id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
36110,3551,Salix sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,170,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of bark and bark from two other plants used for eye pain.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170"
36111,3551,Salix sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Used for sore eyes.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
36112,3551,Salix sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,166,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets and whistles.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 166"
36113,3551,Salix sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,156,3,Other,32,Containers,Used to make containers.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156"
36114,3551,Salix sp.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,166,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Used to make baskets and whistles.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 166"
36115,3551,Salix sp.,3,Alabama,115,t40,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Cold infusion of roots taken or used as a bath for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36116,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of plant used to counteract the laxative effect of the choke cherry infusion.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
36117,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,"Infusion of fresh, crushed roots used for internal hemorrhage.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
36118,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, crushed roots soaked in water & grease used as a tonic for dandruff & straightened the hair.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124"
36119,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,78,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots mixed with kidney fat and applied to head sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78"
36120,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,82,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of roots used for bloodshot or troublesome eyes.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
36121,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,68,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of fresh, crushed roots used for 'waist troubles.'","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68"
36122,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of roots swallowed for throat constrictions.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
36123,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,90,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Chewed roots spat into the horse's eye for cloudiness and bloodshot.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 90"
36124,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to make sweatlodge frames.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
36125,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Branches used to construct the many different sweat lodges. The Horn Society sweat lodge was constructed of fourteen willows.  The Holy Woman's sweat lodge in the Sun Dance was made of one hundred willows, which had been gathered by members of the Pigeon Society.  The Motokiks Society (a woman's society) constructed its lodge with twelve willows.  Medicine Pipes had fourteen.  The used frame of a sweat lodge was left on the prairie.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36126,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Sticks used as lodgepoles for small hunting tipis.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36127,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wands, sharpened at both ends, used to construct the dome shape of the sweat lodge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36128,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make the circular frames for bull boats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36129,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Boughs used to make back rest slats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
36130,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Sticks used to make backrests, part of the furniture of the tipi.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36131,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,,,Peeled galls used for food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
36132,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,105,1,Food,,,Scraped cambium eaten especially by children.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105"
36133,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,3,Other,32,Containers,"Wood used to make the top and bottom hoop of buckets, basins and other containers.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36134,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wood used to make tipi pegs and pins.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36135,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,17,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Gall pitch used for incense during the annual ceremonies of the Motokiks and Kaispa Societies.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17"
36136,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,122,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Branch with loosened bark used as a buzzing whistle.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 122"
36137,3551,Salix sp.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,67,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark peeled and used for cuts.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36138,3551,Salix sp.,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots used for headache or poultice of branches applied for severe headache.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36139,3551,Salix sp.,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots taken for dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36140,3551,Salix sp.,35,Chickasaw,115,t40,12,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Roots used for nosebleed.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36141,3551,Salix sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Root taken alone or in compounds for dysentery.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
36142,3551,Salix sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,342,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound decoction of inner bark taken for indigestion.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
36143,3551,Salix sp.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,378,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking and general utility.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378"
36144,3551,Salix sp.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,524,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Stem ashes used for sore eyes.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524"
36145,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,21,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a hair rinse.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 21"
36146,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,21,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used as a paste rubbed into the scalp for falling hair.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 21"
36147,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood made into poles used as basic element of house construction.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
36148,3551,Salix sp.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,249,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark braided into rope.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
36149,3551,Salix sp.,54,Cree,145,b41,495,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for syphilitic sores.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 495"
36150,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Compound infusion of root taken for fever with nausea and vomiting.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36151,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound infusion of root used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36152,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Plant used for rheumatism.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36153,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Compound infusion of root used as a wash for swellings.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36154,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36155,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Compound infusion of root taken for fever with nausea and vomiting.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36156,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Roots used for fevers.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36157,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound infusion of root taken for biliousness.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36158,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots used for biliousness.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36159,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of root taken for dropsy.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36160,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken or used as a bath for dropsy.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36161,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Compound infusion of root taken for malaria.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36162,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,115,t40,12,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Roots used for malaria.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12"
36163,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,18,Other,Compound infusion of root taken for dropsy and 'deer sickness.',"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36164,3551,Salix sp.,59,Creek,128,swan28,655,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Compound infusion of root taken for 'the clap.',"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655"
36165,3551,Salix sp.,60,Crow,30,h92,67,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark chewed for headache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36166,3551,Salix sp.,60,Crow,30,h92,67,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Stem tips formerly chewed as an emetic.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36167,3551,Salix sp.,60,Crow,30,h92,67,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Bark chewed for tooth hygiene.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36168,3551,Salix sp.,61,Dakota,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36169,3551,Salix sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,192,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of wetted leaves applied to bee stings.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192"
36170,3551,Salix sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,1,Food,56,Soup,Leaves added to stews and soups.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
36171,3551,Salix sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,192,1,Food,,,Early leaves used for food.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192"
36172,3551,Salix sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,1,Food,,,Leaves eaten raw in spring.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
36173,3551,Salix sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Small branches used to string fish for drying.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
36174,3551,Salix sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,189,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189"
36175,3551,Salix sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,182,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves added to tobacco in place of shelf fungus.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 182"
36176,3551,Salix sp.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,192,3,Other,203,Snuff,Ground galls used for snuff.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192"
36177,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,24,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves or bark taken for lung hemorrhage.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 24"
36178,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,"5, 6",2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for mouth sores.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 6"
36179,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,43,2,Drug,137,Preventive Medicine,Leaves eaten in early summer to protect against disease.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 43"
36180,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,24,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of leaves or bark taken for lung hemorrhage.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 24"
36181,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,"5, 6",2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Strong decoction of leaves or bark taken regularly for lung hemorrhage.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 6"
36182,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,"5, 6",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark gargled for sore throat.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 6"
36183,3551,Salix sp.,75,"Eskimo, Western",177,l59,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of inner and outer bark gargled for sore throat.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 23"
36184,3551,Salix sp.,76,Flathead,30,h92,67,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark chewed and used for cuts.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36185,3551,Salix sp.,76,Flathead,30,h92,67,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Leaves and young stem tips used to make an eyewash.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36186,3551,Salix sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,72,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used in roof construction.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72"
36187,3551,Salix sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,72,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Occasionally used in ceremonies.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72"
36188,3551,Salix sp.,95,Hopi,37,w39,72,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to make prayersticks.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72"
36189,3551,Salix sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,29,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as the frame in coiled basketry.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29"
36190,3551,Salix sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make shelters.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29"
36191,3551,Salix sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,29,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used for firewood.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29"
36192,3551,Salix sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,294,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294"
36193,3551,Salix sp.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,294,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294"
36194,3551,Salix sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a skin bath.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
36195,3551,Salix sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,42,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Twigs used to make baskets.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
36196,3551,Salix sp.,101,Isleta,76,j31,42,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches and leaves used for thatching houses.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
36197,3551,Salix sp.,108,Keresan,90,w45,564,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used extensively in making prayer sticks.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 564"
36198,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatic aches.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36199,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for pneumonia.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36200,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothaches.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36201,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in construction of summer shelters.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36202,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,3,Other,58,Protection,Leafy stems used to make wreathes worn by the women and children as sunshades during long walks.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36203,3551,Salix sp.,114,Klallam,25,g73,26,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of bark taken for sore throats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
36204,3551,Salix sp.,114,Klallam,25,g73,26,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
36205,3551,Salix sp.,115,Klamath,66,c97,94,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make frames for snowshoes.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94"
36206,3551,Salix sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,292,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bark used to make fishing line and reef nets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
36207,3551,Salix sp.,128,Luiseno,24,s08,233,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used to make bows.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 233"
36208,3551,Salix sp.,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stalks used to make the coiled foundations and coarse twine in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
36209,3551,Salix sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
36210,3551,Salix sp.,141,Micmac,103,s17,317,5,Dye,108,Black,Roots used to make a black dye.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317"
36211,3551,Salix sp.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used as tobacco.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
36212,3551,Salix sp.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,317,5,Dye,108,Black,Roots used to make a black dye.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317"
36213,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36214,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Wood used to make ropes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36215,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make backrests for tipis and cradleboards.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36216,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Wood used to make mattresses for tipis.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36217,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36218,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make meat racks.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36219,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wood used to make pins and pegs for tipis.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36220,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make fish and fox traps.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36221,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to make drums.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36222,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Wood used to make stirrups and hoops for catching horses.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36223,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make scrapers for removing hair from hides.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36224,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make gambling wheels.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36225,3551,Salix sp.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,67,3,Other,120,Walking Sticks,Wood used to make walking sticks.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36226,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used to make permanent carrying baskets.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36227,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Branches used to make a braided strap worn across the forehead to support a water bottle.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36228,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradle canopies.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36229,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Branches used to make prayersticks, prayerstick foundations and plumed wands.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36230,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Peeled sticks made into the talisman used in the Night Chant.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36231,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Sticks used for the Night Chant and Mountain Chant. For the first day's ceremony of the Mountain Chant, willow sticks were gathered to make the emblem of the concentration of the four winds.  A square was made with these sticks, leaving the ends projecting at the corners.  The square was then placed over the invalid's head.  For the rite of charcoal painting in the Night chant, a quantity of willow sticks, together with several pieces of pine bark, were burned to charcoal.  The ashes of two different kinds of weeds, together with the ashes of two small feathers, were then added to the fat of a goat, mountain sheep or other animal, made into balls and daubed on the usual parts of the body.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36232,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Branches used to make or sew water bottles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36233,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches hardened by pounding with a stone and used to make lances.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36234,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to make arrowshafts.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36235,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,3,Other,17,Tools,Branches made into heddle sticks and used in weaving.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36236,3551,Salix sp.,157,Navajo,74,e44,38,3,Other,17,Tools,Branches made into hoops and used inside the buckskin sack of a bellows.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38"
36237,3551,Salix sp.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,67,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Formerly used as an emetic.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36238,3551,Salix sp.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,67,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Twigs used to 'clean out' the insides.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67"
36239,3551,Salix sp.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Soft roots used by young boys and girls as pre-scrubbers in the first stage of adulthood training.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
36240,3551,Salix sp.,173,Ojibwa,135,ahj81,2302,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Heated poultice of inner bark applied to the throat for diphtheria.,"Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2302"
36241,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of inner cambium and powdered tree fungus applied to serious cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36242,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of branches taken by women for several months after childbirth to increase the blood flow.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36243,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Shredded inner bark used for sanitary napkins to 'heal a woman's insides.',"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36244,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36245,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36246,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of branches taken by women after childbirth and helped the baby through the breast milk.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36247,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36248,3551,Salix sp.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,136,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36249,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,322,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used for the ritual of mourning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322"
36250,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"73, 74",2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Stems thrust in gashes on forearms of grieving young men at funeral ceremony.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73, 74"
36251,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Young poles used for the framework of the vapor bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
36252,3551,Salix sp.,177,Omaha,17,g19,73,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Stems used in funeral customs. The burial ceremony occurred four days after the death.  The young men and friends of the family of the deceased accompanied the funeral party to the grave where they made parallel gashes in the skin of the forearm and thrust the willow stems into the gashes.  The stems were bathed with the young men's blood who attested their sympathy to the living and sang the tribal Song to the Spirit.  The song was one of cheer to the departing spirit and one of sympathy to the bereaved.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36253,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Burned root taken as pills or infusion of burned stems taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36254,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36255,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of woody stems taken as a physic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36256,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powder from dried, pulverized roots applied to syphilitic or purulent sores.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36257,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powder of dried, stem bark applied to infant's navel.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36258,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of burned stems taken by adults and children for 'failure to urinate.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36259,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of young twigs with salt taken as a laxative.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36260,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of burned stems taken by adults and children for intestinal influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36261,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound decoction of roots taken for lumbago.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36262,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of burned stems given to children for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36263,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of burned stems taken by adults and children for 'failure to urinate.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36264,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of burned stems taken by adults and children for intestinal influenza.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36265,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Powder of dried, stem bark applied to infant's navel.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36266,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of root bark taken as a spring tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36267,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Several species used in various ways for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36268,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Strong, flexible willows used to make baskets.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36269,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Willow used to construct house and sweathouse frames.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36270,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Willow used to make sheds for wind drying fish.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36271,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Woven willow bark made into string and used to make salmon traps.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36272,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Willow used to make baby baskets and cradle boards.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36273,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,3,Other,32,Containers,Willow covered with pine pitch used to make water jugs.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36274,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Willow woven into a tray and used for winnowing seeds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36275,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Willows used to make drinking vessels and cooking vessels.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36276,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Willow used to build fish weirs.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36277,3551,Salix sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,61,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Sticks wrapped formerly with buckskin but now with cloth and used for drum sticks.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61"
36278,3551,Salix sp.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36279,3551,Salix sp.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark taken in large quantities for colds.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
36280,3551,Salix sp.,200,Pomo,179,b08,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stem used as foundation material in basketry.,"Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 138"
36281,3551,Salix sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36282,3551,Salix sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves and twigs rubbed into the scalp for dandruff.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36283,3551,Salix sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root taken for stomachaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36284,3551,Salix sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of mashed roots applied to the gums for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36285,3551,Salix sp.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,133-136,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Several species used in various ways for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136"
36286,3551,Salix sp.,236,Sikani,9,s29,54,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Young willow chewed and saliva applied to sores.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54"
36287,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Fresh leaves chewed for mouth sores.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36288,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make basket rims.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36289,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make baskets for storing dried fish and meat.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36290,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used to make rims for birch bark baskets.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36291,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems and branches used as the siding on a smoke house.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36292,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used in the construction of various shelters.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36293,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems used to make the semispherical frame of the traditional style sweathouse.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36294,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make line.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36295,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Split, outer bark twisted into twine.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36296,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems used to make fish hangers and lashings.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36297,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stems used to make line.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36298,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Stems and spruce bark used to make a temporary sled for transporting meat across ice.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36299,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,1,Food,,,Sap and leaves eaten raw.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36300,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,1,Food,,,Young sprouts and sap used for food.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36301,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,3,Other,32,Containers,"Stems used to make fish hangers, basket rims, lashing and in the construction of various shelters.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36302,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,3,Other,32,Containers,Stems used to make fish hangers.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36303,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Stems used to fasten spruce poles into a fence for capturing caribou.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36304,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood and smoking fish.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36305,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Split, outer bark twisted into twine and used to make a dip net.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36306,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,3,Other,58,Protection,Leafless branches waved in the air to scare wolves away.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36307,3551,Salix sp.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,7,3,Other,58,Protection,Leafless stems waved in the air to scare wolves away. Wolves were said to dislike the noise this made and would leave the area.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7"
36308,3551,Salix sp.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,48,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Twigs, one for every household in the village, used in December ceremonies.","Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 48"
36309,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant used as a wash for pain and swelling, especially of feet.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
36310,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36311,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a wash for pain and swelling, especially of feet.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
36312,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used in shoes or moccasins as padding for tired or sore feet.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36313,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Branches used as splints for broken limbs and rubbed on compound fractures.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36314,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark used for bathing broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36315,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,471,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a wash for pain and swelling, especially of feet.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
36316,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of boiled bark used for a period of time for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36317,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36318,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split withes used for weaving baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36319,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Branches with the bark and leaves twisted and used for tying and binding in construction. The branches were used for tying and binding, especially in constructing the underground winter pit houses and in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36320,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split withes heated and twisted to make cabling for suspension bridges in 'the old days.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36321,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Branches used in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36322,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Dry logs lashed together to make rafts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36323,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark of dead trees used to make capes and aprons.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
36324,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Long shoots made into rope and used in lashing together fish drying racks and fish weir stakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36325,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Softened stems twisted to make rope and used to lash together fish drying racks.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36326,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split withes used to make string and rope.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36327,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradle hoops.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36328,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark of dead trees used to make mats and fiber blankets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
36329,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant enjoyed by moose.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36330,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark of dead trees used to make capes and aprons.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
36331,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,32,Containers,"Peeled, cleaned bark braided and woven together with Indian hemp fiber to make storage bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36332,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Branches with the bark and leaves twisted and used for tying and binding in construction. The branches were used for tying and binding, especially in constructing the underground winter pit houses and in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36333,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Long shoots made into ropes and used for lashing together fish drying racks and fish weir stakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36334,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Softened stems twisted to make rope and used to lash together fish drying racks.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36335,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Branches used in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36336,3551,Salix sp.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,73,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73"
36337,3551,Salix sp.,287,Yuki,199,k30,423,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used as basket material.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423"