id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
7074,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,80,1,Food,112,Substitution Food,Sap mixed with maple sap if the latter is not available in sufficient quantities.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 80"
7075,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
7076,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"25, 74",2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of bark taken as a cathartic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 74"
7077,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"25, 74",2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of bark taken as an emetic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 74"
7078,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,25,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
7079,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,25,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
7080,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,100,Iroquois,7,h77,300,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Complex compound used as a blood purifier.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 300"
7081,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,100,Iroquois,7,h77,300,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Complex compound decoction used as wash for affected parts of 'Italian itch.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 300"
7082,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,100,Iroquois,7,h77,301,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant used for lactation.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 301"
7083,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,55,2,Drug,18,Other,Wood used as a hot-water bottle.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
7084,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
7085,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7086,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make birch bark canoes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7087,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,397,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap and maple sap used for a pleasant beverage drink.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397"
7088,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7089,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,32,Containers,"Bark used to make storage containers, sap dishes, rice baskets, buckets, trays and winnowing dishes.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7090,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,241,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make dishes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241"
7091,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,44,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Infusion of twigs used as a seasoner for medicines.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 44"
7092,575,Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,112,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used as poles for the wigwam or medicine lodge.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112"