id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
561,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap boiled to make sugar and syrup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
562,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
563,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
564,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,336,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plant made into charcoal and used for tribal tattooing of girls.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 336"
661,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,5,Dye,108,Black,Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used in tanning leather. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water.  A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water.  Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
662,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,100,5,Dye,108,Black,Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
663,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,328,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap boiled to make sugar and syrup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 328"
664,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
1350,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,119,Carminative,Plant used as a carminative and decoction taken for fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1351,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Plant used as a carminative.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
1352,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Blades of grass used as garlands in mystery ceremonies.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1353,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Rootstock chewed, decoction taken or smoke treatment used for colds.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1354,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1355,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of plant taken for fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1356,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1357,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root chewed for stomach disorders.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
1358,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,20,Panacea,Rootstock regarded as a panacea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1359,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Rootstock chewed as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
1360,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"69, 70",2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Rootstock chewed for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1361,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant put into the feed of ailing horses.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
1362,55,Acorus calamus L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves made into wreaths and worn around the neck or head for the pleasant odor.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
1687,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, tea like beverage taken with meals.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
1688,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Plant used as a sweetening flavor in cooking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
2072,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2073,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2074,139,Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,1,Food,,,Fried bulbs used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
2271,160,Allium sp.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,,,Bulbs and tops eaten both raw and cooked.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
3019,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Prized berries used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
3020,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
3021,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used to make popgun pistons.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
3189,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,17,g19,93,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
3190,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of twigs applied for neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
3191,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,17,g19,93,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of stems used in cases of rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93"
3192,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of twigs applied for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
3193,221,Amorpha canescens Pursh,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powdered, dried leaves blown into cuts and open wounds.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
3219,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,177,Omaha,17,g19,95,1,Food,,,Beans used for the agreeable taste and nutritive value.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 95"
3220,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,,,"Roots peeled, boiled and eaten.","Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
3221,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Roots gathered from the storehouses of field mice and stored in skin bags during the winter.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
3301,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,177,Omaha,17,g19,"68, 69",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of blades of grass used as a wash for fevers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68, 69"
3302,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,177,Omaha,17,g19,"68, 69",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of blades of grass taken for 'general debility and languor.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68, 69"
3303,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,177,Omaha,17,g19,68,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used on poles to support earth coverings of lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
3304,240,Andropogon gerardii Vitman,177,Omaha,17,g19,68,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Stiff, jointed stems used by little boys to make arrows for toy bows.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
3335,248,Anemone canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,82,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Highly esteemed medicine taken and applied externally for many illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
3701,289,Apios americana Medik.,177,Omaha,17,g19,94,1,Food,,,Roasted or boiled tubers used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94"
3702,289,Apios americana Medik.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,,,Thickened root boiled until the skin came off and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
3703,289,Apios americana Medik.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Nuts boiled, peeled and eaten as a vegetable.","Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
3904,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3905,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3906,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"82, 83",2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Pulverized seeds used as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82, 83"
3907,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,82,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Chewed seed paste spread among clothing and used as perfume, especially by bachelors.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82"
3908,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Chewed seed paste used among blankets or other effects by young men as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
5154,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of plant taken for irregular menstruation.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5155,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Chewed root put on clothes as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5156,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,2,Drug,,,Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5157,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5287,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of plant taken and used as wash for irregular menstruation.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5288,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5444,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,321,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in rites of lustration for man or beast.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 321"
5445,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for fevers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
5446,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,"Dried, powdered leaves applied to nostrils for nasal hemorrhage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
5447,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,177,Omaha,17,g19,134,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant bunches used as towels in old times.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
5546,404,Artemisia sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used to begin any ceremonial in order to drive away evil influences.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5547,404,Artemisia sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of plant used as a wash for purification.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5548,404,Artemisia sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,135,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomach troubles and many other ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 135"
5549,404,Artemisia sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,134135,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134135"
5550,404,Artemisia sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant tops chewed and used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
6113,431,Asclepias exaltata L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,110,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Raw root eaten for stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 110"
6316,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled young sprouts, floral bud clusters and young, firm green fruits used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6317,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Inflorescence, before the flower buds opened, and young fruits used as greens.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
6318,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tender shoots boiled and eaten as a vegetable.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
6319,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots used for food like asparagus.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
6320,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Mature stalk fiber chewed and used for popgun wadding by little boys.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6355,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Ceremony connected with the obtaining and distribution of this prized root.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6356,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Fresh and dried root used in several ways on wounds and sores.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6357,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Raw root eaten for bronchial and pulmonary trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6358,447,Asclepias tuberosa L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,109,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Root eaten raw for bronchial and pulmonary trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109"
6475,467,Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis,177,Omaha,17,g19,91,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Plant used as a mat to keep the meat free from dirt while butchering.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91"
6476,467,Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis,177,Omaha,17,g19,91,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stalks with pods used by small boys as rattles in games in which they imitated tribal dances.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91"
6494,473,Astragalus crassicarpus var. crassicarpus,177,Omaha,17,g19,91,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Fruits gathered just before corn planting time and ceremonially soaked with seed corn. The fruits were not planted with the seed corn, but were discarded before planting.  The informants could not give a reason for this process as they said they had forgotten the origin of the old custom.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91"
7265,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Papery bark chewed to a pulp and used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
8300,763,Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8301,764,Carya glabra var. glabra,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8326,766,Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8356,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Hickory rims used to make snowshoes tied with thongs of rawhide woven across.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
8357,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts used to make soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8358,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Hickory chips boiled to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8359,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8360,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten plain or with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
8581,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,83,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Decoction of root, considered highly effective, given for fevers.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
8582,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Plant used as a fever medicine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
8616,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
8617,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8618,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,342,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 342"
8619,807,Ceanothus americanus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,3,Other,37,Fuel,Woody roots used as fuel on the buffalo hunt during scarcities of timber.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
8807,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used occasionally for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
9227,879,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small,177,Omaha,17,g19,99,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Dried leaves rubbed into abdominal scratches for children's dysentery.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
9228,879,Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small,177,Omaha,17,g19,99,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Dried leaves rubbed into abdominal scratches for children's bloating.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
9418,894,Chenopodium album L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,78,1,Food,56,Soup,"Young, tender plant cooked as pottage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 78"
10810,1089,Cornus amomum P. Mill.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,331,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried inner bark used either alone or with tobacco for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331"
10811,1089,Cornus amomum P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
10817,1090,Cornus asperifolia Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood considered the favorite for arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
11118,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
11227,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts used as a body for soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
11228,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten plain or mixed with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
11229,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten raw with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
11339,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Twigs used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
11340,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten by children fresh from the hand.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
11341,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
11342,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Fruit eaten by adults in times of famine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
11343,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
11409,1127,Crataegus mollis Scheele,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Twigs used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
11410,1127,Crataegus mollis Scheele,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten by children fresh from the hand.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
11411,1127,Crataegus mollis Scheele,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Fruit eaten by adults in times of famine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
11617,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Pulverized root mixed with water and taken for pains.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
11618,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,349,Dietary Aid,Plant used as an appetizer.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
11619,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,177,Omaha,124,ff11,585,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Root used in cases of protracted labor.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 585"
11620,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,177,Omaha,17,g19,116117,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117"
11621,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Plant used as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
12414,1276,Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern.,177,Omaha,17,g19,89,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Mature plant, with the seed-filled pods, used as rattles by little boys. The little boys used the rattles as they mimicked some of the native dances in play.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89"
12743,1346,Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132133,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves stuffed up nostrils to cause nosebleed for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132133"
12775,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12776,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used in smoke treatment for headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12777,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,333,2,Drug,95,Anesthetic,Poultice of smashed roots applied as an anesthetic to arms and hands.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 333"
12778,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12779,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,333,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Poultice of smashed roots applied to septic diseases.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 333"
12780,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,333,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Poultice of smashed roots applied to septic diseases.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 333"
12781,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Juice used as wash for pain from burns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12782,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms, to protect against boiling water.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12783,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,333,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of smashed roots applied to stings and septic diseases.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 333"
12784,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used for sore eyes and roots used for eye troubles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
12785,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12786,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12787,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12788,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,333,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of smashed roots applied to snakebites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 333"
12789,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant applied to tooth for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12790,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant used in smoke treatment for horses with distemper.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
12876,1355,Echinocactus williamsii Lem.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,318,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for alcohol addiction.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 318"
13486,1428,Equisetum sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,63,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Plant used like sandpaper for polishing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
14007,1506,Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,49,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of powdered root applied to wounds.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 49"
14918,1637,Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
15014,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
15015,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
15016,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
15295,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,322,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in various rituals.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322"
15296,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15297,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15298,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15299,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15300,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15532,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant gathered in green state and used only by women as perfume by tucking into the girdle.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
15533,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant tucked under women's girdles for the delicate fragrance given off during withering.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
16373,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,173,Dietary Aid,Bark used as an appetizer.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
16374,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Powdered root mixed with water and given to women during protracted labor.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
16375,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,"Root bark used for hemorrhages, especially from nose and during childbirth.","Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
16376,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used 'when kidneys failed to act.',"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
16377,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of root used as an enema and infallible remedy for constipation.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16378,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,17,g19,"89, 90",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90"
16379,1791,Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Bark used as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
16704,1835,Helianthus tuberosus L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
16705,1835,Helianthus tuberosus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,131,1,Food,,,"Noncultivated tubers eaten raw, boiled or roasted.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131"
16706,1835,Helianthus tuberosus L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,,,Tubers used as a common food article.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
16890,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16891,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a physic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16892,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16893,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Pounded, dried roots mixed with beaver dung and planted in the same hole as the sacred pole.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
16974,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Grains bound with sinew and used to make combs or hairbrushes. The grains were firmly bound with sinew, the points being broken or burned off, the grains forming the teeth, the awns bent back, making the attachment for combs or hairbrushes.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
16975,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,177,Omaha,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
16976,1858,Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth,177,Omaha,17,g19,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a ceremonial brush.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
17264,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,177,Omaha,17,g19,66,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers and in peace ceremony.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
17265,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,322,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in various rituals.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322"
17266,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used as incense.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
17267,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant used as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
17455,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used for wounds.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
17771,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed stems and leaves applied to skin for rash and eczema.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
17796,1982,Impatiens pallida Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed stems and leaves applied to skin for rash and eczema.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
18107,2017,Iris versicolor L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Paste of pulverized rootstock applied to sores and bruises.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
18108,2017,Iris versicolor L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Pulverized rootstock mixed with water or saliva and dropped in ear for earache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
18109,2017,Iris versicolor L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Rootstock used to medicate 'eye-water.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
18304,2034,Juglans nigra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,5,Dye,108,Black,Nuts used to make a black dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
18305,2034,Juglans nigra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,1,Food,56,Soup,Nuts used to make soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
18306,2034,Juglans nigra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten plain or mixed with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
18307,2034,Juglans nigra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,74,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten plain or with honey.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74"
19180,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in the sun dance ceremony and various rituals.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19181,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in the vapor bath of the purificatory rites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19182,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19183,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19184,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Plant used in the vapor bath of the purificatory rites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19185,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,"Twigs used on hot stones in vapor bath, especially in purification rites.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19186,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19187,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Twigs used as incense.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19188,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,63,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
19441,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,117,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Gourds made into rattles and used for ritualistic music. A handle was attached to the gourd and its contents were removed and replaced with small gravel or seeds from another plant.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 117"
19695,2105,Lathyrus brachycalyx ssp. brachycalyx,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,"Roasted pods eaten by children in sport, but not considered of any importance.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
19958,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
19959,2145,Lespedeza capitata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"97, 98",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Moxa of stems used in cases of rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 97, 98"
20152,2169,Liatris scariosa var. scariosa,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of powdered plants applied to external inflammation.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
20153,2169,Liatris scariosa var. scariosa,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,383,Dietary Aid,Roots used as an appetizer.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
20154,2169,Liatris scariosa var. scariosa,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant taken for abdominal troubles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
20155,2169,Liatris scariosa var. scariosa,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Roots used as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
20156,2169,Liatris scariosa var. scariosa,177,Omaha,17,g19,133134,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Chewed corm blown into nostrils of horses to strengthen them and help them.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 133134"
20416,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,Seeds used in cooking for the nutritive value and agreeable flavor.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
20551,2214,Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.,177,Omaha,17,g19,111,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Flowers chewed with gum by children, to color it yellow.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
20552,2214,Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.,177,Omaha,17,g19,111,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,"Root chewed with gum by children, to color it red.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
20927,2239,Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
21258,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,177,Omaha,17,g19,104105,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant revered and used in important ritual and ceremonial sacraments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104105"
21574,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,177,Omaha,17,g19,136,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of stems used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 136"
21575,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,177,Omaha,17,g19,136,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of stems taken by nursing mothers to increase milk flow.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 136"
21743,2355,Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
22291,2392,Malus ioensis (Wood) Britt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,86,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 86"
22545,2430,Melia azedarach L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Fruits used as good luck charm beads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
22546,2430,Melia azedarach L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Fruits used as beads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
22719,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Plant used as a carminative.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
22720,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,112113,2,Drug,119,Carminative,Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113"
22721,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
22722,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112"
23254,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as a perfume for hair oil.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
23501,2532,Morus rubra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
23502,2532,Morus rubra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
23608,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,79,1,Food,56,Soup,"Hard, nut-like seeds cracked, freed from the shells and used with meat to make soup.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23609,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,79,1,Food,,,Peeled tubers cooked with meat or hominy and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23610,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots boiled and eaten as vegetables.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
23611,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,79,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant characterized as having mystic powers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79"
23873,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,177,Omaha,17,g19,113114,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant cultivated and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113114"
23874,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,331,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant preferred for smoking because of the mild quality.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331"
24979,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded root applied to boils.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
24980,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,177,Omaha,17,g19,107,1,Food,50,Fodder,Root used to attract horses and catch them. The horses were very fond of the root and would come running if people whistled for them holding the roots in their hands and then could easily be caught.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
25178,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plants applied for swellings.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
25179,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25180,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,"Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25198,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,1,Food,50,Fodder,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25199,2712,Oxalis violacea L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,1,Food,,,"Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25741,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,177,Omaha,17,g19,92,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Peeled roots braided and dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
25742,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Thickened root eaten dried.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
25743,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,56,Soup,Thickened root cooked with soup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
25744,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,177,Omaha,17,g19,92,1,Food,,,Peeled roots eaten fresh and uncooked or cooked.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92"
25745,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,,,Thickened root eaten fresh and raw.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
26680,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits, when in sufficient quantity, dried for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26681,2914,Physalis heterophylla Nees,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a sauce for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26690,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26691,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used as a dressing for wounds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26692,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root used for stomach trouble and headache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26693,2915,Physalis lanceolata Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,113,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113"
26730,2922,Physalis viscosa L.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used to dress wounds.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
29411,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,322,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in various rituals.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322"
29412,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Leaf buds used to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
29413,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29414,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29415,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,1,Food,85,Candy,Fruit used as chewing gum by children.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29416,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,321,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used for the sacred pole and for the poles of the 'buffalo tent.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 321"
29417,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used as fuel for roasting the clays in making skin paints.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29418,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Leaves used by girls and young women to make a flute-like instrument.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29419,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,3,Other,185,Sacred Items,Plant used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29420,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Green, unopened fruits used by children as beads and ear pendants in play.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29421,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves used by children to make toy tipis.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
29422,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,177,Omaha,17,g19,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leaves used by little girls to make toy moccasins.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72"
30280,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled root bark applied to skin abrasions.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30281,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30282,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit pitted and dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
30283,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Highly valued fruit pitted and dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30284,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
30285,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,1,Food,52,Fruit,Highly valued fruit eaten fresh and raw.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30286,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30287,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,87,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,"Blossoms used as an indicator of when to plant corn, beans and squashes.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
30556,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,177,Omaha,17,g19,88,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
30557,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
30558,3175,Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Bailey) Gleason,177,Omaha,17,g19,88,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make a sauce during the fruiting season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
30849,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit pounded with the pits, made into thin cakes and dried for winter use. The dried cakes were used in winter with dried corn or cooked alone with sugar.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
30850,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh. The dried cakes were used in winter with dried corn or cooked alone with sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
31022,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,177,Omaha,17,g19,"88, 89",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Fruit prepared in unspecified way and used in old-time ceremonies.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88, 89"
31023,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,177,Omaha,17,g19,88,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit and pits pounded to a pulp, formed into small cakes, sun dried and stored for winter use.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31024,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,177,Omaha,17,g19,88,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31025,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,177,Omaha,17,g19,88,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31026,3184,Prunus virginiana var. virginiana,177,Omaha,17,g19,88,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Ripe fruit used as a indicator for the time of the Sun dance.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 88"
31591,3224,Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"80, 81",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of crushed, fresh leaves applied for rheumatism and neuralgia.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80, 81"
31592,3224,Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,80-82,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of crushed, fresh leaves applied to affected part for rheumatism.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80-82"
32295,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,1,Food,,,Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32296,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Young growths used to make popgun pistons.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
32387,3285,Quercus rubra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,5,Dye,108,Black,Bark used to make a black dye for porcupine quills.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
32388,3285,Quercus rubra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,327,1,Food,,,Acorns freed from tannic acid by boiling with wood ashes and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 327"
32389,3285,Quercus rubra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,1,Food,,,Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32480,3289,Quercus sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32481,3289,Quercus sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
32974,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for painful urination and retention of urine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
32975,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Poultice of plants applied for poisoning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
32976,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion used as wash for sores and powdered plants applied to wounds and open sores.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
32977,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves or fruits applied 'in case of poisoning of the skin.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
32978,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of root taken 'in case of retention of urine.',"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
32979,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of root used as a post-partum styptic wash.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
32980,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Decoction of fruits used as a post-partum styptic wash.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
32981,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"99, 100",2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of root taken for painful urination and retention of urine.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
32982,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Inner bark used to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
32983,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,99,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
32984,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,331,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, deveined, red leaves broken fine and used for smoking in the absence of kinnikinnick.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331"
32985,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,99,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, red leaves used for smoking.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99"
32986,3347,Rhus glabra L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"99, 100",3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Red leaves dried and used for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100"
33339,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Strong decoction of root taken for kidney trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
33637,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
33638,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
33639,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
33640,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Unripe, acidulous berries used in children's games. The children were divided into two teams and each child was given a portion of the unripe berries which were to be eaten without making a grimace.  The team less successful in completing the task had to forfeit to the winners and execute some performances for their amusement such as hopping backwards on one foot.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
33947,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,336,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Roots used for eye troubles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 336"
33948,3419,Rosa arkansana Porter,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Petals used as a perfume for hair oil.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
33952,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,177,Omaha,17,g19,85,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of fruit used as a wash for inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
33953,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,177,Omaha,17,g19,85,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Fruit sometimes eaten in times of food scarcity.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
33954,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,177,Omaha,17,g19,85,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
33955,3420,Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell,177,Omaha,17,g19,85,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85"
34552,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,177,Omaha,17,g19,"84, 85",2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of scraped root given to children for bowel trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84, 85"
34553,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,177,Omaha,17,g19,"84, 85",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of scraped root given to children for bowel trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84, 85"
34554,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34555,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34556,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34725,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"84, 85",2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of scraped root given to children for bowel trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84, 85"
34726,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"84, 85",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of scraped root given to children for bowel trouble.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84, 85"
34727,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
34728,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,84,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84"
34729,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
34730,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
35313,3485,Rumex crispus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,1,Food,,,Boiled leaves used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
35593,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,177,Omaha,17,g19,65,1,Food,,,Roasted or boiled tubers used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 65"
35594,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,,,Tubers cooked as a farinaceous food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
35595,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,341,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs boiled and eaten as vegetables.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 341"
35913,3534,Salix interior Rowlee,177,Omaha,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Peeled stems used in basketry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36249,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,322,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used for the ritual of mourning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322"
36250,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"73, 74",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Stems thrust in gashes on forearms of grieving young men at funeral ceremony.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73, 74"
36251,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Young poles used for the framework of the vapor bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
36252,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,73,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stems used in funeral customs. The burial ceremony occurred four days after the death.  The young men and friends of the family of the deceased accompanied the funeral party to the grave where they made parallel gashes in the skin of the forearm and thrust the willow stems into the gashes.  The stems were bathed with the young men's blood who attested their sympathy to the living and sang the tribal Song to the Spirit.  The song was one of cheer to the departing spirit and one of sympathy to the bereaved.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36741,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,1,Food,27,Beverage,Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36742,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
36743,3566,Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Larger stems used by small boys to make popguns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
37051,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,83,5,Dye,136,Red,Root boiled with objects as a red dye.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
37052,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,83,5,Dye,,,Root used as a decorative skin stain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83"
37053,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used as a red skin stain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
37505,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,177,Omaha,17,g19,69,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems used to weave into matting.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69"
37788,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
37789,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,106,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37790,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,106,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 106"
37791,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
38008,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of root given to horses as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38009,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,335,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Roots given to horses as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335"
38010,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38011,3686,Silphium laciniatum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132,1,Food,85,Candy,Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38036,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used in smoke treatment for neuralgia.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38037,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Smoke from burning plant inhaled for pain.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
38038,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Root used in smoke treatment for rheumatism.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38039,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Root used in smoke treatment for headcold.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38040,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,334,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burning plant inhaled for head colds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
38041,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,132,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Rootstock used in the vapor bath.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
38203,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Fruits used for hoarseness.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
38204,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for their pleasant taste.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
38474,3744,Solidago sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,133,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,"Blooms used as an indicator of corn ripening. The goldenrod served the Omaha as a mark or sign in their floral calendar.  When they were on the summer buffalo hunt, the sight of the goldenrod indicated to them that their corn was beginning to ripen at home.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 133"
38604,3769,Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link,177,Omaha,17,g19,66,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Plant used to support earth coverings of lodges in permanent villages.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66"
39139,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39146,3855,Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves used as wash for weak or inflamed eyes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
39696,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,177,Omaha,17,g19,80,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Hollow stems used by small boys to make toy flutes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 80"
40376,3959,Tilia americana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
40377,3959,Tilia americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
40378,3959,Tilia americana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make ropes and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
40473,3973,Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,100,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
41311,4049,Typha latifolia L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Down used as a dressing for burns and scalds.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41312,4049,Typha latifolia L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,322,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in various rituals.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322"
41313,4049,Typha latifolia L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Down used on infants to prevent chafing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41314,4049,Typha latifolia L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"64, 65",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Down used on infants to prevent chafing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 64, 65"
41315,4049,Typha latifolia L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaf used as one of the required articles in dressing the sacred pipes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
41423,4050,Typha sp.,177,Omaha,124,ff11,584,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Pulverized root used as paste for burns and covered with ripe blossoms.,"Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584"
41464,4051,Ulmus americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41465,4051,Ulmus americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41466,4051,Ulmus americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41467,4051,Ulmus americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Wood used for saddle trees.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41468,4051,Ulmus americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41469,4051,Ulmus americana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
41551,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of inner bark taken as a laxative.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41552,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
41553,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41554,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41555,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make ropes and cordage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
41556,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,83,Preservative,Bark cooked with rendering fat as a preservative.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
41557,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Inner bark cooked with buffalo fat as a preservative, to prevent it from becoming rancid.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41558,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Bark cooked with rendering fat and prized by children as special tidbits.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
41559,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,325,1,Food,86,Spice,Bark cooked with rendering fat as a flavoring.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325"
41560,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,1,Food,86,Spice,Inner bark cooked with buffalo fat for its desirable flavor when rendering out the tallow.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41561,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,1,Food,,,Inner bark cooked with buffalo fat and prized by children as tidbits.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41562,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41563,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,3,Other,37,Fuel,Weathered bark used to catch the spark in firemaking.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41564,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41565,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,76,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76"
41566,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,177,Omaha,17,g19,116,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116"
41603,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41604,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as fuel.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41605,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Wood used for saddle trees.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41606,4054,Ulmus thomasii Sarg.,177,Omaha,17,g19,75,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75"
41799,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage. The fiber was separated from the nettle by either crumpling the dried stalks in the hands or gently pounding it with stones.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41800,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Dried stalk fiber used to make cloth.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41801,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Dried stalk fiber made into cloth and used in the Sacred Bundle of the Tent of War.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41802,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Dried stalk fiber made into ropes and used to hobble horses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
41803,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,177,Omaha,17,g19,77,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant fiber used by little boys as wadding for popguns.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77"
42881,4108,Verbena hastata L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,111,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111"
42891,4113,Verbena stricta Vent.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
43111,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten from the hand, but not gathered in quantity.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43132,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,115,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stalks without the pith used to make popguns in the absence of elderberry.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115"
43321,4166,Viola sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,103,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Violets used by children in playing games. The children separated into two teams, one team taking the name of their tribe and the other of another tribe such as the Dakota.  Each team collected violets and the two parties sat down facing each other and snapped violets at each other until there were none remaining.  The victorious team taunted the other as being poor fighters.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 103"
43402,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43403,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43441,4177,Vitis riparia Michx.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
43442,4177,Vitis riparia Michx.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
43516,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
43517,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
43518,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,326,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh in season.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326"
43519,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102"
44152,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,2,Drug,,,Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified illnesses.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44153,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves macerated to clear the fibers and with the sharp leaf points attached, twined into thread.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44154,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Sharp leaf points used as needles.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44155,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,177,Omaha,17,g19,71,3,Other,106,Soap,"Root used like soap, especially for washing the hair.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71"
44353,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,323,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Fruits used by young men as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323"
44354,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,177,Omaha,17,g19,98,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Fruits used by young men as perfume.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
44487,4244,Zea mays L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Ripe corn hulled with lye from ashes and used to make hominy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44488,4244,Zea mays L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,67,1,Food,75,Staple,"Ripe, parched corn ground into a meal and used for food.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44489,4244,Zea mays L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,68,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sun dried corn silks ground with parched corn for sweetness.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
44490,4244,Zea mays L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,68,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Sun dried corn silks stored for future use.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
44491,4244,Zea mays L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,68,3,Other,58,Protection,"Chewed seeds scattered around the corn fields to protect the harvest from blackbirds. When the corn was approaching maturity, blackbirds attacked the fields for food.  To prevent further damage, men chewed some grains and scattered them around the corn fields to deter the birds from the fields.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68"
44645,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,328,1,Food,75,Staple,Grains used as a staple food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 328"
44646,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,67,1,Food,75,Staple,Rice considered an important dietary element.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"