id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
1601,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,23,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Smashed fruit applied as a salve for hemorrhoids.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
1602,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,23,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fruit used as a fish poison.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
1603,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,23,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of bark used for toothaches and loose teeth.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
1604,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,252,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
1605,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Broken seeds used as suppositories for piles.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1606,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,2,Drug,13,Poison,Raw seeds considered poisonous if eaten.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1607,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds pounded, leached, boiled into a mush, made into a cake and eaten with meat.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1608,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,10,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood sections hollowed out by burning and carved into bowls.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10"
1609,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,366,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fresh fruit considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1610,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,366,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark placed in cavity of tooth for toothaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1611,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,366,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Fruit given to horses for bot worms and apt to cause an abortion in cows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1612,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,366,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruits eaten by squirrels as forage.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1613,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,366,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits roasted and eaten cold without salt.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1614,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,366,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used as twirling sticks for making fire by friction.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1615,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,148,1,Food,56,Soup,"Roasted, peeled nuts ground into a meal and used to make soup.","Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 148"
1616,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,148,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Nuts stored for long periods and resorted to only when the acorn crop failed.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 148"
1617,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,145,Modesse,109,m66,223,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Nuts eaten in times of need.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
1618,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,2,Drug,13,Poison,Nuts used as poison.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
1619,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,27,1,Food,,,"Boiled nuts eaten with baked kelp, meat and seafood. Nuts were put into boiling water to loosen the husk.  After the husk was removed, the nut meat was returned to boiling water and cooked until it was soft like cooked potatoes.  The nut meat was then mashed with a mortar stone.  The grounds could be strained at this stage or strained after soaking.  The grounds would be soaked and leached a long time to remove the poisonous tannin.  An older method was to peel the nuts and roast them in ashes until they were soft.  They were then crushed and the meal was put in a sandy leaching basin beside a stream.  For about five hours, the meal was leached with water from the stream.  When the bitterness disappeared it was ready to eat without further cooking.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 27"
1620,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,27,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Ground nuts sprinkled into pools to kill fish, a fishing method.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 27"
1621,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,27,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 27"
1622,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,27,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make a drill stick and block for making fires.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 27"
1623,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,269,Tubatulabal,137,v38,15,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15"
1624,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,282,Yana,181,ss43,251,1,Food,75,Staple,Nuts ground into a fine meal and eaten.,"Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 251"
1625,73,Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,85,1,Food,,,Nut meats mashed and used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85"