id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
1112,46,Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and water and made into a mush.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
1785,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1786,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1787,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1788,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice fermented into a drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1789,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1790,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,85,Candy,Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1791,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant eaten dried.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1792,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,112,Substitution Food,Used in absence of other foods.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1793,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,,,Crowns used for food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1794,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,38,Decorations,Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1795,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,26,Paint,Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1796,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1797,93,Agave palmeri Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,98,Weapon,Stalk used for a lance shaft.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1807,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1808,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Thorn used as needle and thread.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1809,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1810,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Crowns cooked, fermented in a vessel, ground, boiled and the liquor again fermented.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1811,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1812,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1813,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice fermented into a drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1814,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice fermented into a drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1815,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1816,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Juice strained and mixed with 'tiswin water,' a liquor of fermented maize.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1817,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,85,Candy,Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1818,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,85,Candy,Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1819,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant eaten dried.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1820,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant eaten dried.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1821,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,112,Substitution Food,Used in absence of other foods.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1822,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,112,Substitution Food,Used in absence of other foods.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1823,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,,,Crowns used for food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1824,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,1,Food,,,Crowns used for food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1825,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,38,Decorations,Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1826,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,38,Decorations,Juice used by young girls to daub on their cheeks.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1827,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,26,Paint,Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1828,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,26,Paint,Juice covering pit stones after baking used to paint stripes on buckskin.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1829,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1830,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1831,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,98,Weapon,Stalk used for a lance shaft.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1832,94,Agave parryi Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,169,3,Other,98,Weapon,Stalk used for a lance shaft.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
7428,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Stem used as comb and broom material.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
7429,608,Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and water and made into a mush.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
7951,721,Canotia holacantha Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,191,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 191"
8141,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice used as a drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8142,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Squeezed pulp dried and made into cakes.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8143,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Seeds washed and dried.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8144,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8145,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Seeds ground with corn into a pudding.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8146,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds roasted, ground and mixed with water to make a mush.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8147,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Whole fruit mashed, water added and mixture drunk after a two day burial in a dry place. The drink was consumed immediately after the two-day burial and said to be better than tiswin.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8148,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,3,Other,32,Containers,Burls used as containers.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
8149,757,Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Burls used as vessels or cups.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
9508,902,Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,192,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 192"
9517,903,Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,192,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 192"
10295,1026,Cleome serrulata Pursh,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,192,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves and whole, young plants used as greens.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 192"
11585,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,192,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Poultice of mashed stems, leaves and roots soaked in hot water & applied to sores on horses' backs.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 192"
16674,1833,Helianthus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,184,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, put into hot water and eaten as a pasty bread.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184"
16675,1833,Helianthus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,184,1,Food,85,Candy,Seeds parched and ground with mescal to taste like candy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184"
16676,1833,Helianthus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,184,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds made into meal, mixed with corn meal and boiled with salt into a cereal.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184"
16677,1833,Helianthus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,184,1,Food,47,Special Food,Seeds ground and used by army scouts as rations.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184"
18321,2036,Juglans sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Juice used to clear maggots from wounds.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
18322,2036,Juglans sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Juice given to dogs for worms.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
18323,2036,Juglans sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Walnuts pulverized, mixed with mescal juice and used as dip for corn bread.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
18324,2036,Juglans sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,,,"Nuts parched with corn, ground and eaten by the pinch.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
19073,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Poultice of heated, wrapped branches applied to pneumonia patients' backs.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
19074,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries soaked, pounded with yucca fruit, mixed with water and drained to make a drink.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
19075,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Unseasoned berries dried and boiled.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
19076,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Berries pounded with yucca fruit to make a gravy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
19077,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,1,Food,86,Spice,Ashes mixed with corn mush for color and flavor.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
19078,2063,Juniperus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,187,3,Other,145,Lighting,Dried bark made into a torch.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 187"
22446,2419,Martynia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,1,Food,27,Beverage,Seeds cracked and chewed for the juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
22447,2419,Martynia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Seeds stored in pottery, gourd or water-basket receptacles.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
23525,2543,Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and water and made into a mush.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
24006,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Grass used as a thatching material for wickiup or ramada.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
24007,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,1,Food,,,"Young stalks placed in fire, peeled and eaten.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
24008,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dried leaves fashioned into spoons.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
24009,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,58,Protection,Grass used as wrapping material for foods to be transported or stored.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
24010,2590,Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
24044,2592,Nolina sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,106,Soap,Crowns and bases of leaves pounded together and mixed with water to make soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
24800,2670,Opuntia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,180,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Liquid extract of boiled roots used for thin and frequent bowel movements.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 180"
24801,2670,Opuntia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,180,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of peeled stalks applied to burns.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 180"
24802,2670,Opuntia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,180,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Boiled roots used as laxative for babies and small children.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 180"
24803,2670,Opuntia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,180,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Boiled roots used as laxative for babies and small children.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 180"
24804,2670,Opuntia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,180,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds roasted, mixed with corn and meal moistened with water and salt before eating.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 180"
24805,2670,Opuntia sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,180,1,Food,56,Soup,"Fruit pit baked, dried and boiled with fat or in soups.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 180"
27536,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Heated pitch applied to the face to remove facial hair.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27537,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch used as chewing gum.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27538,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,44,Porridge,Pinon and corn flour mixed and cooked into a mush.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27539,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,75,Staple,"Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27540,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as a staple food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27541,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Nuts stored in baskets or pottery jars.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27542,2959,Pinus edulis Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used to waterproof baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27784,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Heated pitch applied to the face to remove facial hair.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27785,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch used as chewing gum.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27786,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,44,Porridge,Pinon and corn flour mixed and cooked into a mush.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27787,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,75,Staple,"Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27788,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,75,Staple,Used as a staple food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27789,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Nuts stored in baskets or pottery jars.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
27790,2965,Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,185,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used to waterproof baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185"
28160,2976,Pinus sp.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,192,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 192"
29965,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,1,Food,27,Beverage,Pounded bean pulp squeezed for the juice and drunk just like milk.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29966,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Dried seeds pounded into flour, moistened, allowed to harden into cakes and stored.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29967,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,1,Food,85,Candy,Dried beans pounded into flour and eaten as candy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29968,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pods dried and stored.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29969,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,1,Food,44,Porridge,Dried beans pounded into flour and mixed into a mush.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29970,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,1,Food,75,Staple,Fresh pods pounded into a flour.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29971,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,1,Food,112,Substitution Food,Pitch chewed as a substitute for gum.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29972,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch used to attach arrow points to shafts.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
29973,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,176,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used for firewood.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176"
30055,3156,Prosopis pubescens Benth.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,178,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Bean placed in ear for earache.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178"
30709,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
32025,3260,Quercus emoryi Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,174,1,Food,,,"Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174"
32060,3263,Quercus gambelii Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,174,1,Food,,,"Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174"
32608,3250,Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella],14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,174,1,Food,,,"Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174"
33082,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks split or peeled off the bark and used to make pitched water baskets.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
33083,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries stirred in warm water to make a nonintoxicating drink.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
33084,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries ground or chewed raw for the juice.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
38771,3805,Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,189,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and water and made into a mush.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189"
43366,4171,Vitis arizonica Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice boiled to make wine.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
43367,4171,Vitis arizonica Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries pounded, dried and stored in sacks.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
43368,4171,Vitis arizonica Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,190,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe berries eaten raw.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190"
43803,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and sections tied together by square knots to make cordage.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
43804,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,181,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit roasted, dried, wrapped and stored indefinitely.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 181"
43805,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit pounded together to make gravy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
43806,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44028,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Peeled stalk shaped like a short snake, heated, eaten by a practitioner and spit at the sick.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44029,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make cordage.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44030,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Leaves used for the headshade of cradleboards.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44031,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Boiled blossoms dried and stored in a dry place.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44032,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,1,Food,,,"Blossoms boiled with seeds, fat or bones.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44033,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,193,1,Food,,,Blossoms used for food.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 193"
44034,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,1,Food,,,Stalk charred and eaten like sugar cane.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
44035,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,38,Decorations,Red roots used in basket decorations.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"
44036,4228,Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,183,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used for soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 183"