id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
96,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Needle-like leaves used as part of the ceremony involving the sweatbath.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
97,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Balsam gum used for colds and leaf smoke inhaled for colds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
98,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Plant used as a cough medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
99,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Balsam gum used for sores and compound containing leaves used as a wash.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
100,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Needle-like leaves used as part of the medicine for the sweatbath.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
101,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Liquid balsam from bark blister used for sore eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
102,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver and used in compound as a wash.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
103,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Resin boiled twice and added to suet or fat to make a canoe pitch.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
559,27,Acer negundo L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,353,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of inner bark taken as an emetic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353"
560,27,Acer negundo L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap mixed with the sap of the sugar maple and used as a beverage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
574,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
575,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
576,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
594,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
595,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
624,32,Acer rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,353,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353"
625,32,Acer rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,412,3,Other,167,Designs,"Leaf frequently used in the Ojibwe beadwork designs. Many leaves, flowers and fruits furnish designs.  Since the plants are sacred to their midewiwin or medicine lodge, it is common for them to use especially valuable remedies in their designs.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 412"
655,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,232,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"
656,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
657,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
658,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
702,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Sap saved to drink as it comes from the tree, alone or mixed with box elder or birch sap.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
703,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,163,Sour,Sap allowed to sour to make vinegar and mixed with maple sugar to cook sweet and sour meat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
704,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,135,Sweetener,"Maple sugar used to season all kinds of meats, replaced now with salt. Smith describes in detail the process by which the Ojibwe make maple syrup.  Although now (1932) they use iron kettles, originally the sap and storage vessels were 'made of birch bark, sewed with boiled basswood fiber or the core of the jack pine root.'  The vessels are rendered waterproof by the application of pitch secured by boiling jack pine cones.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
705,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls and many other objects of utility.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
706,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make paddles for stirring maple sugar or wild rice while scorching or parching it.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
720,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,353,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of pith used as a wash for sore eyes and pith used to remove foreign matter.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353"
721,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,3,Other,167,Designs,Three-lobed leaf was a great favorite with Ojibwe women for design work for beading.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
722,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
723,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
906,38,Achillea millefolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Florets smoked for ceremonial purposes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362"
907,38,Achillea millefolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Florets placed on coals and smoke inhaled to break a fever.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362"
1032,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Compound containing flowering heads smoked for ceremonial purposes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362"
1033,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to spider bite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362"
1034,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
1035,42,Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
1340,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
1341,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Root used as a quick acting physic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
1342,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Root used for cold in the throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
1343,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
1344,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2247,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Used as a heart stimulant.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2247"
1345,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,428,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Root and sarsaparilla root made into tea and used on gill nets to bring a fine catch of white fish.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428"
1346,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2247,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed for sore throat.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2247"
1347,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root used for 'a cold in the throat.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
1348,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2309,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots chewed for sore throat.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2309"
1349,55,Acorus calamus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2247,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Used to make a throat tonic for singers.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2247"
1458,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root eaten by men for stomach troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
1459,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root taken after childbirth 'to clear up the system.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
1931,109,Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,383384,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Compound containing root used as a medicine for urinary troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383384"
2150,141,Allium cernuum Roth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Used in the spring as an article of food, the small wild onion was sweet.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
2296,163,Allium tricoccum Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Large, bitter, wild leek gathered in spring and dried for future use.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
2370,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root taken as astringent and coagulant after bloody stools.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
2371,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Inner bark used for dyeing light yellow or with other ingredients for red, red brown or black.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
3118,210,Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
3122,211,Amelanchier laevis Wieg.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of bark taken by expectant mothers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
3123,211,Amelanchier laevis Wieg.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,408,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries used for food and dried for winter use, the Indians preferred them to blueberries.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408"
3217,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,,,"Roots cooked, although really too small to be considered of much importance.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
3218,227,Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Beans cooked, unusual flavor imparted and eaten.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
3271,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362363,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Powdered flowers sprinkled on coals and smoke inhaled to revive stroke victim.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362363"
3281,238,Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla (Link) DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves and tips boiled for a beverage tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
3331,248,Anemone canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382383,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Root eaten to clear throat so one can sing well in medicine lodge ceremony.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382383"
3332,248,Anemone canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382383,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root eaten to clear throat so one can sing well in ceremonies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382383"
3342,249,Anemone cylindrica Gray,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,383,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of root taken for lung congestion and tuberculosis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"
3343,249,Anemone cylindrica Gray,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,383,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of root used for lung congestion and tuberculosis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"
3607,276,Antennaria howellii ssp. neodioica (Greene) Bayer,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of herb taken after childbirth to purge afterbirth and to heal.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
3675,284,Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used to make baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
3676,284,Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"In the olden times, used ceremonially because of its persistent sweet scent.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
3756,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354355,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root smoke inhaled for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3757,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354355,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Root, considered sacred, eaten during the medicine lodge ceremony.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3758,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,428,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Roots eaten during the medicine lodge ceremony. The roots are also chewed to keep the other witch doctors from affecting one with an evil charm.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428"
3759,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354355,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3760,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354355,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3761,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354355,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Root used for coated tongue and headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3762,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354355,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root eaten for throat trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3763,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Outer rind used for fine sewing. In the fall, when mature, this plant makes one of the strongest native fibers, stronger even than the cultivated hemp to which it is related.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
3903,300,Aquilegia canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,383,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root considered a good medicine for stomach trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"
4063,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion of leaves taken for fits.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4064,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken as a blood medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4065,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of plants taken as a blood medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
4066,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,356,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded root applied to boils and carbuncles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 356"
4067,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,428,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Roots & sweet flag made into tea & used to soak gill nets before setting out to catch fish at night.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428"
4068,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of leaves taken for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4158,319,Aralia racemosa L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
4266,327,Arctium lappa L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Roots used as a blood medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4300,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
4301,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound containing root used for stomach pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
4302,328,Arctium minus Bernh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Root supposed to have tonic effect.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
4333,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4334,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4335,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Leaves used for medicine ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4336,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves smoked to cause intoxication.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4337,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4338,332,Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4615,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4616,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4617,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Leaves used for medicine ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4618,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves smoked to cause intoxication.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4619,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4620,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4848,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,356,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Root used for sore eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 356"
4849,367,Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
5407,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant used as a horse medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
6035,421,Asarum canadense L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,357,2,Drug,297,Dietary Aid,Root chewed by sick person as an appetite stimulant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357"
6036,421,Asarum canadense L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2250,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots chewed or infusion of roots taken for stomach pain.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2250"
6037,421,Asarum canadense L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,"Roots render any meat dish digestible by anyone, even if they are sick.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
6038,421,Asarum canadense L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,86,Spice,Roots processed in lye water and used to season food and take muddy taste away from fish.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
6310,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,357,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Root used as a female remedy for unspecified ailment.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357"
6311,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2205,1,Food,,,Young pods cooked with salt and vinegar.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205"
6312,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fresh flowers and shoot tips, mucilaginous like okra when cooked, used in meat soups.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
6313,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2205,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots and flower buds cooked like spinach.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205"
6314,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Dried flowers, freshened in the winter time, made into soup.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
6315,446,Asclepias syriaca L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,428,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Milk and Canada hawkweed milk used to put on a deer call to imitate the call of a hungry fawn.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428"
6579,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Grated dried root used as healing powder for sores.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
6580,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root induced milk flow in patients with caked breast.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
7007,556,Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
7008,556,Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,5,Dye,,,Plant used in the native coloring.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
7084,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
7085,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7086,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make birch bark canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7087,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap and maple sap used for a pleasant beverage drink.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
7088,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7089,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,32,Containers,"Bark used to make storage containers, sap dishes, rice baskets, buckets, trays and winnowing dishes.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7090,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make dishes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7110,576,Betula lenta L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7111,576,Betula lenta L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make birch bark canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7112,576,Betula lenta L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7113,576,Betula lenta L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,32,Containers,"Bark used to make storage containers, sap dishes, rice baskets, buckets, trays and winnowing dishes.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7114,576,Betula lenta L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make dishes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7227,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Root used as a seasoner for medicines.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
7228,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root bark cooked with maple sugar as syrup for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
7229,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
7230,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound decoction of root bark taken to alleviate stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
7231,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,136,Red,Innermost bark boiled to extract a reddish dye.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
7232,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark stripped and used to make emergency trays or buckets in the woods.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7233,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for buckets and baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7234,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Baskets made for gathering and storing berries, maple sugar, dried fish, meat or any food.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7235,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for wigwam coverings.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7236,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7237,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Sheets of bark sewn together, made into rolls and used as waterproof roofing for wigwams.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7238,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used for canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7239,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make birch bark canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7240,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Heavy pieces of bark used to make very durable canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7241,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,1,Food,83,Preservative,Birch bark keeps the food stored in it from spoiling.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7242,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7243,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,32,Containers,"Bark used to make small vessels, pails and trays.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7244,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,32,Containers,"Bark used to make storage containers, sap dishes, rice baskets, buckets, trays and winnowing dishes.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7245,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make all sorts of drying trays.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7246,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make dishes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7247,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make funnels for pouring hot lard.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7248,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make shallow trays for winnowing wild rice.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7249,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Nearly any kitchen utensil common to the white man, could be duplicated in birch bark by the Ojibwe.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7250,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,3,Other,37,Fuel,"After stripping a felled tree of its bark, it was salvaged for firewood.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7251,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,3,Other,37,Fuel,Scraps of bark used by women to kindle or light fires.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7252,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,416,3,Other,145,Lighting,"Bark rolled into a handy, burn all night torch. The Ojibwe often used a torch of rolled birch bark in lieu of candles.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
7253,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,3,Other,143,Paper,Patterns for decorative art made upon the bark.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
7254,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,3,Other,143,Paper,Records of medicine lodge rituals kept on its virgin surface.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7255,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,3,Other,143,Paper,There were many layers of bark ranging from the thinnest paper to quite heavy pieces.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7256,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,3,Other,328,Preservative,Wood had the property of protecting articles stored in it from decay.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7257,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,3,Other,58,Protection,"Ojibwe claim that birch was never struck by lightning, hence offered a safe harbor in thunderstorms.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7258,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,3,Other,185,Sacred Items,"No birch was gathered by the Ojibwe without due offering of tobacco to Winabojo & Grandmother Earth. Families made a pilgrimage to birch groves during the latter part of June and in July to gather their supply of birch bark, because it peels most easily at that time.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7259,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,3,Other,185,Sacred Items,"Paper birch and cedar form the two most sacred trees of the Ojibwe, both of which were very useful.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7260,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,414,3,Other,185,Sacred Items,The Ojibwe regard the bark as a distinct 'contribution from Winabojo.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414"
7323,584,Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of cones taken during menses and for strength after childbirth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
7324,584,Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Smoke of cones inhaled for catarrh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
7325,584,Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs of this dwarf birch used for the ribs of baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
7415,605,Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,377,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Plant said to be good for lung trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377"
7416,605,Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,377,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Plant said to be good for consumption.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377"
7526,621,Brassica rapa var. rapa,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,232,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"
7805,685,Caltha palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,408,1,Food,,,Leaves cooked with pork in the spring time.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408"
7938,713,Campanula rotundifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,360,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Compound containing root used for lung troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 360"
8044,730,Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2207,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Ground roots mixed with salt, sugar or vinegar and used as a condiment or relish.","Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2207"
8049,732,Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots used as a good medicine for the stomach.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
8050,732,Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Favored wild potatoes cooked with corn and deer meat or beans and deer meat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
8354,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,,,Edible nuts were appreciated.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
8355,767,Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used for making bows. Some are quite particular about the piece of wood they select, choosing a billet from the tree that includes heart wood on one side and sap wood on the other.  The heart wood is the front of the bow in use, while the sap wood is nearest the user.  It is a wood of general utility.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
8578,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used for stomach cramps accompanying painful menstruation.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
8579,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of root taken as an emetic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
8580,806,Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,358,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Root used for stomach cramps accompanying painful menstruation.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358"
8765,820,Celastrus scandens L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Berries used for stomach trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362"
8766,820,Celastrus scandens L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,233,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 233"
8767,820,Celastrus scandens L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,56,Soup,"Inner bark used to make a thick soup when other food unobtainable in the winter. The Ojibwe name of the bitter-sweet is 'manidobima' kwit' which means 'spirit twisted' and 'refers to the twisted intestines of the their culture hero, Winabojo.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
9137,862,Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried leaves used as a beverage tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
9301,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,376,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded root applied to boils and carbuncles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376"
9416,894,Chenopodium album L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
9417,894,Chenopodium album L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2209,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plant cooked as greens.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2209"
9643,915,Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,368,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant used for stomach troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 368"
9878,942,Cicuta maculata L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,432,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Root used in hunting medicine smoked to attract the buck deer near enough to shoot with bow & arrow.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432"
9879,942,Cicuta maculata L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,390,2,Drug,,,Root used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390"
9918,951,Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used as a 'bowel tonic.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
10046,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root used by men and women for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
10047,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root used by men and women for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
10403,1031,Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Root applied to draw poison from bite made by dog which has eaten the plant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373"
10404,1031,Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,430,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots used on wound caused by dog's northern clintonia poisoned teeth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430"
10405,1031,Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root used to aid parturition.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373"
10406,1031,Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,430,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots chewed by dogs to poison their teeth and kills animals they bite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430"
10435,1041,Coeloglossum viride var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,431,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used as a sort of love charm and often put to bad use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431"
10436,1041,Coeloglossum viride var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,377,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Root smuggled into another's food as an aphrodisiac.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377"
10500,1052,Comarum palustre L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384385,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used alone for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384385"
10501,1052,Comarum palustre L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384385,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384385"
10539,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves taken for flux and stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
10540,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach cramps and flux.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
10541,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for stomach cramps and flux.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
10542,1055,Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,1,Food,83,Preservative,Leaves used to line buckets when picking blueberries and cover them to prevent spoiling.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
10621,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Disk florets smoked as one of the hunting charms.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
10673,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,383,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Decoction of root used as a wash for sore mouth and to soothe mouth of teething baby.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"
10674,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,383,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of root used to soothe mouth of teething baby.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"
10675,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Golden-colored roots added to other plant dyes to emphasize the yellow color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
10676,1072,Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,114,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots boiled to obtain a yellow dye.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114"
10789,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Inner bark used as an emetic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366"
10790,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Twigs used for thatching and various other purposes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
10791,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Root boiled to wash muskrat traps and make it lure the muskrat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
10792,1088,Cornus alternifolia L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Bark used for kinnikinnick.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
10851,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366367,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root used for infant colic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366367"
10852,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366367,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of root used for infant colic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366367"
10946,1098,Cornus racemosa Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,367,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of bark used for flux.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 367"
10947,1098,Cornus racemosa Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,367,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Bark forced into the anus for piles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 367"
10948,1098,Cornus racemosa Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Bark used to make kinnikinnick for smoking.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
10949,1098,Cornus racemosa Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Peeled, toasted, shredded twig bark used in the kinnikinnick or native smoking tobacco.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
10959,1100,Cornus sericea L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Bark smoked for various ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
10960,1100,Cornus sericea L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
11088,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Bark smoked for various ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
11168,1107,Corydalis aurea Willd.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,370,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root smoke inhaled to clear the head and revive the patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 370"
11221,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,359,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled bark applied to help close and heal cuts.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 359"
11222,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Seed hulls and butternut boiled together and the hull tannic acid sat the black butternut color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
11223,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Finer twigs used as ribs in making woven baskets for collecting/storing acorns or hard fruits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
11224,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,"Finer twigs bound into a bundle, with the tips sheared, to serve as a broom or brush.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
11225,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten as food and newly gathered nuts before the kernel had hardened were favored.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
11226,1110,Corylus americana Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Crooked stick with an enlarged base made the favorite drum stick.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
11309,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,359,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Hairs of husk used as a medicine to expel worms.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 359"
11310,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,359,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled bark applied to help close and heal cuts.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 359"
11311,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten as a food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
11312,1113,Corylus cornuta var. cornuta,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,242,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242"
11337,1122,Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
11438,1131,Crataegus sp.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Fruit and bark used to make a medicine for women only.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
11439,1131,Crataegus sp.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,52,Fruit,Haw apples used as a food in the fall.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
11440,1131,Crataegus sp.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,431,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bark smoked to attract deer while hunting.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431"
11441,1131,Crataegus sp.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,3,Other,17,Tools,Sharp thorns used for sewing awls on finer work such as buckskin sewing with sinew.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
11576,1158,Cucumis sativus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Cucumbers eaten raw and sometimes flavored with maple sap vinegar and powdered maple sugar.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
11652,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,367,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of seeds taken as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 367"
11653,1162,Cucurbita maxima Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Squash rings dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
11730,1164,Cucurbita pepo L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pumpkin rings dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
11867,1195,Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,359360,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant burned on live coals and fumes inhaled for headaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 359360"
11954,1209,Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,377,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Root used for all female troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377"
12509,1298,Diervilla lonicera P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,360,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Compound containing root used as a valued urinary remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 360"
12621,1317,Dirca palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,390,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of bark taken as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390"
12622,1317,Dirca palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2306,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of twigs taken for urinary infections.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2306"
12623,1317,Dirca palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Used for withes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
12699,1337,Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root used for stomach trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
12942,1369,Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,367368,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root used as a bitter medicine for stomach troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 367368"
12943,1369,Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,367368,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of root used as a tonic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 367368"
13077,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
13312,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,368,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of whole plant used for dropsy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 368"
13313,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant gathered to feed domesticated ducks and fed to ponies to make their coats glossy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
13380,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
13381,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Handful of stems used to scour the kettles and pans.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
13470,1425,Equisetum palustre L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion or decoction of plants taken for stomach or bowel troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
13471,1425,Equisetum palustre L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
13505,1429,Equisetum sylvaticum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,368,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney trouble and dropsy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 368"
13790,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke of dried flowers inhaled for headcold.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
13791,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Snuff of pulverized flowers used to cause sneezing to loosen headcolds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
13792,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of flowers used to break fevers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
13793,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by deer and cows.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
13794,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Disk florets smoked to attract the buck deer. They say that cows and deer eat the blossoms.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
13795,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Plant used in the smoking tobacco or kinnikinnick mixture.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
13826,1485,Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for sick headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
14200,1539,Eriophorum callitrix Cham. ex C.A. Mey.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,368,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Matted fuzz used as a 'hemostatic.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 368"
14566,1582,Eupatorium purpureum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Strong solution of root used as strengthening wash for infants.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364"
14595,1586,Euphorbia corollata L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of pounded root taken before eating as a physic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369"
14633,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root used to bathe the head for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
14634,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Plant smoked as one of the hunting charms to attract deer.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
14635,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,363,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Plant used as a charm in hunting.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
14636,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,2,Drug,,,Young and tender leaves eaten and act as a medicine at the same time that they are food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
14637,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,56,Soup,Roots used as a soup material.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
14638,1595,Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,,,Young and tender leaves eaten and act as a medicine at the same time that they are food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
14641,1597,Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of flowers taken for chest pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366"
14642,1597,Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Flowers used in the hunting medicine and smoked to simulate the odor of a deer's hoof.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
14643,1597,Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Plant used in a hunting medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366"
14690,1603,Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,401,1,Food,,,Sweet nuts much appreciated and never enough to store for winter.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401"
15001,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion taken for stomachaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
15002,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of root used, especially for babies, for stomachache.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
15003,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of root used, especially for babies, for stomachache.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
15004,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2220,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh or preserved.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220"
15005,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used in season.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
15006,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make preserves for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
15007,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2220,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries used fresh or preserved.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220"
15035,1641,Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
15212,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,2,Drug,,,Root bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
15213,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to make canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
15214,1655,Fraxinus americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
15261,1659,Fraxinus nigra Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used for basketry splints.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15289,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,376,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Compound containing inner bark used as a tonic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376"
15290,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,All ash wood quite valuable and used for basketry splints.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15291,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,All ash wood quite valuable and used for cradle boards.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15292,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,All ash wood quite valuable and used for snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15293,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,,,"Cambium layer scraped down in long, fluffy layers and cooked. They say it tastes like eggs.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
15294,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,All ash wood quite valuable and used for bows and arrows.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15475,1682,Galium aparine L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of whole plant used as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
15476,1682,Galium aparine L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of whole plant used for kidney trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
15477,1682,Galium aparine L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Infusion of whole plant used for gravel, urine stoppage and allied ailments.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
15515,1689,Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386387,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of whole plant used for 'beneficial effect upon the respiratory organs.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386387"
15516,1690,Galium trifidum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used for skin diseases like eczema and ringworm.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
15517,1690,Galium trifidum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of plant used for skin diseases like scrofula.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
15613,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of leaves taken for rheumatism and 'to make one feel good.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369"
15614,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),"Young, tender leaves used as a beverage tea and rheumatic medicine.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
15615,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 17"
15616,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Young, tender leaves used as a beverage tea and rheumatic medicine.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
15617,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
15618,1702,Gaultheria procumbens L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 239"
15743,1707,Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
15838,1727,Geranium maculatum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,370371,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Root used for flux and sore mouth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 370371"
15839,1727,Geranium maculatum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,370371,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Root used for sore mouths and flux.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 370371"
15900,1735,Geum macrophyllum Willd.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant used as a female remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
16017,1754,Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,371,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Root used as a female remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371"
16489,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2274,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of plant taken for cold fevers.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2274"
16490,1806,Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2274,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant taken for upset stomachs.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2274"
16877,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,390,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pounded, fresh root applied to sores.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390"
16878,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,432,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,"Root used to smudge a fire and drive away a bad spirit from the camp of the hunter. There is a bad spirit who is always present trying to steal away one's luck in hunting game.  He must be driven away from the camp of the hunter by smudging a fire with the roots.  This gets into the spirit's eyes and he cannot see the hunter leave the camp, so naturally does not follow and bother him.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432"
16879,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,432,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,"Seeds used to smudge a fire and drive away a bad spirit from the camp of the hunter. There is a bad spirit who is always present trying to steal away one's luck in hunting game.  He must be driven away from the camp of the hunter by smudging a fire with the seeds.  This gets into the spirit's eyes and he cannot see the hunter leave the camp, so naturally does not follow and bother him.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432"
16880,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used as greens.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
16881,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,432,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Roots boiled and sprinkled on the fishing nets to lure fish.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432"
17168,1886,Hieracium canadense Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Flowers used to make a hunting lure and mixed with other hunting charms.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
17169,1886,Hieracium canadense Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Roots nibbled when hunting to attract a doe.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
17453,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of herb taken as a diuretic and to reduce acidity of urine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
17454,1920,Humulus lupulus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,411,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,Hop fruit often used as a substitute for baking soda.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 411"
17546,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,371,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Root used by men, women and children 'to keep flux in check.'","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371"
17547,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,371,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Root used by men, women or children to 'keep flux in check.'","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371"
17548,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,1,Food,50,Fodder,Root chopped and put into pony feed to make them grow fat and have glossy hair.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
17549,1936,Hydrophyllum virginianum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots fed to ponies to make them fatten rapidly.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
17729,1979,Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Bark used for diarrhea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
17768,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,357358,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Juice of fresh plant rubbed on head for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357358"
17769,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,357358,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357358"
17770,1981,Impatiens capensis Meerb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,72,Yellow,"Whole plant used to make a yellow dye, the material boiled in the mixture with rusty nails.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
17795,1982,Impatiens pallida Nutt.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2311,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Juice rubbed on sores.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2311"
18104,2017,Iris versicolor L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,371,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of root taken as a 'quick physic.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371"
18105,2017,Iris versicolor L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,371,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of root taken as an emetic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371"
18106,2017,Iris versicolor L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,430,3,Other,58,Protection,"Used as a charm against snakes. When blueberry picking, everyone carries a piece of this plant in his clothes and will handle it every little while to perpetuate the scent.  They believe that snakes will shun them while so protected.  They say that the Arizona Indians use it when they hold their snake dances and are never struck as long as their clothes are fumigated with it.  They also chew it to get the odor into their mouths, preparatory to taking rattlesnakes into their teeth.  The rattlesnake never offers to bite them so long as the scent of the blue flag persists.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430"
18223,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,150,Brown,"Nut hulls used as best brown dye, because it was attained from the tree at any time of the year. Butternut was usually used in other combinations for brown and black colors.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
18224,2031,Juglans cinerea L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
18349,2041,Juncus dudleyi Wieg.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Tiny rush used in the finest mat work and for small pieces.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
18389,2049,Juncus stygius L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to weave mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18554,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18555,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18556,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18557,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18558,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18559,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Pulp wood and wood posts sold to make paper and fencing.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18560,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Split strips thatched and placed on graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18600,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18601,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18602,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18603,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18604,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18605,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 17"
18606,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Pulp wood and wood posts sold to make paper and fencing.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
18607,2057,Juniperus horizontalis Moench,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Split strips thatched and placed on graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19172,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19173,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19174,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19175,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19176,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19177,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Pulp wood and wood posts sold to make paper and fencing.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19178,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Split strips thatched and placed on graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19372,2083,Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,364365,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant used for caked breast and to ease lactation.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364365"
19373,2083,Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used in the same manner as the Canada hawkweed to attract a doe to them for a close shot.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
19438,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Gourds eaten young, before the rind had hardened.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
19439,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Gourds used to make rattles for the medicine lodge.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
19440,2090,Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,400,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Gourds used to make drinking and dipping cups.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400"
19467,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391392,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of root taken as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391392"
19468,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391392,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of root used for various urinary ailments.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391392"
19469,2093,Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Rind of this nettle used by the old people as a sewing fiber.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
19522,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378379,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Dried leaves used as an inhalant and fumigator.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378379"
19523,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,,,Infusion of roots and bark used as a general medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
19524,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root fibers used to make durable bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
19525,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used to sew canoes and used as the strong upper wrappings over the canoe edges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
19526,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used to sew canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
19527,2099,Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used as a sewing material.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
19712,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,372373,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for stomach trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372373"
19713,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,372373,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Foliage fed to a pony to make him lively for a race.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372373"
19714,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves and roots used to put spirit into a pony just before they expected to race him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
19715,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
19716,2112,Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots used as a sort of Indian potato and stored in deep garden pits, like regular potatoes.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
19719,2113,Lathyrus palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant fed to a sick pony to make him fat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373"
19720,2113,Lathyrus palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,419,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage was specially fed to a pony to make it grow fat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
19721,2113,Lathyrus palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peas used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
19834,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 17"
19835,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,401,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Tender leaves used for beverage tea, a well known tea, and sometimes eaten with the tea.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401"
20340,2197,Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,389,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Compound containing plant used as a bronchial inhalant in the sweat lodge.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 389"
20341,2197,Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,389,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Compound containing dried plant used as a bronchial inhalant in the sweat lodge.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 389"
21505,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried leaves used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
21513,2324,Lycopodium obscurum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Plant combined with Diervilla lonicera and taken as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
22037,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for headache and sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22038,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant used 'to keep the kidneys open during pregnancy.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22039,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used 'to keep the kidneys open during pregnancy.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22040,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant used for sore throat and headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22041,2378,Maianthemum canadense Desf.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,373374,2,Drug,,,Smoke inhaled for unspecified purpose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373374"
22110,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Compound containing root used for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22111,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound containing root taken 'to keep kidneys open during pregnancy.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22112,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound containing root taken 'to keep kidneys open during pregnancy.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22113,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Root used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22114,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound containing root used for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
22115,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,50,Fodder,Roots added to oats to make a pony grow fat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
22116,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Roots soaked in lye water, parboiled to get rid of the lye and cooked like potatoes.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
22184,2387,Malaxis unifolia Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,377,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Compound containing root used as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377"
22200,2390,Malus coronaria var. coronaria,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
22541,2429,Melampyrum lineare Desr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,389,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plant used as a 'little medicine for the eyes.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 389"
22701,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,371372,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of entire plant taken as a blood remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371372"
22702,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,371372,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Plant used in the sweatbath.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371372"
22703,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,371372,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of leaves taken for fevers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371372"
22704,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plants taken for stomach troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
22705,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,27,Beverage,Foliage used to make a beverage tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
23070,2490,Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,375,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Root used for sprains and swellings.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375"
23154,2494,Mitchella repens L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,239,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Leaves smoked during ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 239"
23248,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2274,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion of plant taken or used as a bath for infant convulsions.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2274"
23249,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2274,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of flowers taken for fevers.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2274"
23250,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2274,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant taken or used as a bath for infant convulsions.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2274"
23251,2504,Monarda fistulosa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,372,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Plant boiled and steam inhaled 'to cure catarrh and bronchial affections.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372"
23317,2508,Monarda punctata L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plants taken for stomach or bowel troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
23318,2508,Monarda punctata L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
23319,2508,Monarda punctata L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,2,Drug,,,Plant used as a rubbing medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
23567,2557,Myrica gale L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,150,Brown,"In the fall, the branch tips grow into an abortive scale and boiled to yield a brown dye stuff.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
23568,2557,Myrica gale L.,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,114,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Seeds boiled to obtain a yellow dye.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114"
23606,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,,,Hard chestnut-like seeds roasted and made into a sweet meal.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
23607,2570,Nelumbo lutea Willd.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,,,"Shoots cooked with venison, corn or beans. The terminal shoots are cut off at either end of the underground creeping rootstock and the remainder is their potato.  These shoots are similar in shape and size to a banana, and form the starchy storage reservoirs for future growth.  They have pores inside, but have more substance to them than the stems.  They are cut crosswise and strung upon basswood strings, to hang from the rafters for winter use.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
23627,2571,Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loes.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,355,2,Drug,,,Berries used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355"
23680,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,372,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken as a blood purifier.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372"
23681,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,372,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of leaves used to bathe a patient to raise the body temperature.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372"
23682,2574,Nepeta cataria L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,405,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
24072,2595,Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,376,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of grated root applied to sores and powdered root used for cuts and swellings.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376"
24161,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,376,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Root used as a cough medicine for tuberculosis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376"
24162,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,376,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Root used as a cough medicine for tuberculosis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376"
24163,2599,Nymphaea odorata Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,,,Buds eaten before opening.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
24280,2614,Oenothera biennis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,376,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of soaked, whole plant applied to bruises.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376"
24395,2634,Onoclea sensibilis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of powdered, dried root used by patients with caked breast for milk flow.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
24964,2694,Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root used to ease parturition.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
24965,2694,Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
24977,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root used to ease parturition.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
24978,2696,Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
25552,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,411,1,Food,47,Special Food,Root cooked and given as a special food by Winabojo.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 411"
25553,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,411,1,Food,,,Root cooked and eaten.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 411"
25586,2764,Pastinaca sativa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound infusion of minute quantity of root taken for female troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
25587,2764,Pastinaca sativa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root powerful in small amounts and poisonous in large amounts.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
25657,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2304,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for stomach ulcers.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2304"
25658,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,432,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,"Chopped root added to food as a love charm. The root was added to some dish of food that was cooking, without the knowledge of the people who were going to eat it, and if they had been quarrelsome, then they became lovers again.  However, the informant said that it was too often put to bad uses.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432"
25659,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,389390,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Finely cut root secretly added to another's food as an aphrodisiac.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 389390"
25660,2770,Pedicularis canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2304,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of fresh or dried leaves taken for sore throats.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2304"
26328,2871,Phaseolus lunatus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"The Ojibwe claim to have originally had the lima bean, but that is doubtful.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
26359,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Original source of all best commercial pole beans, used alone or in many peculiar combinations.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
26360,2873,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Similar to the white man's Navy bean.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
26984,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Dried leaves used as an inhalant and fumigator.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27117,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27118,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion of roots and bark used for trembling and fits.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27119,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27120,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver and bark used as a medicinal salt.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27121,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,,,Bark used as a medicinal salt.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27122,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Roots used to sew canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
27123,2935,Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Boiled resin and tallow used to make pitch for caulking canoes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
27374,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Plant used for fits.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27375,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
27376,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27377,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
27378,2952,Pinus banksiana Lamb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used as fine sewing material for canoes and other coarse and durable sewing.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28096,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Powdered, dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28097,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,,,Bark and cones used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28098,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Resin boiled twice, added to tallow and used for mending roof rolls of birch bark.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28099,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,"Resin boiled twice, added to tallow and used for caulking canoes.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28100,2973,Pinus resinosa Soland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Resin boiled twice and added to tallow to make a serviceable waterproof pitch.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28251,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28252,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,379,2,Drug,,,Bark and cones used medicinally.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379"
28253,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
28254,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch from boiled cones and resin used for caulking and waterproofing.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28255,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Boughs used on the ground or floor, covered with blankets and other bedding and used as a bed.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
28256,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,,,"Young staminate catkins of this pine cooked for food and stewed with meat. One might think this would taste rather like pitch, but they assured the writer that is was sweet and had no pitchy flavor.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
28257,2977,Pinus strobus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch from boiled cones and resin used for caulking and waterproofing.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
28452,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380381,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Poultice of soaked leaves bound on burns, scalds and snakebites.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380381"
28453,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380381,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of soaked leaves bound on bruises, sprains, sores and bee stings.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380381"
28454,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380381,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of soaked leaves bound on bruises, sprains or sores.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380381"
28455,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380381,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of soaked leaves bound on snakebites.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380381"
28456,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2317,2,Drug,,,Poultice of pounded leaves applied for medicinal purposes.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2317"
28457,3001,Plantago major L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,431,3,Other,58,Protection,Ground root always carried in the pockets to ward off snakes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431"
28801,3046,Polygala senega L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
28829,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Root used as a physic and decoction used as cough remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
28830,3048,Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of root used as a cough remedy and root used as a physic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
28874,3053,Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken for stomach pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
28875,3053,Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant used for stomach pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
28876,3053,Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,431,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Dried flowers included in the hunting medicine and smoked to attract deer to the hunter.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431"
28877,3053,Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Plant used as hunting medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
29163,3093,Populus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
29164,3093,Populus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of bark and root or decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
29165,3093,Populus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
29166,3093,Populus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,,,Roots and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29167,3093,Populus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,3,Other,143,Paper,Wood used for pulpwood.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29219,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
29220,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
29221,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Buds cooked in grease and rubbed in nostrils for cold.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
29222,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Buds cooked in grease and used as salve for cuts, wounds or bruises.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
29223,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
29224,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Buds cooked in grease and rubbed in nostrils for catarrh or bronchitis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
29225,3095,Populus balsamifera L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,3,Other,143,Paper,Wood used for pulpwood.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29260,3096,Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,3,Other,143,Paper,Wood used for pulpwood.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29408,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,1,Food,,,Buds and seed capsules used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29409,3100,Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,3,Other,143,Paper,Wood used for pulpwood.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29499,3103,Populus grandidentata Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387388,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Infusion of young root used as a 'hemostatic.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387388"
29500,3103,Populus grandidentata Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,,,"Cambium layer scraped, boiled and eaten, something like eggs.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
29501,3103,Populus grandidentata Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,3,Other,143,Paper,Wood used for pulpwood.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29640,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,388,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of bark applied to cuts and wounds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388"
29641,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,388,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of inner bark applied to sore arm or leg and used as a splint for broken limb.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388"
29642,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,3,Other,143,Paper,Wood used for pulpwood.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
29852,3131,Potentilla norvegica ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,384,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,"Plant known to be a physic, even by the very young.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
29872,3137,Prenanthes alba L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,365,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,"Milk of lettuce used, especially in female diseases, as a diuretic.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365"
29873,3137,Prenanthes alba L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,365,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Milk of plant used as a diuretic for female diseases and root used as a female remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365"
30215,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,372,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound containing root used as a female remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372"
30216,3159,Prunella vulgaris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,430,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,"Root, sharpened the powers of observation, used to make a tea to drink before going hunting.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430"
30276,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30277,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30278,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30460,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Inner bark used as an astringent color fixative in dyeing with other plant dyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
30461,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,52,Fruit,Large quantities of plums found in thickets and gathered for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30462,3171,Prunus nigra Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,1,Preserves,Large quantities of plums found in thickets and gathered for preserves.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30504,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,385,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Inner bark used as a cough remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385"
30505,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30506,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food. The pin cherry was abundant around the Flambeau Reservation and the Ojibwe were fond of it.  It was an education in itself to see a group of Ojibwe women working on mats with a supply of fruit laden branches beside them.  With one hand they would start a stream of berries into the mouth and the stream of cherry stones ejected from the other corner of the mouth seemed ceaseless.  The Pillager Ojibwe also had the tree and used it is the same manner.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30507,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30508,3172,Prunus pensylvanica L. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30547,3174,Prunus pumila L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2221,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit used dried.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2221"
30548,3174,Prunus pumila L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2221,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2221"
30549,3174,Prunus pumila L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,52,Fruit,This species was plentiful on sandy openings in the forest and the fruit gathered for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30649,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,385,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark used for colds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385"
30650,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,385,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of bark used for coughs.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385"
30651,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ripe cherries used to make whiskey.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30652,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30653,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,4,Dried Food,This cherry was preferred to all other wild cherries and dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30654,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30655,3177,Prunus serotina Ehrh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30830,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,385,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for lung trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385"
30831,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2222,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries used dried.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2222"
30832,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30833,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2222,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2222"
30834,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30835,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit of this cherry was liked, especially after the fruit had been frosted.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
30836,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2222,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried berry powder mixed with dried meat flour for soup.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2222"
30837,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30923,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30924,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
30925,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried fruit ground into a flour and used to make soup.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
31481,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of root taken by women to allay stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
31482,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Smoke from dried leaves on coals used for headaches.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
31483,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,382,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root taken by women to allay stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
31484,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,408,1,Food,56,Soup,"Young fern sprouts used as a soup material. The tips were thrown into hot water for an hour to rid them of ants, then put into soup stock and thickened with flour.  The flavor resembles wild rice.  Hunters were very careful to live wholly upon this when stalking does in the spring.  The doe feeds upon the fronds and the hunter does also, so that his breath does not betray his presence.  He claims to be able to approach within twenty feet without disturbing the deer, from which distance he can easily make a fatal shot with his bow and arrow.  After killing the deer, the hunter will eat whatever strikes his fancy.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408"
31485,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,408,1,Food,,,"Young fern tips, with coiled fronds, were like asparagus tips, only not stringy like asparagus.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408"
31761,3237,Pyrola americana Sweet,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,430,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Dried leaves used to make tea and drunk as good luck potion in the morning before the hunt started.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430"
31915,3253,Quercus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used in making wigwams and for several other things.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
31916,3253,Quercus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,401,1,Food,56,Soup,"Acorns soaked in lye water to remove bitter tannin taste, dried for storage and used to make soup. Lye for leaching acorns was obtained by soaking wood ashes in water.  Acorns were put in a net bag and then soaked in the lye, then rinsed several times in warm water.  The acorns were then dried for storage, and when wanted, pounded into a coarse flour which was used to thicken soups or form a sort of mush.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401"
31917,3253,Quercus alba L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood was of much value, especially for making awls to punch holes in birch bark.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
32291,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark used as an astringent medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369"
32292,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Bark used to bandage a broken foot or leg.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369"
32293,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Bark used in combination with other materials to set color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
32294,3273,Quercus macrocarpa Michx.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,402,1,Food,,,Acorns treated with lye to remove bitterness and eaten.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402"
32378,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
32379,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369370,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Bark used for 'heart troubles and bronchial affections.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369370"
32380,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369370,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Bark used for 'heart troubles and bronchial affections.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369370"
32381,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,242,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242"
32382,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
32383,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,242,5,Dye,,,Bark used in tanning and coloring.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242"
32384,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,402,1,Food,75,Staple,Acorns leached with lye and used as of the most important starchy foods.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402"
32385,3285,Quercus rubra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,242,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Bark used in tanning and coloring.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242"
32555,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Bark used for a reddish yellow dye and to set its own color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
32556,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,425,5,Dye,289,Red-Yellow,Bark used for a reddish yellow dye and to set its own color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425"
32557,3293,Quercus velutina Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,402,1,Food,,,"Acorns, with tannic acid extracted, equally as good as other acorns.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402"
32700,3314,Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,431,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Seeds smoked in hunting medicine to lure buck deer near enough for a shot with bow and arrow.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431"
32701,3314,Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,383,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Seeds used as a hunting medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"
32702,3314,Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,136,Red,Entire plant boiled to yield a red coloring dye and bur oak added to set the color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
32877,3344,Rhus aromatica Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Bark and berries used in medicine ceremoniess.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32878,3344,Rhus aromatica Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,,,Bark and berries used in medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32901,3345,Rhus copallinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32902,3345,Rhus copallinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,,,Bark and berries used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32957,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32958,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Inner bark of trunk or twig used in compounds as astringents.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354"
32959,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of blossoms used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354"
32960,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Infusion of root bark used as a 'hemostatic.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354"
32961,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,2,Drug,,,Bark and berries used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
32962,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354,2,Drug,,,Poultice of leaves used for unspecified conditions.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354"
32963,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,424,5,Dye,193,Orange,Inner bark and central pith of the stem mixed with bloodroot and used for the orange color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 424"
32964,3347,Rhus glabra L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried berries sweetened with maple sugar & made into a hot or cool beverage like lemonade.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
33296,3355,Rhus typhina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,354,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Root used for hemorrhages.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354"
33297,3355,Rhus typhina L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2244,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of gall infected leaves taken for mouth sores.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2244"
33298,3355,Rhus typhina L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2244,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of gall infected leaves taken for sore throat.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2244"
33299,3355,Rhus typhina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,424,5,Dye,193,Orange,Inner bark and central pith of the stem mixed with bloodroot and used for the orange color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 424"
33300,3355,Rhus typhina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried berries sweetened with maple sugar & made into a hot or cool beverage like lemonade.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
33301,3355,Rhus typhina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Seed heads dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
33332,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33333,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33334,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33335,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33336,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33337,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,"In the winter, a favorite dish was wild currants cooked with sweet corn.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33338,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and preserves.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33459,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries relished when ripe.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33460,3367,Ribes cynosbati L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into preserves for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33515,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33516,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33517,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33635,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33636,3382,Ribes missouriense Nutt.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33654,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33655,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33656,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries gathered for fresh food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33657,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries often cooked with sweet corn.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33658,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33659,3385,Ribes oxyacanthoides L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make preserves for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33700,3393,Ribes rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33701,3393,Ribes rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33702,3393,Ribes rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33761,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,389,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Leaves used as some sort of female remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 389"
33762,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33763,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33764,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,"In the winter, a favorite dish was wild currants cooked with sweet corn.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33765,3397,Ribes triste Pallas,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jams and preserves.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
33933,3418,Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W.H. Lewis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,,,Buds used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
33966,3421,Rosa blanda Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,385,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Dried, powdered flowers used for heartburn.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385"
33967,3421,Rosa blanda Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,385,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Rose hip skin used for stomach trouble and indigestion.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385"
34196,3433,Rosa virginiana P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
34197,3433,Rosa virginiana P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
34198,3433,Rosa virginiana P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root and bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
34199,3433,Rosa virginiana P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,,,Buds used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
34323,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,385386,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of root used to 'arrest flux.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385386"
34324,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,385386,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of canes taken as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385386"
34325,3438,Rubus allegheniensis Porter,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,409,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409"
34371,3444,Rubus canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2223,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223"
34372,3444,Rubus canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2223,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries used preserved.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223"
34542,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Berries used as a seasoner for medicines.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
34543,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of root bark used for sore eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
34544,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2223,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries used dried.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223"
34545,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
34546,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2223,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223"
34547,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,235,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235"
34548,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,52,Fruit,This was a favorite fresh fruit.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
34549,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
34721,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2224,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used fresh.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2224"
34722,3461,Rubus occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2224,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries used preserved.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2224"
35184,3481,Rumex altissimus Wood,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
35308,3485,Rumex crispus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2289,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Boiled seeds used for diarrhea.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2289"
35309,3485,Rumex crispus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2318,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Seeds boiled and used for diarrhea.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2318"
35310,3485,Rumex crispus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,381,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root used to close and heal cuts.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381"
35311,3485,Rumex crispus L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,431,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Dried seeds smoked as a favorable lure to game when mixed with kinnikinnick.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431"
35566,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,353,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Corms eaten for indigestion.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353"
35567,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,396,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine for man.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396"
35568,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,396,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Used as a medicine for horses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396"
35569,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,396,1,Food,5,Forage,Recognized as a favorite food of ducks and geese.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396"
35570,3508,Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,396,1,Food,75,Staple,"Corms, a most valued food, boiled fresh, dried or candied with maple sugar. Muskrat and beavers store them in large caches, which the Indians have learned to recognize and appropriate.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396"
35702,3522,Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for stomach troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35703,3522,Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Plant used for trembling.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35704,3522,Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35705,3522,Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35780,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for stomach troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35781,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Plant used for trembling.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35782,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35783,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
35845,3528,Salix fragilis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,388,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of bark applied to sores as a styptic and healing aid.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388"
35846,3528,Salix fragilis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,388,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Bark used as a styptic and poultice for sores.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388"
35955,3538,Salix lucida Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,388,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of bark used for sores and applied to bleeding cuts.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388"
35956,3538,Salix lucida Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,388,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Bark used on bleeding cuts.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388"
35957,3538,Salix lucida Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Peeled, toasted and flaked bark used for kinnikinnick or smoking mixture.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
36018,3543,Salix pedicellaris Pursh,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,388389,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Bark used for stomach troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388389"
36043,3546,Salix pyrifolia Anderss.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for stomach troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36044,3546,Salix pyrifolia Anderss.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Plant used for trembling.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36045,3546,Salix pyrifolia Anderss.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fainting.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36046,3546,Salix pyrifolia Anderss.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,243,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243"
36240,3551,Salix sp.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2302,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Heated poultice of inner bark applied to the throat for diphtheria.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2302"
36819,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,360361,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,"Decoction of inner bark, considered dangerous, taken as a cathartic.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 360361"
36820,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,360361,2,Drug,40,Emetic,"Decoction of inner bark, considered dangerous, taken as an emetic.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 360361"
36821,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,2,Drug,,,Infusion of roots used as a medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
36822,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
37035,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for stomach pain, fainting and trembling in fits.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37036,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Plant used for trembling in fits or infusion of leaves taken for fits.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37037,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37038,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Leaf infusion taken as blood medicine and bark decoction used for blood disease.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37039,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,377,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Juice used as face paint for the medicine lodge ceremony or when on warpath.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377"
37040,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant applied or root infusion taken and used as a wash for sores and cuts.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37041,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction or infusion of plants taken for stomach or bowel troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37042,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37043,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37044,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of pounded plants used as a wash for general illnesses.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37045,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,"Infusion of leaves taken for fainting, fits and as a blood medicine.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37046,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,377378,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root juice on maple sugar used for sore throat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377378"
37047,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37048,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,193,Orange,Fresh or dried roots used as an orange dye to paint faces with clan marks. The roots were used in four or five combinations in dyeing various materials.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
37049,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,170,j35,114,5,Dye,136,Red,Roots boiled to obtain a red dye.,"Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114"
37050,3572,Sanguinaria canadensis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Fresh or dried roots used as a dark yellow dye to paint faces with clan marks. The roots were used in four or five combinations in dyeing various materials.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
37089,3577,Sanicula marilandica L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of root used for various fevers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
37090,3577,Sanicula marilandica L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,391,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of pounded root applied to rattlesnake bite or any snakebite.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 391"
37206,3588,Sarracenia purpurea L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,389,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root used 'to help a woman accomplish parturition.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 389"
37317,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37318,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and plant used as stomach medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37319,3591,Saururus cernuus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
37504,3609,Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Rushes used for the best mats. The bleached rushes were immersed in water for a few days and then cleansed.  They selected long rushes, with small diameters, so that the pith content was small.  When the mat was in service, such fibers were not readily crushed.  The rush, when gathered, is an intense green, white only at the base where it stands in water.  All rushes were first bleached pure white, and afterwards colored as desired.  They were pulled, rather than cut, in order to obtain the maximum length.  When thoroughly bleached and dried, they dyed them with white men's dyes.  Formerly they used native dyes, which they really preferred.  The bleached rushes predominated in any rug, and were ivory-white in color.  The finished rug or mat was three feet wide and from four to eight feet long, and sold for from $8 to $30 in 1923.  The edge was bound securely with nettle fiber cord.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37512,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small rushes formerly used for woven storage bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37513,3610,Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,418,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Small rushes used for a certain kind of mat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418"
37585,3624,Scutellaria galericulata L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,372,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Plant used for heart trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372"
37987,3679,Silene latifolia ssp. alba (P. Mill.) Greuter & Burdet,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of root used as a physic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
38033,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,365,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of root taken for lumbago and other rheumatic back pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365"
38034,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,365,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for stomach trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365"
38035,3687,Silphium perfoliatum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,365,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Plant used for hemorrhage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365"
38140,3703,Sium suave Walt.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,432,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Seeds smoked over a fire to drive away and blind evil spirit that steals away one's hunting luck.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432"
38202,3710,Smilax herbacea L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Root used for lung troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
38322,3724,Solanum nigrum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,239,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used for medicinal purposes or medicine ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 239"
38360,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,56,Soup,Potato cultivated and prized for use in soups.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
38361,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,410,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potato cultivated and always firm and crisp when cooked.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410"
38547,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,2,Drug,,,Root bark used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
38548,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
38549,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make ribs for canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
38550,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoe frames.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
38551,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Wood used to lacrosse clubs.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
38552,3758,Sorbus americana Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,236,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
38688,3782,Sphagnum dusenii C. Jens.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Moss gathered and dried to make mattresses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
38740,3794,Spiraea salicifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Root used as a trapping medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
38756,3798,Spiraea tomentosa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for the sickness of pregnancy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
38757,3798,Spiraea tomentosa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for the sickness of pregnancy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
38758,3798,Spiraea tomentosa L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,386,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves and flowers used to ease childbirth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386"
38761,3799,Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,431,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Roots used as an ingredient of the hunting charm to bring game to the hunter.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431"
38938,3834,Sticta glomulifera,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,406,1,Food,,,Boiled until the lichens coagulate like scrambled eggs.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406"
38988,3840,Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Plant used as a physic and infusion taken as a cough remedy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
38989,3840,Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of plant taken as a cough remedy and used as a physic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
39118,3850,Symphoricarpos albus var. albus,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of root taken 'to clear up the afterbirth' and hasten convalescence.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
39154,3859,Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,428,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,"Root used to make a smoke or incense to attract deer near enough to shoot it with a bow and arrow. A number of the composites as well as plants from other families are used in the hunting charms.  The deer carries its scent or spoor in between its toes, and wherever the foot is impressed into the ground, other animals can detect its presence.  This allows dogs to track them.  It is a peculiar scent and the Ojibwe tries successfully to counterfeit it with roots and herbs.  The root of this aster is but one of nineteen that can be used.  They say that the white man drives the deer away when he smokes cigarettes or cigars, but the Indian bring them closer.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428"
39277,3885,Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,432,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Seeds smoked in a pipe when one goes hunting for they will bring him luck.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432"
39321,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Plant used as a fever medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366"
39322,3892,Tanacetum vulgare L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,429,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Yellow flowers used in the odorous hunting mixture smoked to attract deer.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429"
39381,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Roots used as a blood medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
39382,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,366,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root taken for heartburn.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366"
39383,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,399,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves gathered in spring and cooked as greens with pork or venison and maple sap vinegar.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399"
39695,3921,Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,383,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of root used for fevers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"
39907,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves used for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
39908,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of leaves taken as a blood purifier.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
39909,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Smoke used to purify sacred objects, hands and persons of participants.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
39910,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of leaves taken for coughs.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
39911,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Compound containing leaves used in the sweatbath.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
39912,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, stringy bark used in making fiber bags.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
39913,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Light, strong, straight-grained wood used for canoe frames and ribs.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
39914,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2234,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves steeped for tea.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2234"
39915,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Pungent fragrance of leaves and wood always used as an acceptable incense to Winabojo.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
39916,3950,Thuja occidentalis L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,421,3,Other,185,Sacred Items,This tree and the white cedar were worshipped as the two most useful trees in the forest.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421"
40373,3959,Tilia americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,232,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark of young sprouts used to make twine and rope.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"
40374,3959,Tilia americana L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Tough, fibrous bark of young trees furnished ready cordage and string. The women stripped the bark and peeled the outer edge from the inner fiber with their teeth.  The rolls were then kept in coils or were boiled and kept as coils until needed, being soaked again when used, to make them pliable.  While there were countless uses for this cordage, perhaps the most important was in tying the poles together for the framework of the wigwam or medicine lodge.  When these crossings of poles were lashed together with wet bark fiber, it was easy to get a tight knot which shrank when dry and made an even tighter joint.  The bark of an elm or a balsam, cut into broad strips was then sewed into place on the framework with basswood string.  An oak wood awl was used to punch holes in the bark, but Smith notes that, when they made his wigwam, they used an old file end for an awl.  He reports that he lived in this new wigwam all the time he was among the Pillager Ojibwe and scarcely a night passed without a group of them visiting him and sitting around the campfire, telling old time stories.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
40375,3959,Tilia americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,232,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Inner bark of young sprouts used to make thread.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"
40585,3998,Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,431,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Root mixed with many others to make smoking scent that attracted the deer to the hunter.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431"
40909,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,408,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Leaves made into a tea and used as a beverage and to disguise medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408"
40910,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Leaves used to flavor medicinal tea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
40911,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Bark used for cuts, wounds and bleeding wounds.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
40912,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,380,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Bark used for bleeding wounds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380"
40913,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Bark used with a little rock dust to set the color.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
40914,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,426,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used with a little rock dust to dye materials a dark red brown.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426"
40915,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,408,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves made into a tea and used as a beverage and to disguise medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408"
40916,4041,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,422,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Bark used for fuel, when reboiling pitch, because the heat was easy to regulate.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422"
41289,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2306,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of root inner skin applied to carbuncles and boils.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2306"
41290,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,390,2,Drug,18,Other,Fruit fuzz used as a war medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390"
41291,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Blades used to weave mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
41292,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz or seed used to make a quilt and the quilt used to make a sleeping bag.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41293,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fuzz or seed used to make mattresses and sleeping bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41294,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make wind and rain-proof mats placed on the sides of the medicine lodge.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41295,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2226,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Green flower dried and used for food.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226"
41296,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2226,1,Food,75,Staple,Pollen used for flour.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226"
41297,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2226,1,Food,,,Green flower boiled and used for food.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226"
41298,4049,Typha latifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,432,3,Other,98,Weapon,"Fuzz of the fruit thrown into the eyes of their enemies, claiming that it blinded them.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432"
41463,4051,Ulmus americana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
41545,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
41546,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plants taken for stomach troubles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
41547,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
41548,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Inner bark used for dry, sore throat.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
41549,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,240,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Plant used for gonorrhea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240"
41550,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Stripped bark used as a wigwam cover, for the sides of the wigwam.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41797,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of soaked leaves applied to heat rash.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
41798,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,423,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Bark or rind used as a fine, stout sewing fiber.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
41932,4066,Uvularia grandiflora Sm.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Root used for stomach pain, perhaps pleurisy.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
41933,4066,Uvularia grandiflora Sm.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Root used for stomach pain, perhaps pleurisy.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
41934,4066,Uvularia grandiflora Sm.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,374,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Root used for 'pain in the solar plexus, which may mean pleurisy.'","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374"
41948,4068,Uvularia sessilifolia L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,430,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Root used as a part of the hunting medicine to bring a buck deer near the hunter.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430"
41971,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken as a blood purifier.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369"
41972,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,401,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries dried like currants and cooked in winter with corn, rice and venison.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401"
41973,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
41974,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
41975,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
41976,4070,Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries gathered and sold to the nearby stores.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42040,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42041,4076,Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Fruit sold by the bushels.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42126,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried for winter use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42127,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42128,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42129,4079,Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries gathered and sold to the nearby stores.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42288,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,369,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of plant taken by person with slight nausea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369"
42289,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42290,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,401,1,Food,52,Fruit,This was an important wild food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401"
42291,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Fruit sold by the bushels.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
42835,4106,Verbascum thapsus L.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2304,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Peeled roots used as a heart stimulant.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2304"
43024,4129,Viburnum dentatum var. dentatum,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,417,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Bark furnished one of the ingredients of kinnikinnick.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417"
43108,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of inner bark used as a diuretic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
43109,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh from the bush.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
43110,4132,Viburnum lentago L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,398,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used in jam with wild grapes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
43131,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,237,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237"
43164,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
43165,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of inner bark taken as a physic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
43166,4135,Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,361,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for stomach cramps.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361"
43263,4155,Viola conspersa Reichenb.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of whole plant taken for heart trouble.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
43513,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Sap used for stomach and bowel troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
43514,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,392,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of twigs taken to facilitate passing of afterbirth.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392"
43515,4184,Vitis vulpina L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,411,1,Food,1,Preserves,Frosted grapes made into jelly for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 411"
44351,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of berries sprayed on chest for congestion from bronchitis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
44352,4241,Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,387,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Bark or berries used for sore throat and tonsillitis.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387"
44485,4244,Zea mays L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,402,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Kernels dried for winter use.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402"
44486,4244,Zea mays L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,402,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Several sorts of corn were grown, modern and ancient. Ears were roasted and made into hominy.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402"
44641,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds used to make gem cakes, duck stuffing and fowl stuffing.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44642,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,1,Food,230,Breakfast Food,Seeds steamed into puffed rice and eaten for breakfast with sugar and cream.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44643,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Seeds boiled with rabbit excrements, eaten and esteemed as a luxury.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44644,4254,Zizania aquatica L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,246,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Seeds scorched, winnowed and sold as breakfast food.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44652,4255,Zizania palustris L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,403,1,Food,75,Staple,"Formed an important staple in the diet, cooked with deer broth and maple sugar and eaten.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 403"