id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
566,27,Acer negundo L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
665,34,Acer saccharinum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
1371,55,Acorus calamus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,119,Carminative,Plant used as a carminative.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1372,55,Acorus calamus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Blades of grass used as garlands in mystery ceremonies.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1373,55,Acorus calamus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Rootstock chewed, decoction taken or smoke treatment used for colds.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1374,55,Acorus calamus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1375,55,Acorus calamus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction taken for fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1376,55,Acorus calamus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1377,55,Acorus calamus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,20,Panacea,Rootstock regarded as a panacea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1378,55,Acorus calamus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Rootstock chewed for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1691,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1692,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Plant used as a sweetening flavor in cooking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
2078,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2079,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used as a flavor for meats and soups.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2080,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,1,Food,,,Fried bulbs used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
3024,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Prized berries used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
3025,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
3026,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used to make popgun pistons.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
3223,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,205,Ponca,17,g19,95,1,Food,,,Beans used for the agreeable taste and nutritive value.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 95"
3305,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,205,Ponca,17,g19,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used on poles to support earth coverings of lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
3306,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,205,Ponca,17,g19,68,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Stiff, jointed stems used by little boys to make arrows for toy bows.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
3336,248,Anemone canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,82,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Highly esteemed medicine taken and applied externally for many illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
3344,249,Anemone cylindrica Gray,205,Ponca,17,g19,82,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Wooly fruits used as good luck charms when playing cards. They rubbed their hands in the smoke that resulted from burning some of the wooly fruits for good luck.  Some of the chewed fruit would work as well.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
3705,289,Apios americana Medik.,205,Ponca,17,g19,94,1,Food,,,Roasted or boiled tubers used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
3913,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3914,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3915,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Pulverized seeds used as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3916,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,82,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Crushed seeds spread among clothing and used as perfume, especially by bachelors.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
5169,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,205,Ponca,189,h65,152,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Decoction of plant taken and used as a wash for burns.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 152"
5170,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,2,Drug,,,Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5171,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5291,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of plant taken and used as wash for irregular menstruation.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5292,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5472,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,205,Ponca,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5557,404,Artemisia sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used to begin any ceremonial in order to drive away evil influences.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5558,404,Artemisia sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of plant used as a wash for purification.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5559,404,Artemisia sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,135,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomach troubles and many other ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 135"
5560,404,Artemisia sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5561,404,Artemisia sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant tops chewed and used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
6114,431,Asclepias exaltata L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,110,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root eaten raw for stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
6323,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6324,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,109,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Mature stalk fiber chewed and used for popgun wadding by little boys.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6359,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,109,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Root eaten raw for pulmonary trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6360,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,109,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Root eaten raw for bronchial trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6477,467,Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis,205,Ponca,17,g19,91,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Plant used as a mat to keep the meat free from dirt while butchering.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91"
6478,467,Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis,205,Ponca,17,g19,91,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stalks with pods used by small boys as rattles in games in which they imitated tribal dances.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91"
6495,473,Astragalus crassicarpus var. crassicarpus,205,Ponca,17,g19,91,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Fruits gathered just before corn planting time and ceremonially soaked with seed corn. The fruits were not planted with the seed corn, but were discarded before planting.  The informants could not give a reason for this process as they said they had forgotten the origin of the old custom.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91"
7267,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Papery bark chewed to a pulp and used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
8365,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts used to make soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8366,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Hickory chips boiled to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8367,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8368,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten plain or with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8583,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,83,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of root given for fevers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
8622,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8623,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,3,Other,37,Fuel,Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
9229,879,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small,205,Ponca,189,h65,151,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken by young mothers for scanty or lack of milk.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 151"
9230,879,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small,205,Ponca,17,g19,99,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken to encourage milk flow in nursing mothers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
10813,1089,Cornus amomum P. Mill.,205,Ponca,17,g19,107,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
10814,1089,Cornus amomum P. Mill.,205,Ponca,189,h65,47,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark used as an additive to tobacco.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 47"
10819,1090,Cornus asperifolia Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,107,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood considered the favorite for arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
11123,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
11230,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts used as a body for soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
11231,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten raw with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
11344,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
11345,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
11630,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,205,Ponca,17,g19,116117,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"
12030,1226,Dalea purpurea var. purpurea,205,Ponca,17,g19,94,1,Food,85,Candy,Root chewed for the pleasant taste.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
12418,1276,Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern.,205,Ponca,17,g19,89,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Mature plant, with seed-filled pods, used as rattles by little boys, to mimic native dances.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89"
12801,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12802,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12803,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12804,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12805,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms, to protect against boiling water.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12806,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12807,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12808,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12809,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant applied to tooth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12810,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant used in smoke treatment for horses with distemper.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
13489,1428,Equisetum sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
14920,1637,Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
15020,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
15304,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15305,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15306,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15307,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15308,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15534,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant tucked under women's girdles for the delicate fragrance given off during withering.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
16241,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,205,Ponca,17,g19,133,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for consumption.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 133"
16384,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,205,Ponca,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of root used as an enema and infallible remedy for constipation.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16385,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,205,Ponca,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16708,1835,Helianthus tuberosus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,131,1,Food,,,"Noncultivated tubers eaten raw, boiled or roasted.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
16979,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,205,Ponca,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
16980,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,205,Ponca,17,g19,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a ceremonial brush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
17270,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,205,Ponca,17,g19,66,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers and in peace ceremony.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
18113,2017,Iris versicolor L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Paste of pulverized rootstock applied to sores and bruises.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
18114,2017,Iris versicolor L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Pulverized rootstock mixed with water or saliva and dropped in ear for earache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
18115,2017,Iris versicolor L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Rootstock used to medicate 'eye-water.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
18311,2034,Juglans nigra L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,5,Dye,108,Black,Nuts used to make a black dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
18312,2034,Juglans nigra L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts used to make soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
18313,2034,Juglans nigra L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,74,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten plain or with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
19194,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19195,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19196,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,"Twigs used on hot stones in vapor bath, especially in purification rites.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19197,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19198,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,63,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
19445,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,117,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Gourds made into rattles and used for ritualistic music. A handle was attached to the gourd and its contents were removed and replaced with small gravel or seeds from another plant.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 117"
19696,2105,Lathyrus brachycalyx ssp. brachycalyx,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,"Roasted seed pods eaten by children in sport, but not considered of any importance.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
19960,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
19961,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of stems used in cases of rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
20424,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,Seeds used in cooking for the nutritive value and agreeable flavor.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
20553,2214,Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.,205,Ponca,17,g19,111,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Flowers chewed with gum by children, to color it yellow.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
20554,2214,Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.,205,Ponca,17,g19,111,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Root chewed with gum by children, to color it red.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
20929,2239,Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald,205,Ponca,17,g19,107,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
21260,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,205,Ponca,189,h65,48,2,Drug,153,Hallucinogen,Dried flesh 'buttons' eaten to cause auditory and visual hallucinations.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 48"
21261,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,205,Ponca,189,h65,48,2,Drug,,,Decoction of dried flesh 'buttons' taken for illness.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 48"
21262,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,205,Ponca,189,h65,48,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flesh dried into 'buttons' and eaten during religious ceremonies.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 48"
21576,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,205,Ponca,189,h65,152,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of plant taken for diarrhea.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 152"
21577,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,205,Ponca,189,h65,152,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plant applied to sore eyes.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 152"
21578,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,205,Ponca,17,g19,136,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of stems used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 136"
21579,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,205,Ponca,189,h65,152,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant used to increase milk flow of mothers.,"Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 152"
21580,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,205,Ponca,17,g19,136,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of stems taken by nursing mothers to increase milk flow.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 136"
21747,2355,Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows whenever obtainable.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
22292,2392,Malus ioensis (Wood) Britt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,86,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 86"
22547,2430,Melia azedarach L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Fruits used as good luck charm beads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
22548,2430,Melia azedarach L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Fruits used as beads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
22742,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,112113,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113"
22743,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
23074,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,205,Ponca,17,g19,78,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Chewed root blown into wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 78"
23615,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,79,1,Food,56,Soup,"Hard, nut-like seeds cracked, freed from the shells and used with meat to make soup.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23616,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,79,1,Food,,,Peeled tubers cooked with meat or hominy and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23617,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,205,Ponca,17,g19,79,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant characterized as having mystic powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23876,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,205,Ponca,17,g19,113114,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant cultivated and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113114"
24982,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,205,Ponca,17,g19,107,1,Food,50,Fodder,Root used to attract horses and catch them. The horses were very fond of the root and would come running if people whistled for them holding the roots in their hands and then could easily be caught.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
25185,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25186,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,"Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25204,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25205,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,"Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25748,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,205,Ponca,17,g19,92,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Peeled roots braided and dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
25749,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,205,Ponca,17,g19,92,1,Food,,,Peeled roots eaten fresh and uncooked or cooked.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
26684,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, when in sufficient quantity, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26685,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26694,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26695,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as a dressing for wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26696,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root used for stomach trouble and headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26697,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,113,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
28462,3001,Plantago major L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Hot leaves applied to foot to draw out thorns or splinters.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
29430,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29431,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,1,Food,85,Candy,Cottony fruits used as chewing gum by children.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29432,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Leaves used by girls and young women to make a flute-like instrument.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29433,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Green, unopened fruits used by children as beads and ear pendants in play.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29434,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves used by children to make toy tipis.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29435,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,205,Ponca,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves used by little girls to make toy moccasins.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
30292,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30293,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Highly valued fruit pitted and dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30294,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Highly valued fruit eaten fresh and raw.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30295,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,87,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30561,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,205,Ponca,17,g19,88,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
30562,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,205,Ponca,17,g19,88,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make a sauce during the fruiting season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31032,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,205,Ponca,17,g19,"88, 89",2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of fruit or decoction of bark taken for diarrhea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88, 89"
31033,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,205,Ponca,17,g19,"88, 89",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Fruit prepared in unspecified way and used in old-time ceremonies.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88, 89"
31034,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,205,Ponca,17,g19,88,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit and pits pounded to a pulp, formed into small cakes, sun dried and stored for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31035,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,205,Ponca,17,g19,88,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31036,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,205,Ponca,17,g19,88,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31037,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,205,Ponca,17,g19,88,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boiled bark water used as a wash for traps to remove the scent of the former captures.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31038,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,205,Ponca,17,g19,88,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Ripe fruit used as a indicator for the time of the Sun dance.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
32299,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,1,Food,,,Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32300,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Young growths used to make popgun pistons.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
32391,3285,Quercus rubra L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,1,Food,,,Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32485,3289,Quercus sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32486,3289,Quercus sp.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32995,3347,Rhus glabra L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,99,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, red leaves used for smoking.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
32996,3347,Rhus glabra L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"99, 100",3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Red leaves dried and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
33641,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
33960,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,205,Ponca,17,g19,85,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Fruit sometimes eaten in times of food scarcity.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
33961,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,205,Ponca,17,g19,85,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
33962,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,205,Ponca,17,g19,85,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
34561,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34562,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34563,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34734,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34735,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34736,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
36757,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36758,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36759,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Larger stems used by small boys to make popguns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
37055,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,83,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Root rubbed on palm of bachelor as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
37056,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,83,5,Dye,136,Red,Root boiled with objects as a red dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
37057,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,83,5,Dye,,,Root used as a decorative skin stain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
37507,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,205,Ponca,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37799,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37800,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
38015,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,132,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of root given to horses as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38016,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,132,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38017,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,132,1,Food,85,Candy,Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38042,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,132,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used in smoke treatment for neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38043,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,132,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Root used in smoke treatment for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38044,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,132,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Root used in smoke treatment for headcold.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38045,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,132,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Rootstock used in the vapor bath.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38605,3769,Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link,205,Ponca,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used as thatching to support the earth coverings of lodges in permanent villages.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
39140,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39147,3855,Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39699,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,205,Ponca,17,g19,80,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant tops rubbed in hands of bachelors as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80"
39700,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,205,Ponca,17,g19,80,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Hollow stems used by small boys to make toy flutes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80"
40380,3959,Tilia americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
40475,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,205,Ponca,17,g19,100,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
41357,4049,Typha latifolia L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Down used as a dressing for burns and scalds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41358,4049,Typha latifolia L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Down used on infants to prevent chafing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41359,4049,Typha latifolia L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Down used on infants to prevent chafing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41478,4051,Ulmus americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41479,4051,Ulmus americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41480,4051,Ulmus americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41481,4051,Ulmus americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Wood used for saddle trees.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41482,4051,Ulmus americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41483,4051,Ulmus americana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
41575,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of inner bark taken as a laxative.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41576,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41577,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41578,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41579,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,3,Other,37,Fuel,Weathered bark used to catch the spark in firemaking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41580,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41581,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,76,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41582,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,205,Ponca,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
41607,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41608,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41609,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as fuel.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41610,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Wood used for saddle trees.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41611,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,205,Ponca,17,g19,75,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41822,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41823,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41824,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41825,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Dried stalk fiber made into ropes and used to hobble horses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41826,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,205,Ponca,17,g19,77,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant fiber used by little boys as wadding for popguns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
43113,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten from the hand, but not gathered in quantity.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43135,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,115,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stalks without the pith used to make popguns in the absence of elderberry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43407,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43408,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43523,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43524,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
44168,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44169,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44170,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,205,Ponca,17,g19,71,3,Other,106,Soap,"Root used like soap, especially for washing the hair.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44502,4244,Zea mays L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Ripe corn hulled with lye from ashes and used to make hominy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44503,4244,Zea mays L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,67,1,Food,75,Staple,"Ripe, parched corn ground into a meal and used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44504,4244,Zea mays L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,67,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sun dried corn silks ground with parched corn for sweetness.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44505,4244,Zea mays L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,67,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Sun dried corn silks stored for future use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44647,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Rice considered an important dietary element.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"