id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
43773,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruits dissolved in water to make a drink.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43774,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,54,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruits baked, boiled, dried, rolled into loaves and stored for winter use.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43775,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,55,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruits sun dried and stored for winter use.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55"
43776,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruits eaten raw, boiled or baked.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55"
43777,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,54,1,Food,1,Preserves,Dried fruits eaten as a paste.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43778,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,54,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruits dissolved in water and used as a dip.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43779,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,2,Acoma,19,c35,55,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Tender crowns roasted and eaten in times of food shortages.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55"
43780,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the main portion of the baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
43781,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and used as string.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43782,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice drunk.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18"
43783,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,18,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18"
43784,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,18,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice poured over cakes.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18"
43785,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,19,c35,56,1,Food,56,Soup,Young leaves cooked in soups or with meat.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 56"
43786,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,19,c35,56,1,Food,,,Flowers eaten as food only if obtained at the proper time.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 56"
43787,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,19,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowers eaten as a vegetable only if obtained before the summer rains.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 19"
43788,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,51,3,Other,32,Containers,Thick portion of stalk used as hearth when making fire.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51"
43789,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,35,3,Other,167,Designs,Roots used to produce a red pattern in baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35"
43790,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,57,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots pounded and placed in water to form suds used in bathing and shampooing.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57"
43791,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,10,Apache,58,bc41,51,3,Other,17,Tools,Stalk used to make fire drills.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51"
43792,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,39,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit pulp ground, made into large cakes and stored indefinitely.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39"
43793,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,39,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit roasted, split, seeds removed and pulp ground into large cakes.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39"
43794,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,39,1,Food,56,Soup,Leaves cooked in soups.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39"
43795,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,39,1,Food,,,Leaves boiled with meat.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39"
43796,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,39,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Flowers eaten if obtained before the summer rain; otherwise they taste bitter.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39"
43797,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Small roots used for basket work.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43798,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make twine or rope.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43799,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits used to make a drink.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43800,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Ripe fruits cooked, split, cleaned of seeds, dried and used for food.","Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43801,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruits made into a syrup and placed on fruits before drying.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43802,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,12,"Apache, Mescalero",52,b74,33,3,Other,106,Soap,Large roots used to make soap.,"Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 33"
43803,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and sections tied together by square knots to make cordage.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
43804,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,181,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit roasted, dried, wrapped and stored indefinitely.","Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 181"
43805,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit pounded together to make gravy.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
43806,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,14,"Apache, Western",87,b86,182,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as soap.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 182"
43807,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,147,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves reduced to fiber and made into cloth.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"
43808,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,147,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves used to make string.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"
43809,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,147,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pods dried for future use.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"
43810,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,147,1,Food,,,Pods roasted and used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147"
43811,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,15,"Apache, White Mountain",45,r29,148,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used for soap.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 148"
43812,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,43,Cochiti,19,c35,14,1,Food,,,Used as a source of food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 14"
43813,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaf fiber braided into ropes. The leaves contained a good fiber.  The terminal spine and a section of the back of the leaf were removed and pounded to free this fiber from the fleshy portion of the leaf.  The fiber was often braided into rope, three to six ply, from twelve to thirty feet long that were used for many purposes, including handling horses.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
43814,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,66,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a drink.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66"
43815,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits split, sun dried and prepared for storage in the shape of a mat.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
43816,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,58,bc41,17,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sheet of fruit flesh dried and the bits eaten dry when needed.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17"
43817,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as a soap for washing the hair.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
43818,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,3,Other,17,Tools,Terminal spines used as needles.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
43819,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Ring of leaves wrapped in buckskin used in the hoop and pole game.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
43820,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,212,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Dried leaves boiled with gum, hardened, powdered, mixed with water & used to waterproof baskets.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212"
43821,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves occasionally used in basketry.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43822,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,371,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used in basketry.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 371"
43823,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used for basketry.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
43824,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,371,1,Food,52,Fruit,Baked fruits used for food.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 371"
43825,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
43826,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,61,rhf16,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 51"
43827,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,1,Food,52,Fruit,Large fruits oven baked.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43828,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,184,n43,18,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruits sun dried, boiled into jam and eaten with corn dumplings or boiled bread.","Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18"
43829,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,72,f96,17,3,Other,106,Soap,Root used for soap.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
43830,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,37,w39,71,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as soap.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71"
43831,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,95,Hopi,82,c74,371,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used for soap.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 371"
43832,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Stems used to make shoes.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43833,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems used to make rope.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43834,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make a fermented beverage.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43835,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit baked, prepared and dried for winter use.","Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43836,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43837,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,1,Food,75,Staple,Fruit cooked and ground into a meal.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43838,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,39,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used for soap.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39"
43839,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used to make baskets.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43840,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fibers used to make small brushes for pottery decoration.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43841,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make cords and ropes.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43842,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruit often eaten by deer which left few for the Isletans.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43843,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit baked, seasoned and used for food.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43844,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,19,c35,14,1,Food,,,Used as a source of food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 14"
43845,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Sun dried fruit used for winter storage.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43846,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,45,3,Other,38,Decorations,Fibers used to make plaques.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
43847,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,102,Jemez,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43848,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,102,Jemez,19,c35,14,1,Food,,,Used as a source of food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 14"
43849,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fibers used to make ropes. Leaves were pounded between stones to separate the fibers which were used for ropes.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43850,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten when thoroughly ripe.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43851,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Soaked, cooked fruit made into a syrup and used as hot chocolate.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43852,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Cooked, dried fruit stored for winter use.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43853,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves used as whips during the initiations.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43854,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Switches used as whips by the masked personage.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43855,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,74,3,Other,106,Soap,Crushed leaves mixed with water for soap.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 74"
43856,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,108,Keresan,90,w45,564,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for washing hair.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 564"
43857,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,108,Keresan,90,w45,564,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 564"
43858,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruits dissolved in water to make a drink.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43859,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,54,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruits baked, boiled, dried, rolled into loaves and stored for winter use.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43860,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,55,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruits sun dried and stored for winter use.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55"
43861,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruits eaten raw, boiled or baked.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55"
43862,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,54,1,Food,1,Preserves,Dried fruits eaten as a paste.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43863,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,54,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruits dissolved in water and used as a dip.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43864,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,124,Laguna,19,c35,55,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Tender crowns roasted and eaten in times of food shortages.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55"
43865,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of pulverized leaves taken for vomiting.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43866,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for heartburn.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43867,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Baked or dried fruits ground, made into small cakes and roasted again.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43868,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,58,bc41,20,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Pulp made into cakes, dried and stored for winter use.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20"
43869,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,19,c35,54,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Ripe fruits dried, ground, kneaded into small cakes and slightly roasted.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43870,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,41,Dessert,Fruit boiled in water with or without sugar and eaten as a dessert.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
43871,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit dried and carried, when at war, with grass seeds and jerked venison.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43872,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,121,l86,31,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 31"
43873,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,19,c35,54,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruits dried and stored for winter use.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43874,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Ripe fruit, with seeds removed, boiled down like jam, made into rolls and dried for winter use.","Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
43875,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,221,1,Food,52,Fruit,Dried fruit rolls soaked in hot water and eaten with corn mush.,"Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221"
43876,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,121,l86,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw or baked in hot coals.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 31"
43877,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,19,c35,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw or cooked.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43878,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten when picked or cooked.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43879,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,58,bc41,20,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten ripe or cooked.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20"
43880,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Baked or dried fruits ground, made into cakes, roasted again, mixed with cornmeal & made into gruel.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43881,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,121,l86,31,1,Food,44,Porridge,Dried fruit cakes boiled with cornmeal into a gruel.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 31"
43882,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,19,c35,54,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Ripe fruits dried, ground, kneaded into small cakes and boiled with cornmeal into a mush.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43883,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43884,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,121,l86,31,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Dried fruit cakes mixed with water to make a syrup and eaten with meat and bread.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 31"
43885,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,58,bc41,20,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit pulp made into cakes and mixed with water to make a syrup eaten with meat or bread.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20"
43886,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,58,bc41,20,1,Food,47,Special Food,Dried fruit eaten by warriors at war.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20"
43887,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Baked or dried fruits ground, made into small cakes, roasted again and stored for winter use.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43888,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,74,e44,32,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Fruit cut in half, dried and stored for winter use.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32"
43889,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,121,l86,31,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Roots used ceremonially.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 31"
43890,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,58,bc41,36,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Stout leaves used as drumsticks.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 36"
43891,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,157,Navajo,121,l86,31,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used to wash hair and garments.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 31"
43892,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Suds made from root used for ceremonial purification baths.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43893,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Juice used to lubricate midwife's hand while removing retained placenta.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43894,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,5,Dye,,,Leaf juice used as a medium for pigments of pottery paints and slips.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43895,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make ceremonial and utilitarian baskets.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43896,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaf slivers made into paint brushes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43897,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaves made into brushes used for cleaning baskets.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43898,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fiber made into string or rope and used for temporary or emergency purposes.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43899,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Fiber used to tie snowshoes to the feet.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43900,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,Leaves made into a ball thrown into the air for archery target practice.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43901,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Roots made into ball for shinny game, played at night.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43902,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Fruit molded into foot long rolls.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43903,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43904,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Leaves stuck into snowballs, mixed with red clay and used to stop the snow and rain.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43905,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves used to make ceremonial drumstick.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43906,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Leaf juice mixed with pottery paste.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43907,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,21,3,Other,106,Soap,"Root made into soap used for washing wool or clothing, shampooing the hair and bathing the body. The root, pounded with rocks to remove the bark and to soften it, was stirred vigorously in warm water to whip up suds.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21"
43908,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as foundation in coiled basketry.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
43909,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the foundation in coiled basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43910,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Leaves split and used for the weft of wrapped weaving in house frames.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
43911,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaves split and used as tying material.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43912,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Seeds dried and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43913,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43914,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,44,Porridge,Fresh fruits made into a gruel and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43915,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,75,Staple,Fruits used as an important staple crop.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43916,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,27,cu35,23,1,Food,,,"Pulp ground, cooked and used for food.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23"
43917,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,160,cb42,61,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.  First Edition., page 61"
43918,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,188,Papago,58,bc41,56,3,Other,106,Soap,"Plant macerated, placed in water to form suds and used for washing hair.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 56"
43919,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,104,r08,72,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Fruits eaten raw as a cathartic.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 72"
43920,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used in basketry.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43921,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,50,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Fiber used to make hair brushes.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50"
43922,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fiber used to make cords or ropes.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43923,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,34,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven into mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34"
43924,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,37,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Split leaves used in weaving mats.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 37"
43925,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,16,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Dried fruit made into cakes, cooked in water and liquid drunk.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16"
43926,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,16,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Dried fruit made into cakes.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16"
43927,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,104,r08,72,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits boiled, dried, ground, boiled with flour and used for food.","Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 72"
43928,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,16,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Dried fruit made into cakes, ground and cooked with cornmeal to make gruel.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16"
43929,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,58,bc41,56,3,Other,106,Soap,"Plant macerated, placed in water to form suds and used for washing hair.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 56"
43930,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,193,Pima,104,r08,72,3,Other,106,Soap,Stems reduced to pulp and used as soap.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 72"
43931,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,194,"Pima, Desert",136,r91,6,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Used for trade.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6"
43932,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,6,1,Food,85,Candy,Plant dried and used as sweets.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6"
43933,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,7,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw and pit roasted.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
43934,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,55,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruits sun dried and stored for winter use.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55"
43935,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,55,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruits eaten raw, boiled or baked.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55"
43936,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,222,San Felipe,19,c35,54,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Partly matured fruits cooked to form a semi-liquid substance, dried and stored for winter use.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43937,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,222,San Felipe,19,c35,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe fruits eaten without preparation.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43938,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,222,San Felipe,19,c35,14,1,Food,,,Used as a source of food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 14"
43939,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,234,Sia,159,w62,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE  Bulletin #, page 107"
43940,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split leaves or fibers used as tying material.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 39"
43941,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruit pulp boiled in water and drunk.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43942,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Pulp mixed with chokecherries and made into cake.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43943,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,15,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Pulp patted into cakes and dried thoroughly.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15"
43944,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,12,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Preserved fruit soaked in water, cooked to a thick syrup and eaten as a sauce-like dessert.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 12"
43945,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,15,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits dried between beds of grass, split into halves, dried further in the sun and stored.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15"
43946,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Partially ripened fruits gathered, cooked, the pulp dried and stored for winter use.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43947,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pulp cooked to a paste and dried for winter use.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43948,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,10,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Pulp cooked to a paste, dried and stored for winter use.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"
43949,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,11,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Rind dried and eaten without cooking.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11"
43950,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"
43951,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,9,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 9"
43952,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,12,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Fruit pared, pulp chewed, cooked, dried and eaten as a conserve.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 12"
43953,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,15,1,Food,75,Staple,"Seeds dried, stored in baskets and ground into meal when needed.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15"
43954,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,12,1,Food,135,Sweetener,"Fruit pared, pulp chewed, cooked, dried and conserve dissolved in water to sweeten beverages.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 12"
43955,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,10,1,Food,,,Greatly sought after and utilized as food.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10"
43956,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,9,1,Food,,,Green pods gathered and allowed to mature in sun or dwellings.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 9"
43957,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,53,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant suspended from a ring carried on the back of a god impersonator.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 53"
43958,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,248,Southwest Indians,58,bc41,55,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves pounded and used in washing.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55"
43959,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"49, 50",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Infusion of root used as a wash in adoption and name-giving ceremonies.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49, 50"
43960,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"49, 50",2,Drug,40,Emetic,Unspecified plant part chewed as ritual emetic.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49, 50"
43961,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,"49, 50",2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Fruit eaten to promote easy childbirth.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49, 50"
43962,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,50,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fleshy leaves boiled, chewed and the fibers twisted into cord and rope.","Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 50"
43963,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits formerly eaten.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 50"
43964,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,58,bc41,45,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Leaves baked in warm pit, chewed and fiber woven into fishing nets.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 45"
43965,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,49,3,Other,106,Soap,"Roots bruised, placed in water and used to wash woolens, cotton fabrics, feathers and hair.","Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49"
43966,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,274,Walapai,58,bc41,17,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruits mixed with water and liquid drunk.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17"
43967,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,274,Walapai,58,bc41,17,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit dried, folded and stored for winter use.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 17"
43968,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,259,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fiber used to tie grass stems of mescal to make a brush.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259"
43969,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,58,bc41,16,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried fruit soaked in water until pulp dissolved and liquid drunk.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16"
43970,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sun dried fruit boiled and used as a beverage.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
43971,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sun dried fruit boiled and used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
43972,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,48,g36,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit cooked in coals and used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
43973,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,58,bc41,16,1,Food,,,"Flower stalks gathered before blossoming, roasted in fire and prepared for use.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16"
43974,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,284,Yavapai,58,bc41,56,3,Other,106,Soap,"Root, stem and leaves pounded and worked in water to form lather for washing hair and body.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 56"
43975,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,81,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Interlaced leaves used to make baskets.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81"
43976,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Split leaves used to make winnowing baskets, baskets for serving food & for transporting materials.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43977,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Leaf fibers used in weaving fabrics. The leaves were folded about four inches in length and tied with a fragment of the leaf.  These folds were boiled with a small quantity of cedar ashes.  When sufficiently cooked, the leaves were placed in a bowl or basket and cooled.  When the leaves were cooled, youths and young women peeled off the epidermis, and chewed the leaves starting at one end and progressing to the other.  After chewing the leaves, the fibers were separated, straightened out, tied with fiber strings and hung in an inner room to dry.  When required for weaving, the fibers were soaked in water to soften them.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43978,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,45,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Leaves boiled, chewed and fiber woven into skirts and kilts.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 45"
43979,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Leaf fibers made into cords used to tie prayer plume offerings together & for other ceremonial uses.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43980,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,40,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Leaves boiled, chewed and made into a double-stranded cord.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40"
43981,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split leaves used in place of cords or rope.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43982,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,47,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Dried leaves split, plaited and made into water-carrying head pads.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 47"
43983,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,36,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves split and plaited into mats to cover various vessels.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 36"
43984,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Split leaves plaited into mats for covering hatchways, grain vases and other vessels. The leaves are also used for making pads for supporting water vases upon the head.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"
43985,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,72,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten fresh or boiled, cooled and the skin peeled off with a knife.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 72"
43986,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,19,c35,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits pared and eaten raw or boiled and skinned.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43987,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,19,c35,54,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Flesh cooked, made into pats, sun dried and eaten as a conserve.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43988,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,72,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into conserves and used for food.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 72"
43989,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,19,c35,54,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Flesh cooked, made into pats, sun dried and mixed with water to form a syrup.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54"
43990,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,72,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Fruit made into conserves and used as a sweetener before the introduction of coffee and sugar.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 72"
43991,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,99,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Narrow leaf bands worn around the head by personators of anthropic gods. The personators of anthropic gods adorned their wrists and ankles with yucca ribbons and the novitiate into the medicine order of a secret fraternity had his or her wrists adorned with them also.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99"
43992,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,99,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used ceremonially for a great variety of purposes.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 99"
43993,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,58,bc41,55,3,Other,106,Soap,"Roots pounded, made into suds in cold water and used for washing.","Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55"
43994,4225,Yucca baccata Torr.,291,Zuni,6,s15,78,3,Other,17,Tools,Leaves used to make cincture pads for supporting water vases upon the head.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78"