id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
6196,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,31,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky latex allowed to harden and used as chewing gum.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31"
6197,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,45,1,Food,85,Candy,'Milk' squeezed from leaves and stems and chewed as gum.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45"
6198,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,66,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant tops strained and used as an eye medicine.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6199,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,14,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant tops used as an eyewash for blindness or snowblindness.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14"
6200,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,184,1,Food,85,Candy,"Dried, hardened milk used for chewing gum.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184"
6201,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,66,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky juice allowed to harden and used as chewing gum.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6202,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,14,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky juice hardened and chewed as gum.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14"
6203,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,14,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Green, immature fruits peeled and the inner layer eaten raw.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14"
6204,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,66,1,Food,52,Fruit,Immature fruits peeled and inner layer eaten.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6205,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,184,1,Food,52,Fruit,Inner layer of fruit used for food.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184"
6206,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,66,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Flowers boiled with soup or meat, flour added and eaten as a gravy.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6207,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,184,1,Food,56,Soup,Whole buds boiled with meat or in water to make soup.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184"
6208,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,14,1,Food,,,"Tender stalks cooked, sweetened and used for food.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14"
6209,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,1,Food,,,"Tender, spring shoots eaten raw.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
6210,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,14,1,Food,,,"Young, unopened buds boiled with meat, grease, gravy or soup and eaten.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14"
6211,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,1,Food,,,"Young, unopened buds boiled with meat, grease, gravy or soup and used for food.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
6212,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,60,Crow,30,h92,66,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Flowers boiled with soup or meat, flour added and eaten as a gravy.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6213,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,60,Crow,73,b05,7,1,Food,,,Flowers boiled for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
6214,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,60,Crow,73,b05,7,1,Food,,,Seeds eaten raw.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
6215,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,60,Crow,30,h92,66,3,Other,26,Paint,Milky juice used for temporary branding of livestock.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6216,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,76,Flathead,30,h92,66,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Fresh roots chewed or dried, pulverized and boiled and used for stomachache.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66"
6217,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,95,Hopi,126,vest40,164,1,Food,,,Boiled with meat.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 164"
6218,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,30,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky juice used as chewing gum.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
6219,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,31,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky latex allowed to harden and used as chewing gum.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31"
6220,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,125,Lakota,108,r80,34,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 34"
6221,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,125,Lakota,108,r80,34,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,Floral bud clusters used to thicken soup.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 34"
6222,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,125,Lakota,108,r80,34,1,Food,1,Preserves,Open flowers cut up for a sort of preserve.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 34"
6223,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,125,Lakota,108,r80,34,1,Food,,,"Blossoms boiled, mixed with flour and eaten.","Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 34"
6224,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Milk of plant applied to warts.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
6225,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,167,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of root taken in small doses for venereal diseases.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 167"
6226,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,3,Other,17,Tools,'Milk' from the broken stems used in cases of emergency for branding stock temporarily.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
6227,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,37,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Plant used as a Eagleway, Female Shootingway, Beautyway and Beadway emetic.","Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 37"
6228,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,37,2,Drug,40,Emetic,"Plant used as a Eagleway, Female Shootingway, Beautyway and Beadway emetic.","Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 37"
6229,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed roots applied for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
6230,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Latex rubbed on skin sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
6231,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems used as a poor substitute for Indian hemp.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
6232,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
6233,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6234,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Decoction of root taken for cough, especially from tuberculosis.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6235,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Latex or pulverized seeds used as an antiseptic and healing agent on sores.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6236,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Hot decoction of root taken to 'bring out the rash of measles.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6237,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of seeds used to draw poison from snakebites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6238,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Decoction of root taken for cough, especially from tuberculosis.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6239,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,98,m53,105,1,Food,85,Candy,Dried sap chewed as gum.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 105"
6240,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,242,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 242"
6241,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,70,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stem fibers shredded to make a woman's skirt.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70"
6242,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,70,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers used to make two ply string.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70"
6243,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of root taken for 'bloody diarrhea.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6244,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Latex applied to remove corns and calluses.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6245,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Latex used as an antiseptic and healing agent on sores, cuts and ringworm.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6246,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed root applied to swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6247,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,48,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Latex used as an antiseptic and healing agent on syphilitic sores.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6248,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,56,1,Food,85,Candy,Milk rolled in hand and used for gum.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 56"
6249,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,55,p52,42,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
6250,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Milky juice from stem used as face cream.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
6251,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,268,Dietary Aid,Decoction of root taken for 'general out-of-sorts feeling and emaciation.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
6252,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,513,2,Drug,13,Poison,Root poisonous in large amounts.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513"
6253,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,470,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root taken for 'general out-of-sorts feeling and emaciation.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
6254,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Cottony seed pappus formerly used for infant diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6255,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used as a substitute for Indian hemp in making thread used for tying and binding.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6256,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Inner bark used for binding or tying.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"