id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
41681,4058,32,1,46,2,14,Taken for upset stomach.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
41682,4058,32,1,46,2,87,Infusion taken for 'ague.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
41683,4058,32,1,46,3,28,Stems twisted for bow strings.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
41684,4058,58,47,63,2,22,Decoction of plant taken to keep blood flowing after childbirth.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 63"
41685,4058,92,41,76,2,6,"Nettles rubbed on body for aches, pains and backaches.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
41686,4058,92,41,76,2,35,"Poultice of steamed leaves and roots used on swollen, sore, arthritic legs, ankles and joints.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
41687,4058,92,41,76,2,14,Nettles rubbed on stomach when sore.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
41688,4058,92,41,76,4,99,"Dried, peeled stems used to make twine, ropes and herring nets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
41689,4058,92,41,76,3,28,"Dried, peeled stems used to make twine, ropes and herring nets.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
41690,4058,100,7,307,2,89,Compound of plant and dried snake's blood used as a 'witching medicine.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 307"
41691,4058,100,112,118,1,31,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 118"
41692,4058,121,63,292,2,6,Plant rubbed on the skin for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41693,4058,121,63,292,2,8,Plant juice rubbed into the scalp to prevent hair from falling out.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41694,4058,121,63,292,2,22,"Plant juice taken by overdue, pregnant women.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41695,4058,121,63,292,2,18,Moxa of plant fiber used to cauterize the skin for various ailments.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41696,4058,121,63,292,2,46,Plant used for locomotor ataxia.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41697,4058,122,63,297,2,6,Fiber used to cauterize headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 297"
41698,4058,122,63,297,2,35,Fiber used to cauterize swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 297"
41699,4058,125,108,61,2,14,Infusion of roots taken for stomach pains.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 61"
41700,4058,125,108,61,4,99,Stem fibers used to make cordage.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 61"
41701,4058,133,3,246,2,61,"Leaves rubbed on fishing line to give it a green color or used as medicine for good fishing. An informant said, 'As a child I saw my father when he'd take this halibut line, fish line, and he'd tighten it from one end of the yard to the other, while it was being stretched like that, otherwise they coil and tangle you know.  He'd take a handful of those leaves and he'd rub it along the line and it gave it kind of a green color.  I don't know if that was just for the color or if he thought there was some medicine in it or something, for good fishing or something.  Might have been just to tint the line.'","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41702,4058,133,3,246,2,61,Used to rub the whale hunters bodies in order to be strong.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41703,4058,133,3,246,2,23,Stems put under splints to hasten the healing process.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41704,4058,133,3,246,2,142,Infusion of roots given to expectant mothers.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41705,4058,133,3,246,2,90,Used to rub down after the morning bath.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41706,4058,133,3,246,5,121,"Leaves rubbed on fishing line to give it a green color or used as medicine for good fishing. An informant said, 'As a child I saw my father when he'd take this halibut line, fish line, and he'd tighten it from one end of the yard to the other, while it was being stretched like that, otherwise they coil and tangle you know.  He'd take a handful of those leaves and he'd rub it along the line and it gave it kind of a green color.  I don't know if that was just for the color or if he thought there was some medicine in it or something, for good fishing or something.  Might have been just to tint the line.'","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41707,4058,133,3,246,4,43,Fibers used in weaving baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41708,4058,133,3,246,4,99,Fibers used to make string.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41709,4058,133,3,246,1,,Plant tops used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41710,4058,133,3,246,3,30,Used in rituals for whaling and fishing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41711,4058,133,3,246,3,58,Used to rub seal hunters bodies to protect themselves from the weather.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41712,4058,149,97,83,1,31,"Combined with pigweed, mustard, plantain and dock and used as mixed greens.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 83"
41713,4058,166,101,128,2,35,Plants whipped over body for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41714,4058,166,101,128,2,69,Young shoots chewed and swallowed as a tonic to prevent sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41715,4058,166,101,128,2,,Plants whipped over body by married persons for affection and faithfulness of spouses.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41716,4058,166,3,246,4,99,"Fibers, yellow cedar bark or cottonwood fibers and dog hair used to make stronger ropes.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41717,4058,166,101,128,4,99,"Stems dried, pounded and spun to make twine for binding and sewing purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41718,4058,166,3,246,3,28,Fibers used to make fish and duck nets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41719,4058,166,101,128,3,28,Plants rubbed in hands to eliminate human odor before touching fishing gear.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41720,4058,166,101,112,3,28,Plants rubbed on fishing lines to eliminate human odor.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
41721,4058,166,101,128,3,28,"Stems dried, pounded and spun to make fishing lines and duck nets.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41722,4058,166,101,53,3,28,Used as the leader for fishing.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
41723,4058,175,32,140,2,35,Fresh plants used to beat the skin after 'sweathousing' and for rheumatic and arthritic pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140"
41724,4058,175,32,140,1,31,New growths dipped in boiling water and eaten as greens.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140"
41725,4058,175,32,140,3,30,Plant used to make a tea taken during 'sweathousing' and used to 'wash' the skin and hair.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140"
41726,4058,175,32,140,3,58,Boiled plant used as a bath to combat witchcraft and a jinx by an evil person.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140"
41727,4058,185,50,126,2,35,Leaves and stalks used to whip aching arms and legs for rheumatism.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 126"
41728,4058,185,50,126,2,8,Decoction of roots taken for hives and itches.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 126"
41729,4058,233,92,70,2,6,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41730,4058,233,92,70,2,35,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41731,4058,233,92,70,2,8,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41732,4058,233,92,70,2,78,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41733,4058,233,92,70,1,27,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41734,4058,259,10,289,2,35,"Nettles used for arthritis. One informant said that a neighboring woman who had arthritis hit her skin all over with nettles and within two months, she was getting strong and healthy again.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41735,4058,259,10,289,2,8,"Decoction of roots used as a hair tonic for growing long, silky hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41736,4058,259,10,289,2,8,Plant tops used for skin disease.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41737,4058,259,10,289,2,74,Decoction of roots used as a soaking solution for bleeding hemorrhoids.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41738,4058,259,10,289,2,39,Poultice of leaves and stalks used for paralyzed limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41739,4058,259,10,289,2,,Infusion of leaves and tops used as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41740,4058,259,10,289,4,99,Plant tops used to make twine and fine thread. The plant tops were made into twine in the same manner as Indian hemp.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41741,4058,259,10,288,1,31,Greens cooked as green vegetables.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 288"
41742,4058,259,10,289,1,31,Plant tops eaten as a potherb after the arrival of the Chinese.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"
41743,4058,259,10,289,3,28,Plant tops made into twine and fine thread and used for making scoop nets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289"