id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
39444,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,48,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of branches with leaves taken 'for the lungs.',"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 48"
39445,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make harpoon shafts.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
39446,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood used to make adze handles, bark scrapers and wedges.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
39447,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,16,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Infusion of crushed leaves used as a wash to cause perspiring.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39448,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,16,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of crushed leaves used as a wash to improve general health.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39449,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,16,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and arrows.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39450,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39451,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make barbecue stakes.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39452,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and arrows.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39453,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Needles mixed with tobacco and smoked.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
39454,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,41,Clallam,99,f80,195,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195"
39455,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
39456,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of ground leaves applied to wounds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39457,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39458,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Used to make drum frames.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39459,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,16,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make wedges for splitting logs and digging sticks for roots and clams.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39460,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,49,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to make bows.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 49"
39461,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,85,Haihais,14,c93,319,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of wood and bark used for stomach pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39462,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,85,Haihais,14,c93,319,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of wood and bark used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39463,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,85,Haihais,14,c93,319,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrow heads and halibut hooks.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39464,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,86,Haisla,14,c93,187,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39465,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make war paddles and war clubs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39466,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Cooled decoction of small wood pieces taken for bloody urine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39467,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Sticks used to strike rods of cedar to make noise while driving animals to be killed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39468,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39469,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make clubs to knock out fish and halibut hooks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39470,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39471,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,48,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength, such as paddles.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"
39472,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,48,3,Other,17,Tools,"Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength, such as needles.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"
39473,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,48,3,Other,17,Tools,Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength; wedges & mat pressers.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"
39474,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,48,3,Other,17,Tools,Extremely strong and resilient wood used to make sticks for prying open mussels and chitons.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"
39475,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,48,3,Other,98,Weapon,Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength; spear handles & war clubs.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48"
39476,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
39477,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used in various ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
39478,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrows and whaling-harpoon stocks.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
39479,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make game disks.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
39480,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken as a 'blood medicine.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39481,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of twig bark taken for stomachaches.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
39482,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Leaves used to sew sacks.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39483,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten one at a time.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39484,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark used as the covering for stone knives.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
39485,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
39486,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39487,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make tobacco pipes.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
39488,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,3,Other,17,Tools,Bark used as the handle for stone knives.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
39489,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make various tools.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39490,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,319,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of wood and bark used for stomach pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39491,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,319,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of wood and bark used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39492,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,319,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrow heads and halibut hooks.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39493,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,114,Klallam,25,g73,16,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves taken for internal injury or pain.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39494,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,114,Klallam,25,g73,16,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and arrows.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39495,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,114,Klallam,25,g73,16,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Needles dried, pulverized and used in place of tobacco for smoking.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39496,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,115,Klamath,66,c97,89,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for bows.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89"
39497,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
39498,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
39499,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,3,Other,17,Tools,Trees used to measure strength. Men who could twist a yew tree from crown to butt were considered very strong.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
39500,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,285,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make curved digging sticks for prying wild clover roots.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"
39501,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,267,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used as a barklifter to peel red cedar bark off the trees.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267"
39502,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make fire tongs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
39503,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,133,Makah,25,g73,16,3,Other,32,Containers,Used to make trinket boxes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39504,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,133,Makah,25,g73,16,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used to make spoons and dishes.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39505,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,133,Makah,25,g73,16,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrows and whale harpoon shafts.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39506,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,305,2,Drug,13,Poison,Seeds considered poisonous.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
39507,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,305,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Red, fleshy berries used for food.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
39508,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,305,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Formerly used to make the strongest bows.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
39509,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,24,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for making bows.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 24"
39510,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make steering paddles and oarlock holders.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39511,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Wood used to make mat making needles.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39512,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branches used as scrubbers in the manhood training rituals of young boys.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39513,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, clubs, lances, whaling harpoon shafts and other fishing gear.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39514,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,226,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make chest high digging sticks.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 226"
39515,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood used to make digging and prying sticks, mat pressers and wedges.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39516,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,118,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks for harvesting pacific cinquefoil roots.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118"
39517,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,35,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Wood scrapings and Vaseline used as a sunburn ointment.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
39518,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,35,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35"
39519,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39520,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39521,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make serving bowls for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39522,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into bows for use with arrows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39523,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39524,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,183,Paiute,98,m53,39,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 39"
39525,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,197,Pit River,89,c02,305,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Formerly sold to the Ukiah Indians.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305"
39526,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
39527,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots twined as fabric.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
39528,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used for mush stirrers.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
39529,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,200,Pomo,80,g67,11,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for bows.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
39530,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root used as weft in twined baskets & root very strong & especially good for hopper mortar baskets.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
39531,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make mush stirrers.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
39532,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
39533,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,121,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121"
39534,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
39535,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used in various ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
39536,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrows and whaling-harpoon stocks.","Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
39537,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make game disks.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
39538,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to wounds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39539,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of dried bark taken as lung medicine.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39540,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Used to make combs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39541,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Used to make canoe bailers.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39542,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used to make spoons.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39543,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrows, all harpoon shafts, clubs and dip net frameworks.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39544,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,210,Quinault,25,g73,16,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make digging sticks for roots and clams.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39545,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,72,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72"
39546,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,72,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make paddles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72"
39547,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,72,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pegs dipped in boiling pitch and driven into holes in the corners of a box to seal it.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72"
39548,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,72,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, harpoon shafts and halibut hooks.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72"
39549,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,72,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make gambling disks.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72"
39550,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,72,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make weapons.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 72"
39551,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,221,Samish,25,g73,16,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrows, all harpoon shafts, clubs and dip net frameworks.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39552,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,221,Samish,25,g73,16,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Needles dried, pulverized and used in place of tobacco for smoking.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39553,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,221,Samish,25,g73,16,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make wedges for splitting logs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39554,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,230,Shasta,109,m66,217,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 217"
39555,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and arrows.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39556,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Smooth twigs of plant rubbed on the body to gain strength.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39557,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrows, all harpoon shafts, clubs and dip net frameworks.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39558,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Needles dried, pulverized and used in place of tobacco for smoking.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39559,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make wedges for splitting logs and digging sticks for roots and clams.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39560,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,16,3,Other,98,Weapon,Used to make war clubs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16"
39561,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of bark taken for any illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
39562,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Twigs used to make snowshoe frames.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
39563,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branches used by bereaved people to scrub and purify themselves.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
39564,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for making bows.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
39565,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,111,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood 'hardened' in the fire and used to make wedges, axe handles and digging sticks.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111"
39566,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,57,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39567,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,187,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Plant used for cancer.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39568,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,187,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Plant used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39569,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,57,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken to 'purify the blood.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39570,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"