id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
381,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thorns removed, twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
382,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,319,Other,Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
383,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fitted around deer hunters' heads and used in sizing deer head disguises.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 40"
384,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,52,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Buds and blossoms dried and used by women as perfume sachets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52"
385,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Curved rods used for fleshing and dehairing animal skins.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
386,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,3,Other,17,Tools,Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
387,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems peeled of bark and thorns and used to beat sheep hides to make them more pliable.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
1709,86,Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana var. neomexicana (Briq.) R.W. Sanders,188,Papago,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1734,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Bundles of fibers used as combination brushes and combs for hair.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
1735,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves split and used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
1736,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1737,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,,,Pit baked and extensively used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
1738,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,,,Pit baked and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
1739,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Central flowering stalks eaten as greens in spring before they emerged.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
1740,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Crowns with leaves removed eaten as greens in winter.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
1741,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
1742,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks roasted in ashes and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
1743,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pit baked and used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
1744,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Pit baked, kept in jars and traded as a delicacy.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
1745,89,Agave americana L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,54,3,Other,32,Containers,Two-ply fiber formerly used to make carrying nets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 54"
1775,91,Agave deserti Engelm.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,,,Pit baked and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
1782,92,Agave lechuguilla Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make rough cordage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
1783,92,Agave lechuguilla Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Fibers and the cordage made from them bartered with the Pimas for blankets and cotton.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
1798,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,,,Pit baked and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
1836,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,188,Papago,19,c35,10,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1840,95,Agave schottii Engelm.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,,,Pit baked and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
2300,164,Allium unifolium Kellogg,188,Papago,19,c35,15,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2301,164,Allium unifolium Kellogg,188,Papago,27,cu35,18,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Bulbs traded for baskets, skins or pottery.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 18"
2778,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
2779,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,19,c35,23,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground and used as food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23"
2780,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,160,cb42,62,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 62"
2781,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled and used for greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
2782,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
2783,191,Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens in mid summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
2886,202,Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng.,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Surplus of roots sun dried on roofs and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
2887,202,Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng.,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,1,Food,75,Staple,Roots used as a staple crop.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
2888,202,Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng.,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
2889,202,Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in the summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
3396,255,Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
5946,420,Arundo donax L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Pollen used as a yellow dye.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
6681,508,Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,160,cb42,62,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 62"
6737,520,Atriplex wrightii S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,56,Soup,Mixed with roasted cholla buds and eaten as a vegetable stew.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
6738,520,Atriplex wrightii S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,15,1,Food,86,Spice,Branches used as seasoning in cooking or in pit baking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
6739,520,Atriplex wrightii S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Branches eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
6740,520,Atriplex wrightii S. Wats.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
6803,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
6804,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make stone-tipped hunting arrows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
6805,536,Baccharis sarothroides Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make stone-tipped war arrows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
7979,724,Capsicum annuum L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,121,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 121"
7992,725,Capsicum annuum var. annuum,188,Papago,27,cu35,47,1,Food,47,Special Food,Added to meat and eaten as a delicacy.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47"
7993,725,Capsicum annuum var. annuum,188,Papago,27,cu35,19,1,Food,86,Spice,Berries used as a seasoning.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"
8153,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Ribs used as one of the chief warp materials.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8154,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Ribs used for roofing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8155,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Slats joined with one or two rows of deer hide thong and used to make screen doors.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8156,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the roofing of houses.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
8157,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice mixed with water, fermented and used as an intoxicating drink in ceremonies to bring rain.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
8158,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Pulp boiled with water, strained, boiled again and used as a ceremonial drink.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8159,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8160,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Seeds parched, ground, water added and oil extracted.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8161,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits dried, stored in jars and used as sweets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
8162,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds parched and used as a chicken feed.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8163,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,19,c35,19,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits used as an important article of diet.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
8164,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,19,c35,19,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into a conserve.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
8165,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into jam.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
8166,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,1,Preserves,Juice made into cactus jam and used as the most important sweet in the diet.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8167,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Pulp boiled to a sweet, sticky mass and used like raspberry jam.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8168,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,19,c35,19,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits boiled to make a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
8169,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
8170,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,19,c35,19,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds ground into flour.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
8171,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds made into flour and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8172,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,45,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as a staple food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"
8173,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,160,cb42,59,1,Food,,,Fruits and seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 59"
8174,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,19,c35,19,1,Food,,,Oil extracted from the seeds.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
8175,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,1,Food,,,Pulp eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8176,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Ribs made into a drying rack for datil fruit.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
8177,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,43,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Ribs split, made into rough cages and used to trap gambel quail and morning doves.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 43"
8178,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Ribs with shallow, close-spaced notches used as soft rattles for certain songs.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
8179,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,160,cb42,59,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Saguaro harvest marked the beginning of the new year.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 59"
8180,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,17,Tools,Four needles tied in a row and used as piercing instruments for tattooing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
8181,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,15,3,Other,17,Tools,Giant ribs split in two and used as wooden tongs for gathering cholla joints and buds.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
8182,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,70,3,Other,17,Tools,Perforations bored in sticks and used to smooth rough cords.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70"
8183,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,62,3,Other,17,Tools,Ribs used as the larger of the two pieces of twisters used to make rope.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 62"
8184,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Ribs used for the handles of skin scrapers.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
8185,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,3,Other,17,Tools,Ribs used to make several kinds of light tools.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8789,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,188,Papago,27,cu35,49,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make sandals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 49"
8790,822,Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,188,Papago,19,c35,21,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21"
9422,894,Chenopodium album L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,56,Soup,Mixed with roasted cholla buds and eaten as a vegetable stew.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
9531,904,Chenopodium murale L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,62,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 62"
9532,904,Chenopodium murale L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens in the summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
9561,910,Chenopodium sp.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
9562,910,Chenopodium sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens in mid summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
9828,939,Cicer arietinum L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,33,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Threshed, dried on the ground or roofs, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 33"
9829,939,Cicer arietinum L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,120,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 120"
10547,1056,Condalia globosa I.M. Johnston,188,Papago,27,cu35,19,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"
11327,1119,Coursetia glandulosa Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,21,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Transparent, yellowish-brown gum mixed with adobe and used to make jars of syrup air tight.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 21"
11627,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,188,Papago,27,cu35,52,3,Other,106,Soap,"Fruits dried, grated into soapy water and used to bleach clothes.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52"
11654,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,188,Papago,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
11687,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,188,Papago,27,cu35,36,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Rind hung in long spirals from house roofs to dry, tied in bundles, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36"
11688,1163,Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.,188,Papago,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
11732,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,36,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Rind hung in long spirals from house roofs to dry, tied in bundles, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36"
11733,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 101"
11734,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,45,1,Food,75,Staple,"Seeds parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"
12071,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
12072,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as a source of basketry material.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
12073,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make two kinds of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12074,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to make headbands and headrings.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12075,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,60,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves twilled into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 60"
12076,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used to make large, tough sleeping mats, cradle mats and back mats for the carrying frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 55"
12077,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Crowns with leaves removed and central flowering stalks eaten as greens in May.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
12078,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
12079,1237,Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flower stalks roasted in ashes and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
12224,1244,Datura wrightii Regel,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Roots ground, infused and used as a beverage.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
12380,1273,Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
12381,1273,Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
12382,1273,Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata,188,Papago,160,cb42,62,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 62"
12475,1292,Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten raw in early spring before other foods available.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
12476,1292,Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten raw in spring before other crops appeared.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
13096,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,28,1,Food,85,Candy,Gum secretions chewed by children.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28"
13097,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,57,Fasteners,'Gum' used to fasten arrow points to the slit ends of arrow twigs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
13098,1395,Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Gumlike secretions formerly smeared on tall, slender water bottles.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
13144,1403,Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
14740,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant tops pounded and the juice used as a drink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
14741,1610,Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pulp eaten as greens in May.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
14821,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,11,c49,89,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for house construction.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 89"
14822,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the warp of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
14823,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Withes used to bind together the house dome ribs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
14824,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,28,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Nectar pressed out of blossoms, hardened like rock candy and chewed as a delicacy.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28"
14825,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,54,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flexible rods used as the basis of ceremonial structures representing clouds or mountains.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 54"
14826,1630,Fouquieria splendens Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,17,Tools,Thorns used to pierce the ears of both sexes.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
15406,1674,Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz,188,Papago,27,cu35,28,1,Food,85,Candy,Gumlike secretions heated over coals and chewed by children.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28"
16141,1768,Gossypium sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seed flour mixed with saguaro seed flour, baked on sand and eaten as browned cakes.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
16142,1768,Gossypium sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,37,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Seeds made into flour and baked on hot sands as browned cakes.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37"
16148,1769,Gossypium thurberi Todaro,188,Papago,160,cb42,106,4,Fiber,,,Used as a source of fiber.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 106"
17407,1913,Hordeum vulgare L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,117,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 117"
18159,2027,Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell.-Arg.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thick, rubbery stems used to make bulky baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
19312,2078,Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,5,Dye,136,Red,"Roots peeled, cut, split, boiled and used as a red dye for buckskins.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
19313,2078,Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes,188,Papago,27,cu35,48,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots used as a red dye for garments.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 48"
19314,2078,Krameria erecta Willd. ex J.A. Schultes,188,Papago,27,cu35,60,5,Dye,136,Red,Used to dye cotton red.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60"
19442,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used for a drinking and eating vessel.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
19443,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Fruits dried, freed of seeds and pulp and used as rattles.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
19655,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Branches used as bed for women with menstrual cramps or after childbirth.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
19656,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated branches applied for rheumatism.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19657,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of heated branches applied to joints.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19658,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, powdered leaf rubbed on infant's navel to promote healing.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
19659,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for poisonous bites and sores.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
19660,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of chewed leaves placed on insect bites, snakebites and sores.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19661,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed plant applied to spider or scorpion bites.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19662,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves applied to infant's navel.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19663,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
19664,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Branches used as bed for women with menstrual cramps or after childbirth.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
19665,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves rubbed on breasts to start milk flow.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
19666,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves used as wash on breasts to start milk flow.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19667,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Poultice of heated branches applied to facilitate childbirth.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19668,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Green branches laid on ashes, aching feet and stiff limbs held in smoke.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
19669,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Plant used for stiff limbs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
19670,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Smoke from smoldering green branches used for sore feet.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19671,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Dried, powdered leaf rubbed on infant's navel to promote healing.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
19672,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves applied to infant's navel.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19673,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Poultice of chewed leaves placed on snakebites, insect bites and sores.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19674,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of chewed plant applied to snake bites.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
19675,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used to brush off the spines of prickly pears.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
19676,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,67,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Piled on top of saguaro ribs to strengthen house roofs.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 67"
19677,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,67,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Tops tied together and used to thatch menstruation huts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 67"
19678,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,38,Decorations,Charcoal used in tattooing as a permanent greenish blue color.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
19679,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Twigs cut, peeled, straightened, dried, split and used as the foreshafts of hunting arrows.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
19680,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,42,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows for hunting small animals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 42"
19681,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood thrust through gourd rattles and used as the handles.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
19682,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,37,3,Other,58,Protection,Branches stuck in the ground to shade tobacco plants.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37"
19683,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,3,Other,17,Tools,Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
19684,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,60,3,Other,17,Tools,Smooth sticks used as the shuttles in weaving cotton.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60"
19685,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Stakes used to stake out sheep hides so they can be made more pliable.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
19686,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,62,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used as the smaller of the two pieces of twisters used to make rope.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 62"
19687,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make handles for basketry awls.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
19688,2102,Larrea tridentata var. tridentata,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,98,Weapon,"Twigs cut green, peeled, straightened, dried, split and used as the foreshafts of war arrows.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
19893,2130,Lens culinaris Medik.,188,Papago,27,cu35,33,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Threshed, dried on the ground or roofs, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 33"
19894,2130,Lens culinaris Medik.,188,Papago,160,cb42,120,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 120"
19937,2140,Lepidium thurberi Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
21414,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,19,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and eaten like raisins.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"
21415,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,188,Papago,160,cb42,62,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 62"
21416,2315,Lycium fremontii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,70,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70"
22347,2400,Malva sp.,188,Papago,104,r08,76,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Plants boiled and liquid used to make pinole during famine.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76"
23413,2519,Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
23414,2519,Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
23474,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
23475,2530,Morus microphylla Buckl.,188,Papago,27,cu35,70,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Long shoots peeled of bark, laid in hot ashes, dried and used as bows.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70"
23790,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,188,Papago,160,cb42,109,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 109"
23861,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and smoked.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
23862,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,188,Papago,27,cu35,36,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves half or fully dried and smoked.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36"
23863,2580,Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia,188,Papago,160,cb42,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 108"
23986,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,36,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves half or fully dried and smoked.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36"
23987,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 108"
23998,2588,Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,111,m90,9,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bleached or green grass used for basketry.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 9"
23999,2589,Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves sun dried, split into strands and used as foundation in coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
24000,2589,Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the warp element of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
24032,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as the foundation in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
24033,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,188,Papago,58,bc41,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves dried, split and made into baskets.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"
24355,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Posts of wood, forked at the top, used for the core of the house frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
24356,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,25,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Beans flailed, winnowed, parched and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25"
24357,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
24358,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,45,1,Food,75,Staple,"Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"
24359,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,,,"Ground, leached seeds used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
24360,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Concave sticks with far-spaced, deep notches used as loud rattles for scraping stick songs.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
24361,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,31,3,Other,17,Tools,Four foot sticks with sharp points used as digging sticks.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 31"
24362,2633,Olneya tesota Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,60,3,Other,17,Tools,Wooden stakes driven into the ground and used for weaving cotton.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60"
24605,2652,Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow,188,Papago,27,cu35,15,1,Food,75,Staple,Buds and joints used as a staple crop.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
24606,2652,Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow,188,Papago,160,cb42,59,1,Food,75,Staple,"Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 59"
24607,2652,Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Buds eaten as greens in May.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24621,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits formerly fermented and used for a beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
24622,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,188,Papago,104,r08,75,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits used to make syrup.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 75"
24623,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,75,Staple,Fruits and joints used as a staple food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
24624,2653,Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves with thorns scraped off sliced in strips and eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24666,2660,Opuntia fulgida Engelm.,188,Papago,160,cb42,59,1,Food,75,Staple,"Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 59"
24667,2660,Opuntia fulgida Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots and buds eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24703,2662,Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
24846,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits dried, stored in jars and used as sweets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
24847,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,174,h08,262,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits pit cooked, dried, boiled, salted and eaten with pinole.","Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262"
24848,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Pulp spread on grass, sun dried for two days, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
24849,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
24850,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
24851,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Pulp mashed with sticks, juice squeezed, strained, boiled, strained again and used as a syrup.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
24852,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,,,"Large, waxy flowers fried in grease or lard and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
24853,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Joints pit baked and used as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
24854,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Joints roasted in ashes and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
24855,2670,Opuntia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,37,3,Other,58,Protection,Used between fence posts to protect tobacco plants from marauding animals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37"
24866,2671,Opuntia spinosior (Engelm.) Toumey,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,75,Staple,"Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
24869,2673,Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult.,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,75,Staple,"Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
24870,2673,Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots and buds eaten as greens in summer.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
25485,2745,Parkinsonia aculeata L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,25,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Beans flailed, winnowed, parched and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25"
25486,2745,Parkinsonia aculeata L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
25487,2745,Parkinsonia aculeata L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
25499,2747,Parkinsonia microphylla Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,25,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Beans flailed, winnowed, parched and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25"
25500,2747,Parkinsonia microphylla Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
25501,2747,Parkinsonia microphylla Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,45,1,Food,75,Staple,"Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"
25502,2747,Parkinsonia microphylla Torr.,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
25797,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Seed pod and deer grease salve rubbed on sores.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
25798,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Seed pod mixed with deer grease as salve for sores.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
25799,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots chewed for thirst.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 18"
25800,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,18,1,Food,,,"Roots baked whole in ashes, peeled and eaten.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 18"
25801,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Shoots eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16"
25802,2794,Peniocereus greggii var. greggii,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Stalks eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
26288,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant bitten and held between teeth for toothache.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26289,2867,Phaseolus acutifolius Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant held between the teeth for toothaches.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26294,2868,Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius Freeman,188,Papago,27,cu35,32,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Beans threshed, dried on the ground or roofs, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32"
26295,2868,Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius Freeman,188,Papago,27,cu35,32,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as a staple crop.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32"
26362,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,32,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Beans threshed, dried on the ground or roofs, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32"
26363,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,99,1,Food,,,Beans grown for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 99"
26490,2892,Pholisma sonorae (Torr. ex Gray) Yatskievych,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Surplus of roots sun dried on roofs and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
26491,2892,Pholisma sonorae (Torr. ex Gray) Yatskievych,188,Papago,27,cu35,17,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as a staple root crop.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
26492,2892,Pholisma sonorae (Torr. ex Gray) Yatskievych,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
26493,2892,Pholisma sonorae (Torr. ex Gray) Yatskievych,188,Papago,19,c35,7,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 7"
26497,2894,Phoradendron californicum Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,19,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries sun dried, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"
26552,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bed of heated branches used by women for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26553,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26554,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for stomach cramps and menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26555,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for stomach cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26556,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of leaves taken and bed of heated branches used for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26557,2898,Phoradendron sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
26615,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Six inch stems used as smoking tubes.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
28330,2987,Pisum sativum L.,188,Papago,160,cb42,120,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 120"
28647,3025,Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,3,Other,17,Tools,Used as a spindle for spinning cotton.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
29890,3142,Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Dcne.,188,Papago,11,c49,107,1,Food,,,Young pods used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29897,3144,Proboscidea louisianica ssp. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Pods softened with lye and water, split, bent and used as sewing withes in coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
29898,3144,Proboscidea louisianica ssp. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
29899,3144,Proboscidea louisianica ssp. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting,188,Papago,27,cu35,25,1,Food,,,Seeds boiled and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25"
29907,3146,Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl.,188,Papago,11,c49,107,1,Food,,,Young pods used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 107"
29995,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,188,Papago,160,cb42,60,1,Food,75,Staple,Fruits and seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 60"
30099,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied for red ant stings.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
30100,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to red ant stings.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
30101,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pulverized gum applied to sores and impetigo.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
30102,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pulverized plant applied to sores and impetigo pustules.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
30103,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,59,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the warp element of baskets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 59"
30104,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Posts of wood, forked at the top, used for the core of the house frame.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
30105,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,271,Other,Roots used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
30106,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,28,1,Food,85,Candy,Gumlike secretions found on branches and chewed.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28"
30107,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,28,1,Food,85,Candy,"Gumlike secretions found on branches, dried, ground, boiled in gruel, cooled and eaten like candy.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28"
30108,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
30109,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,28,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Gumlike secretions found on branches, dried, ground, mixed with saguaro syrup and eaten like jam.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28"
30110,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,25,1,Food,75,Staple,Beans ground into flour and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25"
30111,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,45,1,Food,75,Staple,Beans pounded in mortars and used as a staple food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"
30112,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,25,1,Food,,,"Beans and pods pounded into a pulpy mass, boiled and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25"
30113,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,25,1,Food,,,Pods eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25"
30114,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,35,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Green sticks used to turn roasting ears of corn.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 35"
30115,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,68,3,Other,57,Fasteners,'Gum' used to fasten handles to gourds.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68"
30116,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,15,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used to heat stones for baking cholla buds and joints.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
30117,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,37,3,Other,58,Protection,Posts used to make a fence to protect tobacco plants from marauding animals.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37"
30118,3158,Prosopis velutina Woot.,188,Papago,27,cu35,32,3,Other,17,Tools,"Two foot long, sword shaped slabs sharpened and used as weed hoes.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32"
32026,3260,Quercus emoryi Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,47,1,Food,85,Candy,Acorns chewed as a confection.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47"
32027,3260,Quercus emoryi Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,19,1,Food,,,Acorns eaten fresh from the shell.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"
32028,3260,Quercus emoryi Torr.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,,,Acorns used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
32315,3277,Quercus oblongifolia Torr.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,,,Acorns used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
35395,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of dried and ground roots applied to sores.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
35396,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pulverized, dried root applied to sores.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
35397,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,64,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Dried and pounded root taken for sore throats.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64"
35398,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,"64, 65",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Powdered root eaten or piece of root held in mouth for sore throat.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 64, 65"
35399,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Greens used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
35400,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens in spring.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
35401,3487,Rumex hymenosepalus Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roasted in ashes and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
36015,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,56,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Twigs split in half lengthwise, sun dried and used as the foundation of coiled basketry.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 56"
36016,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for sewing coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58"
36017,3542,Salix nigra Marsh.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,310,Other,Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
36398,3557,Salvia columbariae Benth.,188,Papago,27,cu35,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27"
37121,3584,Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L. Benson,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make stone-tipped hunting arrows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
37122,3584,Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L. Benson,188,Papago,27,cu35,71,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make stone-tipped hunting arrows.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 71"
38056,3688,Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of dried and pulverized nuts applied to sores.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
38057,3688,Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of parched, pulverized nuts applied to sores.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
38058,3688,Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.,188,Papago,27,cu35,19,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten fresh from the shell.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"
38802,3810,Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn.,188,Papago,27,cu35,24,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24"
38865,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice used as a ceremonial drink.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
38866,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38867,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Seeds parched, ground, water added and oil extracted.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38868,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits dried, stored in jars and used as sweets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
38869,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,50,Fodder,Seeds parched and used as a chicken feed.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38870,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits made into jam.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
38871,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,Juice made into cactus jam and used as the most important sweet in the diet.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38872,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Pulp boiled to a sweet, sticky mass and used like raspberry jam.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38873,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,46,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a syrup.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46"
38874,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,75,Staple,Seeds made into flour and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38875,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,160,cb42,59,1,Food,,,Fruits and seeds used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 59"
38876,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,1,Food,,,Pulp eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38877,3823,Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum,188,Papago,27,cu35,22,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Pulp boiled with water, strained, boiled again and used as a ceremonial drink.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
39020,3846,Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene,188,Papago,27,cu35,15,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used to line baking pits for roasting chollas.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
39029,3848,Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats.,188,Papago,174,h08,264,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves and stalks lined inside cooking holes to give cactus fruits a salty flavor.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 264"
39030,3848,Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats.,188,Papago,174,h08,262,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves and stalks used to line cooking pits.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262"
39385,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of blossoms taken for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
39386,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,188,Papago,27,cu35,65,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of blossoms taken for menstrual cramps.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 65"
39387,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,188,Papago,27,cu35,14,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cooked or uncooked leaves eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14"
40823,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,38,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Used for making native breads.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 38"
40824,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,37,1,Food,75,Staple,"Grains trampled, winnowed, softened with water, pounded, dried and ground into flour.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37"
43227,4145,Vicia sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,33,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Threshed, dried on the ground or roofs, stored and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 33"
43240,4148,Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.,188,Papago,160,cb42,120,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 120"
43908,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
43909,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the foundation in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43910,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves split and used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
43911,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and used as tying material.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43912,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Seeds dried and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43913,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43914,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,44,Porridge,Fresh fruits made into a gruel and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43915,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,75,Staple,Fruits used as an important staple crop.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43916,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,,,"Pulp ground, cooked and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43917,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
43918,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,56,3,Other,106,Soap,"Plant macerated, placed in water to form suds and used for washing hair.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 56"
44040,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf used as the binding element in coarse coiled ware.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
44041,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,27,cu35,54,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 54"
44042,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,58,bc41,62,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Species used to sew coils into tight baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 62"
44043,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,188,Papago,58,bc41,64,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 64"
44156,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,58,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner leaves dried, split and used for sewing non-water-tight trade baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58"
44157,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
44158,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Leaves split into strands, made into cords and used for lashing house frames together and thatching.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
44159,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Strips of fiber used to tie mesquite pole tips to other poles in forming house skeletons.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66"
44160,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves split into strands, made into cords and used for tying up bundles of material.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 61"
44161,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Fiber used to tie saguaro needles together.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
44162,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Used to bind women's hair over their foreheads while racing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
44163,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,188,Papago,27,cu35,51,3,Other,106,Soap,"Roots dried, pulverized, mixed with water and the suds used for washing the hair.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
44225,4235,Yucca schottii Engelm.,188,Papago,174,h08,262,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits cooked and eaten with white flour.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262"
44226,4235,Yucca schottii Engelm.,188,Papago,174,h08,262,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262"
44227,4235,Yucca schottii Engelm.,188,Papago,174,h08,262,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Dried fruits sold to the Pimas.,"Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262"
44262,4236,Yucca sp.,188,Papago,27,cu35,45,1,Food,75,Staple,Fruits dried and used as a staple food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"
44492,4244,Zea mays L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,34,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Grains parched, dried on mats on the roofs and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 34"
44493,4244,Zea mays L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,34,1,Food,47,Special Food,Cornmeal used ceremonially.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 34"
44494,4244,Zea mays L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,34,1,Food,75,Staple,"Whole ears roasted in open pits, dried, grains removed, winnowed and ground into meal.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 34"
44495,4244,Zea mays L.,188,Papago,27,cu35,34,1,Food,,,"Whole ears roasted in open pits, dried, grains removed, winnowed and cooked whole with meat.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 34"
44658,4257,Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,26,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits formerly fermented and used for a beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
44659,4257,Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,19,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits boiled to a syrup and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"