id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
565,27,Acer negundo L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
1363,55,Acorus calamus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,119,Carminative,Plant used as a carminative and decoction taken for fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1364,55,Acorus calamus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Blades of grass used as garlands in mystery ceremonies.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1365,55,Acorus calamus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Rootstock chewed, decoction taken or smoke treatment used for colds.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1366,55,Acorus calamus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1367,55,Acorus calamus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of plant taken for fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1368,55,Acorus calamus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1369,55,Acorus calamus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,20,Panacea,Rootstock regarded as a panacea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1370,55,Acorus calamus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Rootstock chewed for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1689,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1690,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Plant used as a sweetening flavor in cooking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
2075,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2076,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2077,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,1,Food,,,Fried bulbs used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
3022,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,190,Pawnee,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used to make popgun pistons.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
3198,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,93,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Shrub used on the ground to receive meat while butchering, to keep the meat clean.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
3222,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,95,1,Food,,,Beans used for the agreeable taste and nutritive value.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 95"
3704,289,Apios americana Medik.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,94,1,Food,,,Roasted or boiled tubers used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
3909,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3910,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3911,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Seeds used as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3912,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,82,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds used as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
4640,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves smoked like tobacco.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
4641,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves used for smoking, like tobacco.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
4850,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed corm sprinkled on head and temples for headache and general pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
4851,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pulverized corm applied as counterirritant for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
4852,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Seeds used in gourd shells to make rattles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
5165,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of tops used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5166,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,2,Drug,,,Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5167,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Plant tops bound into bundles and made into brooms used for sweeping the lodge floor. The plant was used for this purpose because of its agreeable, wholesome odor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5168,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5289,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of plant taken and used as wash for irregular menstruation.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5290,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5471,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5552,404,Artemisia sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used to begin any ceremonial in order to drive away evil influences.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5553,404,Artemisia sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of plant used as a wash for purification.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5554,404,Artemisia sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,135,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomach troubles and many other ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 135"
5555,404,Artemisia sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5556,404,Artemisia sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant tops chewed and used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
6321,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6322,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,109,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Mature stalk fiber chewed and used for popgun wadding by little boys.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6441,459,Aster sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,133,2,Drug,18,Other,Moxa of burned stems used over affected part.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 133"
6979,554,Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Ell.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,90,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Pulverized seeds mixed with buffalo fat and applied to abdomen for colic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 90"
7266,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Papery bark chewed to a pulp and used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
8361,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,74,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts used to make soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8362,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,74,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Hickory chips boiled to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8363,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,74,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8364,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,74,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten plain or with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8620,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8621,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,3,Other,37,Fuel,Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8808,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries pounded fine, mixed with a little fat and parched corn and used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
9423,894,Chenopodium album L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,78,1,Food,56,Soup,"Young, tender plant cooked as pottage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 78"
9424,894,Chenopodium album L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,78,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant formerly used for painting bows and arrows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 78"
10812,1089,Cornus amomum P. Mill.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
10818,1090,Cornus asperifolia Michx.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood considered the favorite for arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
11514,1146,Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,99,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of leaves used to bathe sick babies.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
11628,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,190,Pawnee,17,g19,116117,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"
11790,1174,Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Vine used by girls to divine sincerity of suitors.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
11791,1174,Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,5,Dye,193,Orange,Boiled vines used as an orange dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
11981,1216,Dalea candida var. candida,190,Pawnee,17,g19,94,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of root taken as a prophylactic to keep away disease.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
12028,1226,Dalea purpurea var. purpurea,190,Pawnee,17,g19,94,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of root taken as a prophylactic to keep away disease.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
12029,1226,Dalea purpurea var. purpurea,190,Pawnee,17,g19,94,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic stems made into brooms and used to sweep the lodge.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
12416,1276,Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,89,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for itch.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89"
12417,1276,Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,89,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Mature plant, with seed-filled pods, used as rattles by little boys, to mimic native dances.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89"
12791,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12792,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12793,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12794,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12795,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms, to protect against boiling water.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12796,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12797,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12798,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12799,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant applied to tooth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12800,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant used in smoke treatment for horses with distemper.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
13488,1428,Equisetum sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
14611,1591,Euphorbia marginata Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,99,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
14919,1637,Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
15019,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
15301,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15302,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15303,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
16069,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,92,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Poultice of steeped leaves applied to ears for earache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
16070,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,92,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of root used for children with fevers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
16071,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,92,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of root used as a febrifuge for children.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
16072,1758,Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,92,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Root chewed and held in mouth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
16240,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,190,Pawnee,17,g19,133,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of tops and leaves used as a wash for saddle galls and sores on horses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 133"
16381,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized pod sniffed to cause sneezing for headaches.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16382,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16383,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,190,Pawnee,17,g19,89,1,Food,,,Roasted seeds eaten like chestnuts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89"
16616,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,130,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Dry seed compound eaten by pregnant nursing women to protect suckling child.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 130"
16707,1835,Helianthus tuberosus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,131,1,Food,,,"Noncultivated, raw tubers used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
16900,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of scraped, boiled root applied to boils.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16977,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,190,Pawnee,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
16978,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,190,Pawnee,17,g19,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a ceremonial brush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
17268,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,66,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers and in peace ceremony.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
17869,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized root dusted on body for pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
17870,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Root used in smoke treatment for nervousness and bad dreams.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
17871,1990,Ipomoea leptophylla Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,110,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root used to revive 'one who had fainted.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
18308,2034,Juglans nigra L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,74,5,Dye,108,Black,Nuts used to make a black dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
18309,2034,Juglans nigra L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,74,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts used to make soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
18310,2034,Juglans nigra L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,74,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten plain or with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
19189,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19190,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19191,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,15,Sedative,Smoke from burning twigs used for nervousness and bad dreams.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19192,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19193,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,63,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
20157,2169,Liatris scariosa var. scariosa,190,Pawnee,17,g19,133134,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves and corms given to children for diarrhea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 133134"
20158,2169,Liatris scariosa var. scariosa,190,Pawnee,17,g19,133134,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of leaves and corms given to children for diarrhea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 133134"
20423,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,Seeds used in cooking for the nutritive value and agreeable flavor.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
20664,2221,Lobelia cardinalis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,129,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing roots and flowers used as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 129"
20928,2239,Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
21744,2355,Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
22740,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,112113,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113"
22741,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
23071,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,78,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of root taken after childbirth for abdominal swelling.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 78"
23072,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,78,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Dried, ground root applied to baby's sore mouth.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 78"
23073,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,78,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Pulverized dried root applied to babies for sore mouth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 78"
23612,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,79,1,Food,56,Soup,"Hard, nut-like seeds cracked, freed from the shells and used with meat to make soup.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23613,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,79,1,Food,,,Peeled tubers cooked with meat or hominy and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23614,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,79,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant characterized as having mystic powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23875,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113114,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant cultivated and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113114"
24073,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,190,Pawnee,17,g19,79,1,Food,,,Cooked seeds used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
24683,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of peeled stems bound on wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24684,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Mucilaginous stem juice used to fix the colors painted on hides or receptacles made from hides. Freshly peeled stems were rubbed over the painted object to fix the color.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24685,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, with bristles removed, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24686,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruits, with bristles removed, eaten fresh and raw or stewed.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24687,2661,Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,104,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Stems, with spines removed, roasted during food scarcities.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104"
24981,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,107,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of root taken for weakness and general debility.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
25181,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25182,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant much esteemed by buffalo.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25183,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,"Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25184,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,Plant considered to have a salty and sour taste.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25200,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them run faster.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25201,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25202,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,"Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25203,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,Plant considered to have a salty and sour taste.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25395,2733,Panax quinquefolius L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,106,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing root used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
25746,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,92,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Peeled roots braided and dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
25747,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,92,1,Food,,,Peeled roots eaten fresh and uncooked or cooked.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
25920,2811,Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,114,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves taken for chills and fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 114"
26682,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, when in sufficient quantity, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26683,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,190,Pawnee,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26845,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,78,3,Other,26,Paint,Fruit made into a red stain used in painting horses and various articles of adornment.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 78"
29423,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29424,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Waxy leaf buds boiled to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29425,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,1,Food,85,Candy,Fruit used as chewing gum by children.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29426,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Leaves used by girls and young women to make a flute-like instrument.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29427,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Green, unopened fruits used by children as beads and ear pendants in play.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29428,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves used by children to make toy tipis.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29429,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,190,Pawnee,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves used by little girls to make toy moccasins.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
30288,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Bound bundles of tough, elastic twigs used a brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30289,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,87,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Highly valued fruit eaten fresh and raw, cooked as a sauce or dried with the pits for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30290,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Highly valued fruit eaten fresh and raw.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30291,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,87,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30559,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,190,Pawnee,17,g19,88,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
30560,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,190,Pawnee,17,g19,88,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make a sauce during the fruiting season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31027,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"88, 89",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Fruit prepared in unspecified way and used in old-time ceremonies.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88, 89"
31028,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,88,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit and pits pounded to a pulp, formed into small cakes, sun dried and stored for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31029,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,88,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31030,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,88,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31031,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,190,Pawnee,17,g19,88,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Ripe fruit used as a indicator for the time of the Sun dance.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
32297,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,1,Food,,,Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32298,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Young growths used to make popgun pistons.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
32390,3285,Quercus rubra L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,1,Food,,,Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32482,3289,Quercus sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32483,3289,Quercus sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32987,3347,Rhus glabra L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of fruit used for 'bloody flux.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
32988,3347,Rhus glabra L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of fruit used for dysmenorrhea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
32989,3347,Rhus glabra L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,99,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, red leaves used for smoking.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
32990,3347,Rhus glabra L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"99, 100",3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Red leaves dried and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
33956,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,190,Pawnee,17,g19,85,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Poultice of charred, crushed hypertrophied stem growths applied to burns.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
33957,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,190,Pawnee,17,g19,85,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Fruit sometimes eaten in times of food scarcity.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
33958,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,190,Pawnee,17,g19,85,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
33959,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,190,Pawnee,17,g19,85,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
34558,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34559,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34560,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34731,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34732,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34733,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
35402,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Root used for diarrhea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
35596,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,65,1,Food,,,Roasted or boiled tubers used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 65"
36278,3551,Salix sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36746,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36747,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36748,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Larger stems used by small boys to make popguns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
37506,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,190,Pawnee,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37797,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37798,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
38012,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,132,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root taken for general debility.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38013,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,132,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38014,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,132,1,Food,85,Candy,Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
39697,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,80,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant mixed with clay and rubbed on muzzle of horses as a stimulant.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80"
39698,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,80,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Hollow stems used by small boys to make toy flutes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80"
40379,3959,Tilia americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark fiber used for spinning cordage and weaving matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
41349,4049,Typha latifolia L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Down used as a dressing for burns and scalds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41350,4049,Typha latifolia L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Down used on infants to prevent chafing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41351,4049,Typha latifolia L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Down used on infants to prevent chafing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41470,4051,Ulmus americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41471,4051,Ulmus americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41472,4051,Ulmus americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41473,4051,Ulmus americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Wood used for saddle trees.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41474,4051,Ulmus americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,75,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41475,4051,Ulmus americana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
41567,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of inner bark taken as a laxative.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41568,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41569,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make ropes and cords.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41570,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41571,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,3,Other,37,Fuel,Weathered bark used to catch the spark in firemaking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41572,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41573,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,76,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41574,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
41815,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41816,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41817,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41818,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Dried stalk fiber made into ropes and used to hobble horses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41819,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,77,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant fiber used by little boys as wadding for popguns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
43112,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten from the hand, but not gathered in quantity.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43133,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,115,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stalks without the pith used to make popguns in the absence of elderberry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43404,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh sap used as grape juice.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43405,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43406,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43520,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh sap used as grape juice.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43521,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43522,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
44164,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44165,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44166,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44167,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,71,3,Other,106,Soap,"Root used like soap, especially for washing the hair.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44355,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,98,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Fruits used as diuretic for horses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
44496,4244,Zea mays L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Ripe corn hulled with lye from ashes and used to make hominy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44497,4244,Zea mays L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,67,1,Food,75,Staple,"Ripe, parched corn ground into a meal and used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44498,4244,Zea mays L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,67,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sun dried corn silks ground with parched corn for sweetness.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44499,4244,Zea mays L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,67,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Sun dried corn silks stored for future use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"