytropis lagopus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throat and swelling.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
25239,2717,Oxytropis lagopus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
25252,2722,Oxytropis sericea Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves applied to sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
25253,2722,Oxytropis sericea Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Infusion of leaves used for ear troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
25254,2722,Oxytropis sericea Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,115,3,Other,125,Jewelry,"Stems used by children to make headdresses. The headdresses were worn during a single-file dance to different spots while singing a song.  The seeds would rattle in their pods.  Then the leader would suddenly stop and look behind him while the others dropped to the ground.  The leader struck whoever remained standing with a smoking stick which he carried.  Then he took some of the seeds of the plant, chewed them and applied the mixture to the burn.  Shortly, the irritation stopped and the game continued with changing leaders.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115"
25256,2723,Oxytropis sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,40,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 40"
25257,2723,Oxytropis sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,40,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and liquid swallowed for sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 40"
25701,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed roots applied to sprains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
25702,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Chewed root spittle used for earaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
25703,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Chewed root spittle applied to the eye to remove matter.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
25704,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Chewed roots blown into a baby's rectum for colic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
25705,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of dried roots taken for gastroenteritis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
25706,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,41,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots chewed by children for bowel complaints.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 41"
25707,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to fractures.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
25708,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Chewed roots blown into a baby's rectum for colic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
25709,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of roots taken for chest troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
25710,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of dried roots taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
25711,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed for sore throat.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
25712,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed by teething children.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 41"
25713,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,2,Drug,,,Root pieces dried and attached to clothing and robes as ornamentation and medicine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
25714,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Peeled roots dried and added to winter supplies.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
25715,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,,,Peeled roots eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
25716,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,3,Other,38,Decorations,Root pieces dried and attached to clothing and robes as ornamentation and medicine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
25808,2798,Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. ex Lindl.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
25809,2798,Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. ex Lindl.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of plant taken for vomiting.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
25810,2798,Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. ex Lindl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of leaves taken for vomiting.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
25811,2798,Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. ex Lindl.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for cramps and stomach pain.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
25988,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots taken to counteract cathartic and emetic effects of another infusion.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
25989,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of roots taken to counteract cathartic and emetic effects of another infusion.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
25990,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,Infusion of roots used to massage sore breasts with warm stones.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
25991,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of roots or roots chewed for coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
25992,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Root smudge smoke inhaled for nagging coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
25993,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots applied to sores and wounds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
25994,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of roots taken as a diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
25995,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Roots eaten in quantity as a diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
25996,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Roots eaten in quantity as a mild laxative.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
25997,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Chewed roots sprayed onto affected part by the diviner. A diviner, like Dog Child, would find the root mysteriously during the rituals.  While he sang, often with a drum, he would dig the ground with a special bear claw, coming up with the root every time and anywhere.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
25998,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of roots used as a nostril wash for catarrh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
25999,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Roots chewed by buffalo runners to extend their endurance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
26000,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,72,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots or roots chewed for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72"
26001,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots given to horses as a diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
26002,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of roots used for horses with nasal gleet.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
26003,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Roots chewed by lazy horses to enliven them.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
26004,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Roots eaten as snacks by children while playing on the prairie.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26005,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,56,Soup,Roots stored for use in soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26006,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,75,Staple,Root considered a staple.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26007,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,103,1,Food,,,Roots eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103"
26008,2831,Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Plant rubbed on arrows for shine and waterproofing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
26027,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used to draw inflammation from swellings.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26028,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used for sore throat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26029,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,1,Food,86,Spice,Used to flavor stews.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26030,2832,Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten raw or boiled as a vegetable.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26448,2883,Phlox hoodii Richards.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of plant given to children as a mild laxative.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
26449,2883,Phlox hoodii Richards.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant given to children as a mild laxative.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
26450,2883,Phlox hoodii Richards.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of plant taken for chest pains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
26451,2883,Phlox hoodii Richards.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Plant used to make a yellow dye.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
26571,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of whole plant taken as an emetic.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
26733,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,61,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Infusion of plant taken in small amounts to abort.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
26734,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant chewed for cramps and stomach trouble.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26735,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
26736,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots applied to aching parts of the body.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
26737,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Strong infusion of plant used as a liniment on sprains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
26738,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant applied to wounds to heal with less irritation.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
26739,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used to allay swelling.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26740,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Weak decoction of leaf used on newborn's umbilical.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
26741,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Weak decoction of plant used for diaper rash.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
26742,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,2,Drug,254,Dietary Aid,Decoction of plant taken slowly to gradually expand the stomach until food was eaten without pain. This decoction was used by a person who had not eaten for a long time.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
26743,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as drops for ear infections.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
26744,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,81,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as drops for bloodshot eyes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81"
26745,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,38,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach trouble.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
26746,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant chewed for cramps and stomach troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
26747,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Plant chewed for cramps, stomach trouble and sore throat.","McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26748,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Strong infusion of plant used as a liniment on dislocations.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
26749,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Weak decoction of leaf used on newborn's umbilical.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
26750,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,38,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for sore throat.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 38"
26751,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
26752,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
26753,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,77,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaf clenched between the teeth for toothache.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 77"
26754,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
26755,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant applied as a liniment to the shoulders of work and wagon horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
26756,2925,Physaria didymocarpa var. lanata A. Nels.,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,47,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant chewed for stomach troubles.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
26757,2925,Physaria didymocarpa var. lanata A. Nels.,23,Blackfoot,139,n66,47,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47"
27389,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Infusion of pitch taken for tubercular coughs. Here is a fine example of the origin and use of a 'personal medicine' which was later expanded to include general therapeutic practice.  There was once a woman named Last Calf who was riddled with tuberculosis.  While she and her husband were camped near a beaver lodge, she noticed the animal's tracks in the mud and left some food for it.  The beaver took the gift and returned the favor by appearing to her in a vision.  He gave her a cure for tuberculosis.  She was to collect the pitch of the lodgepole pine, boil it in water and drink the infusion while uttering a special song.  (The song had no words.)  Last Calf's husband was alarmed at this treatment and cautioned her against poisoning but she went ahead and drank the brew.  She said she felt as though she were going to die and began vomiting profusely.  She drank again with the same result, but the next morning her chest was cleared as never before.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
27390,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make travois and tipi poles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27391,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make back rest poles and bed supports. The back rest poles were cut about five forearms in length and dried over a fire of rotten logs.  One end of the pole was perforated and the other end sharpened.  Then a stick was inserted through the hole and the pole etched.  Later it was painted red and blue with buffalo shoulder blade applicators.  Back rest poles were often notched to record the number of camp moves.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27392,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch chewed like gum.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
27393,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Wood burls scraped with a rough stone, grease applied to prevent cracking and made into a bowl.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27394,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Resin boiled with buffalo phallus and used as a glue for headdresses and bows.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27395,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Sticks notched to act as fasteners on designated food storage bags.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27396,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Used to make wind chimes and presented to newly married couples.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27397,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make story sticks. Story sticks were prepared by older men and presented to children in return for favors.  The sticks were notched to count the number of stories that the man would tell the child.  They were often varnished with a solution of boiled hoof and steer phallus and sometimes red ochre was added.  Then the stick was polished with a piece of rawhide.  Story sticks were sometimes used to hang tipi doors.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27398,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,116,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Resin boiled with buffalo phallus and applied to moccasins for waterproofing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 116"
27500,2955,Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make tipi frames.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
27930,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
27931,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,3,Other,17,Tools,Twigs used as twirling sticks in fire making.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
28772,3046,Polygala senega L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,42,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Decoction of roots used for respiratory diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 42"
28912,3060,Polygonum bistortoides Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,1,Food,56,Soup,Roots used in soups and stews.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
28913,3060,Polygonum bistortoides Pursh,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,1,Food,56,Soup,Roots used in soups and stews.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
29055,3083,Polyporus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of plant taken for diarrhea and dysentery.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
29056,3083,Polyporus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used in the Firelighters bundle of the Horn Society for use as punk to light a fire easily.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
29057,3083,Polyporus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Used as incense to keep ghosts away.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38"
29271,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,68,1,Food,,,Inner bark and sap used for food.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29272,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,68,3,Other,58,Protection,Sap used to conceal human scent when stealing enemy horses.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29354,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,68,1,Food,,,Inner bark and sap used for food.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29355,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,68,3,Other,58,Protection,Sap used to conceal human scent when stealing enemy horses.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29508,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves and juniper roots applied like a liniment to stiff backs or backaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
29509,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,67,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of bark taken for liver troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
29510,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to complete the building of the lodge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
29511,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make the centerpoles of the ceremonial lodges.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
29512,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark fed to horses during war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29513,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Inner bark used as punk in the ceremonial lighting of pipes.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29514,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pole used as Sun Dance ceremony centerpiece to symbolize the axis between people and world beyond.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29515,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,29,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used to make head wreaths by the Motokiks.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
29516,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,37,Fuel,Branches used for firewood.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29517,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Sap rubbed on the bodies of horse thieves to disguise the human scent.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29518,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,179,Preservative,Branches used for drying meat.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29572,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of bark used for heart burn.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
29573,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,61,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of bark scrapings taken by women about to give birth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
29574,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,83,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of bark used for general discomfort.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83"
29575,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark fed to horses during the winter.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29576,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,89,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark made an excellent winter food for horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
29577,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Cambium used as a snack food by children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
29578,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,47,Special Food,Bark sucked by anyone observing a liquid taboo.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
29579,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,,,Cambium used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
29580,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,1,Food,,,Inner bark eaten in the spring.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29581,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Bark or moistened leaves used to make whistles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
29922,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Fresh seed used to clear matter from the eye. A fresh seed was inserted and the closed eye rubbed until the seed was watered out with the matter clinging to it.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
29923,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Seeds placed in the eye overnight and infusion of bark used as an eyewash for snowblindness.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
29924,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
29925,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
29926,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102"
30172,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant applied to neck sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
30173,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used to wash a burst boil.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
30174,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash to keep the eyes moist on cold or windy days.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
30175,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,90,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash for horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 90"
30176,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,90,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant used for saddle and back sores on horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 90"
30710,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Berry juice used for diarrhea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
30711,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of cambium and saskatoon taken as a purge.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
30712,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of cambium and saskatoon taken by nursing mothers to pass medicinal qualities to baby.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
30713,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Berry juice used for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
30714,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Straight branches used to make back rests.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
30715,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice given as a special drink to husbands or the favorite child.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30716,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries greased, sun dried and stored for future use.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30717,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Crushed berries, mixed with backfat and used to make pemmican.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30718,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,56,Soup,"Crushed berries, mixed with backfat and used to make soup.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30719,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,26,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Berry soup used for most ceremonial events. These ceremonial events included the transfer of a tipi design or the opening of a Medicine Pipe bundle or a Beaver bundle.  The woman prepared the soup from berries, assorted roots, fat and water.  At an appointed time during the ceremony this soup was served to all participants.  The soup was blessed, and an offering of one of the berries was put back into the ground, before eating began.  A few mouthfuls were taken; then the remainder of the soup was given to one or another of the women, who would take it home to her children.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26"
30720,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,86,Spice,Peeled sticks inserted into roasting meat as a spice.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30721,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,75,Staple,Berries considered a staple.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30722,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,3,Other,32,Containers,Hard wood used to make incense tongs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
30723,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Hard wood used to make roasting skewers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
30724,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,3,Other,17,Tools,Sticks used to dig roots.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
30871,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,2,Drug,,,"Decoction of bark & roots of western sweet cicely, northern valerian & horehound taken internally.","McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
30872,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
30873,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries pounded, mixed with meat and eaten.","McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
30874,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,277,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries used for soups.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
31147,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
31593,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Plant used to cause abortions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
31594,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Ripe seed head 'cotton' burned on hot coals and the smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
31595,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to affected parts as a counterirritant.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
31596,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken to speed delivery.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
31597,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves acted as a vesicant and given to unsuspecting people as toilet paper as a prank.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
31614,3226,Pulsatilla sp.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied for rheumatism.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
31799,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of flowers given to children with coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
31800,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,84,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to wounds.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 84"
31801,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of leaves and/or roots taken as a diuretic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
31802,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Poultice of chewed roots applied to ear disorders.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
31803,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice of chewed roots applied to eye disorders.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
31804,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,61,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves and roots taken to expel the afterbirth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
31805,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of leaves taken as a laxative.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
31806,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of flowers given to children with coughs.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
31807,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots applied to swollen neck glands.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
31808,3243,Pyrola sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,73,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root pieces used for throat lozenges.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73"
33090,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,42,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Dried berries ground and dusted onto smallpox pustules.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 42"
33311,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken by women for uterine troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
33312,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken for kidney ailments.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
33341,3359,Ribes aureum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,119,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119"
33647,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
33648,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,104,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries added to soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104"
33649,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Berries used by children to play a game. The children sat in a circle and began counting to ten, each child counting one number around the circle.  The tenth child would take five berries and eat them at once, trying his best not to show a bitter face.  If he was successful, the child next to him would do the same and this would continue until one grimaced at the sour taste.  He was then struck on the thigh with a knuckle punch, thus giving the name 'punctured berry' to the plant.  The child who never grimaced won all the others' berry supplies.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
33722,3396,Ribes sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Berries eaten as a mild laxative.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
33929,3418,Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W.H. Lewis,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Root used to make a drink given to children for diarrhea.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
33930,3418,Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W.H. Lewis,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Root used to make a drink given to children for diarrhea.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
33931,3418,Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W.H. Lewis,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
34034,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,22,1,Food,52,Fruit,Raw berries used for food.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
34035,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
34102,3428,Rosa nutkana var. hispida Fern.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,22,1,Food,52,Fruit,Raw berries used for food.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
34103,3428,Rosa nutkana var. hispida Fern.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 22"
34145,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots used for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
34146,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,62,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of stems or root bark taken for diarrhea.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 62"
34147,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,62,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of stems or root bark taken for stomach maladies.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 62"
34148,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Crushed rose hips used to make pemmican.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
34149,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh or roasted.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
34150,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Dried fruits, hanging on the bushes in the winter, used as a famine food.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
34151,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Fruits used to make necklaces.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
34777,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Berries given by diviners to patients to eat for chest disorders.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
34778,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,5,Dye,,,Berries used to dye tanned robes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
34779,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe fruit used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
34780,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,3,Other,58,Protection,Berries applied to quivers to strengthen them.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
35230,3485,Rumex crispus L.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Mashed root pulp used for swellings.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
35231,3485,Rumex crispus L.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,43,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Mashed root pulp used for sores.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 43"
35448,3494,Rumex salicifolius Weinm.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Boiled root used for many complaints, generally for swellings.","McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
35464,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
35465,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plant used for many complaints.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
35761,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of new twigs taken as a painkiller.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
35762,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of new twigs taken for fevers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
35763,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,5,Dye,136,Red,Spring buds used to make a red dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
35788,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,30,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make the framework of the sweat lodges.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 30"
36019,3544,Salix prolixa Anderss.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make ceremonial sticks.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36116,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of plant used to counteract the laxative effect of the choke cherry infusion.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
36117,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,"Infusion of fresh, crushed roots used for internal hemorrhage.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
36118,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, crushed roots soaked in water & grease used as a tonic for dandruff & straightened the hair.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
36119,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots mixed with kidney fat and applied to head sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
36120,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of roots used for bloodshot or troublesome eyes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
36121,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of fresh, crushed roots used for 'waist troubles.'","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
36122,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots swallowed for throat constrictions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
36123,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,90,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Chewed roots spat into the horse's eye for cloudiness and bloodshot.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 90"
36124,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to make sweatlodge frames.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
36125,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Branches used to construct the many different sweat lodges. The Horn Society sweat lodge was constructed of fourteen willows.  The Holy Woman's sweat lodge in the Sun Dance was made of one hundred willows, which had been gathered by members of the Pigeon Society.  The Motokiks Society (a woman's society) constructed its lodge with twelve willows.  Medicine Pipes had fourteen.  The used frame of a sweat lodge was left on the prairie.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36126,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Sticks used as lodgepoles for small hunting tipis.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36127,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wands, sharpened at both ends, used to construct the dome shape of the sweat lodge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36128,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make the circular frames for bull boats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36129,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Boughs used to make back rest slats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
36130,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Sticks used to make backrests, part of the furniture of the tipi.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36131,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,,,Peeled galls used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
36132,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,,,Scraped cambium eaten especially by children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
36133,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,3,Other,32,Containers,"Wood used to make the top and bottom hoop of buckets, basins and other containers.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36134,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wood used to make tipi pegs and pins.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36135,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Gall pitch used for incense during the annual ceremonies of the Motokiks and Kaispa Societies.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36136,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Branch with loosened bark used as a buzzing whistle.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
37646,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion of plant taken for spitting up blood.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
37647,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,61,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant used to induce labor and expel the afterbirth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61"
37648,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant eaten by a starving man for its doping effect and to make one feel unusually strong.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
37649,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,90,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Powdered roots applied to the mouth of racehorses to make them hyperactive.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 90"
37650,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,86,Spice,Dried plant used to spice meat.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
37651,3638,Selaginella densa Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Very bitter berries eaten only through necessity and never stored.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
37766,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Berries eaten for stomach troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
37767,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Berries eaten as a mild laxative.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
37768,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,5,Dye,136,Red,Berries used to make a red dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
37769,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by buffalo.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
37810,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Bitter berries eaten in lean times.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
38335,3728,Solanum triflorum Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of berries given to children for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
38336,3728,Solanum triflorum Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of berries given to children for diarrhea.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
38337,3728,Solanum triflorum Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of berries given to children for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
38338,3728,Solanum triflorum Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of berries given to children for diarrhea.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
38465,3744,Solidago sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,Infusion of plant taken for nasal congestion.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
38466,3744,Solidago sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,"Root chewed for sore throats, throat constrictions or nasal congestion.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
38467,3744,Solidago sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of plant used by the diviner with his supernatural powers for illnesses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
38468,3744,Solidago sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats and throat constrictions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
38749,3796,Spiraea splendens var. splendens,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of root used as an enema.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
38750,3796,Spiraea splendens var. splendens,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for venereal complaints.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
38751,3796,Spiraea splendens var. splendens,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Flowering stems used as paint brushes, especially on the large spaces of tipis.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
39034,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,59,3,Other,26,Paint,Green twigs burned and smoke used to blacken newly made pipes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 59"
39131,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,55,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of berries given to horses for water retention.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 55"
39132,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,55,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Fruits eaten in times of scarcity.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 55"
39133,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,55,3,Other,37,Fuel,Green twigs used to make a fire to blacken the surface of newly made pipes.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 55"
39722,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,125,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Powdered fruits mixed with water and used as cosmetic on the hair and body.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 125"
39723,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of seeds used for chest pains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
39724,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,86,Spice,"Fruit used to spice pemmican, dried meat and broths.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
39725,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Berries dried and placed in small buckskin bags for perfume.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
39726,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Fruits kept as a household and clothing deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
39727,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds and leaves kept for the pleasant smell.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
39728,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Seeds and leaves placed among clothing or other possessions as an insect repellant.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
39729,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,3,Other,26,Paint,Fruits often crushed and mixed with paint for a robe.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
39739,3927,Thalictrum sp.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,57,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Dried, whole plant used for perfume.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 57"
39743,3928,Thalictrum sparsiflorum Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Dried leaves ground into powder and given to horses to make them long winded, spirited and enduring.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
39822,3945,Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Yellow petals rubbed on arrow shafts for coloring.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
39823,3945,Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flowering signaled the time to collect buffalo tongues in preparation for the Sun Dance.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
39824,3945,Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,41,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flowers indicated the prime buffalo hunting season.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 41"
40421,3968,Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots given to tired horses to relieve them.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
40683,4017,Triglochin maritima L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,19,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves known to be poisonous to stock.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 19"
41183,4049,Typha latifolia L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Down used as diapers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 19"
41184,4049,Typha latifolia L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,19,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 19"
42487,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42488,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Hot drink made from root taken for stomach trouble.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
42489,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,45,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for stomach trouble.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 45"
42490,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots given to horses for colic or distemper.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42518,4094,Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Raw roots considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42536,4095,Valeriana sitchensis Bong.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42626,4103,Veratrum californicum var. californicum,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Small piece of root snuffed up nose for headache.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
42627,4103,Veratrum californicum var. californicum,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,275,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root poisonous to eat.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
42628,4103,Veratrum californicum var. californicum,23,Blackfoot,111,m90,62,3,Other,203,Snuff,"Pounded, dry root used for snuff.","Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 62"
42646,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poisonous roots dried, crushed and snuffed for headaches.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
42647,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant taken for indigestion.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
42648,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,118,Nose Medicine,Stems scraped and the powder snuffed to induce sneezing.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
42649,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves chewed by children for drooling.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
42650,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous roots ingested for suicide.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
42651,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,56,Soup,Leaves used to make soups.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
43242,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots and leaves applied to sore and swollen joints.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
43243,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of leaves and roots given to asthmatic children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
43244,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of leaves and roots given to asthmatic children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
43245,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,5,Dye,55,Blue,Plant used to dye arrows blue.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
43708,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to wounds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43709,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Grated roots used for bleeding.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43710,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used for breaks and sprains.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
44072,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of grated roots used for sprains.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
44073,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root used as a tonic for falling hair.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44074,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots applied to inflamed and bleeding cuts.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44075,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of grated roots applied to bleeding cuts.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
44076,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of roots applied to inflamed and bleeding cuts.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44077,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Decoction of grated roots used as herbal steam for breaks and sprains.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44078,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,274,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used as herbal steam for breaks and sprains.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274"
44079,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,80,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used for breaks.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80"
44080,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots applied to saddle sores.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
44081,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as a soap substitute and hair wash.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"