id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
4506,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,204,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries formerly mixed with melted mountain goat fat and served to chiefs at feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204"
4507,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, applied as a salve to itching and peeling scalp.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4508,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, applied as a salve to rashes and skin sores.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4509,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, used as a wash for baby's head.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4510,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,66,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of plant used as a mouthwash for cankers and sore gums.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
4511,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,75,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, used as a wash for baby's head.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
4512,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,27,Beverage,Crushed leaves used to make tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4513,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and later soaked with sugar.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4514,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4515,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or mashed in fat and fried.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
4516,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4517,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for later use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4518,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Dried berries used in rattles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
4519,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,14,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Leaves mixed with tobacco, dried cambium or red osier dogwood and used in all religious bundles.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 14"
4520,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Dried berries strung on necklaces.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
4521,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Heavy fruit set taken by the medicine men as a sign of a severe winter to come.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4522,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,101,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Crushed leaves smoked with tobacco.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
4523,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves smoked as tobacco.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
4524,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4525,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaves placed on a piece of wood, roasted to a powder and placed on a cut for rapid healing.","Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
4526,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves pounded into a paste and applied to boils and pimples.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
4527,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,134,c73,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of ground leaves and stems applied to sores.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74"
4528,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with salmon eggs as a palatable and nutritious food.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
4529,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries used to make soup.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
4530,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,134,c73,74,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves and stems used to smoke.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74"
4531,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,27,Carrier,34,h49,12,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.,"Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949.  Pages 12, 38., page 12"
4532,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Used for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
4533,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Used for urinary diseases.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
4534,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,25,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
4535,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves, stems and berries taken for 'persistent' back pain.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4536,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for back pain and sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4537,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,40,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves wetted and used for pain relief.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4538,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of wetted leaves rubbed on the back for pain.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4539,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,40,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Berries and other plants used for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4540,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,40,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Berries and other plants used for coughs.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4541,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,13,g05,41,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant taken and leaves rubbed on back for painful or sprained back.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 41"
4542,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4543,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4544,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,25,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves burned to drive away bad spirits for people going crazy.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25"
4545,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,25,2,Drug,,,Berries used as an ingredient in medicinal mixtures.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25"
4546,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,25,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves dried, mixed with red willow bark and used for pipe smoking.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25"
4547,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,14,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with skunkbush leaves in the absence of tobacco and smoked.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14"
4548,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,183,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco or red willow and used to smoke in a pipe.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4549,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,37,"Chinook, Lower",25,g73,44,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries dried in bags, mixed with oil and eaten.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
4550,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,37,"Chinook, Lower",25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
4551,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Pulverized, dried leaves compounded and smoked for headache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
4552,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,376,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Roots smoked in pipes as charms to attract game.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 376"
4553,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,318,1,Food,86,Spice,Berries cooked with meat to season the broth.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 318"
4554,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Used for smoking.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
4555,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves pulverized and smoked before the introduction of tobacco and presently mixed with tobacco.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
4556,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
4557,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
4558,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,47,Coeur d'Alene,144,teit28,90,1,Food,56,Soup,"Berries dried, boiled with roots and eaten as soup.","Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90"
4559,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,54,Cree,145,b41,485,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.,"Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485"
4560,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Infusion of whole plant and velvet leaf blueberry taken to bring menstruation.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4561,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Fruit mixed with grease and used for children with diarrhea.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4562,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of stems & blueberry stem taken to prevent miscarriage without causing damage to the baby.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4563,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of stems and blueberry stems taken to speed a woman's recovery after childbirth.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4564,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Roots and several other herbs used to slow excessive menstrual bleeding.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4565,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Fruit mixed with grease and used for children with diarrhea.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4566,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit cooked in grease, pounded, mixed with raw fish eggs and eaten. Approximate proportions of ingredients were 1 tablespoon grease, 1 1/2 cups fruit and 2 tablespoons whitefish eggs separated from the adhering membranes.  A little sugar was added for flavor.  After the fruits were lightly cooked in grease, they were pounded until they were crumbly.  They were then placed in a heavy cloth folded to make a sack and pounded with the back of an axe head.  The fish eggs moistened the pounded fruit.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4567,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,29,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked in a pipe.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4568,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,60,Crow,30,h92,40,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves pulverized and powder used for canker sores of the mouth.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4569,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,23,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries cooked and eaten.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23"
4570,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,68,"Eskimo, Arctic",171,p53,23,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves powdered, dried, used as a substitute for tobacco or mixed with the tobacco and smoked.","Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23"
4571,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,71,"Eskimo, Inuktitut",64,w78,191,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used as an additive to or substitute for tobacco.,"Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191"
4572,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,99,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99"
4573,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries and oil eaten with dry meat.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99"
4574,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,99,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten with salmon eggs, to prevent the eggs from sticking to the teeth.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99"
4575,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,99,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,Berries stored in bear fat and cracklings or in seal oil and used to make ice cream.,"Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99"
4576,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,72,"Eskimo, Inupiat",54,j83,99,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Berries stored in seal oil, fish oil or rendered bear fat.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 99"
4577,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,76,Flathead,30,h92,40,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of pulverized leaves used for burns.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4578,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,76,Flathead,30,h92,40,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Smoke from leaves used for earache.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4579,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,76,Flathead,30,h92,40,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Berries dried, powdered and used as a condiment with deer liver.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4580,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,5,Dye,150,Brown,Berries used to make a gray-brown dye.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
4581,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,80,Great Basin Indian,139,n66,49,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used as one of the elements in the tobacco mixture.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49"
4582,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mashed, mixed with grease and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4583,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,239,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries mixed with high bush cranberries or Pacific crabapples and featured at winter feasts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4584,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,239,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves smoked like tobacco.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4585,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,64,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64"
4586,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,94,Hoh,77,r36,66,2,Drug,,,Leaves smoked as medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
4587,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,94,Hoh,77,r36,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves smoked during religious ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
4588,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,94,Hoh,77,r36,66,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and smoked.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
4589,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,102,Jemez,28,c30,20,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves smoked as tobacco.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
4590,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,108,Keresan,90,w45,559,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking.,"White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559"
4591,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,110,Kimsquit,53,t73,204,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries formerly dried, boiled, mixed with boiled dumplings and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204"
4592,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,118,Koyukon,158,n83,55,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries stored in grease or oil and eaten with fish or meat.,"Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55"
4593,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,282,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves smoked as a narcotic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
4594,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, mealy berries formerly used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
4595,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,125,Lakota,108,r80,44,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used as tobacco.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44"
4596,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,297,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297"
4597,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,297,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Leaves dried and sold.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297"
4598,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,133,Makah,101,ttco83,104,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for smoking.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4599,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,138,Menominee,51,s23,35,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Dried leaves used as a seasoner to make certain female remedies taste good.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 35"
4600,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit eaten fresh and dried.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
4601,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
4602,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,40,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries boiled and used to make a broth.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4603,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,40,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Berries eaten raw or fried during famines.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4604,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,7,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
4605,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,38,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38"
4606,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,38,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38"
4607,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,38,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Dried leaves smoked with mountain tobacco to bring good luck.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38"
4608,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruits eaten by grouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4609,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits formerly eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4610,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried or roasted and smoked.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4611,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,297,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves roasted, crushed and smoked.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297"
4612,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,167,Nootka,101,ttco83,104,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for smoking.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4613,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4614,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,239,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4615,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4616,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4617,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Leaves used for medicine ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4618,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves smoked to cause intoxication.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4619,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,231,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231"
4620,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,238,2,Drug,,,Leaves used for medicinal purposes.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238"
4621,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for spitting of blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4622,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a blood tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4623,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4624,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4625,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the bladder.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4626,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4627,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,101,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves toasted and used as a tobacco.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4628,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for blood-spitting.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4629,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4630,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4631,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4632,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for bladder.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4633,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Insipid fruits eaten fresh.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
4634,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,38,1,Food,56,Soup,Insipid fruits boiled in soups.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
4635,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,144,teit28,239,1,Food,75,Staple,Berries used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"
4636,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,39,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
4637,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4638,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,239,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4639,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,183,Paiute,98,m53,100,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 100"
4640,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves smoked like tobacco.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
4641,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves used for smoking, like tobacco.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
4642,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,118,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118"
4643,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,209,Quileute,77,r36,66,2,Drug,,,Leaves smoked as medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
4644,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,209,Quileute,77,r36,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves smoked during religious ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
4645,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,209,Quileute,77,r36,66,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and smoked.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66"
4646,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,82,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"
4647,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,82,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and smoked or mixed with tobacco and smoked.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82"
4648,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,220,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Green leaves dried, pulverized and sprinkled on skin sores.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220"
4649,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,220,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of entire plant used as hair wash for dandruff and scalp diseases.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220"
4650,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,220,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of entire plant used as young girls' hair wash to insure growth.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220"
4651,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,220,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of entire plant used as young girls' hair wash to insure growth.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220"
4652,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,32,tbk80,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and stored for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101"
4653,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,226,Sanpoil and Nespelem,44,r32,102,1,Food,56,Soup,Dried berries used in soups.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102"
4654,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,62,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves roasted until dry, mashed and mixed with tobacco.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62"
4655,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used as a tobacco substitute.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
4656,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,243,Skokomish,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten with salmon eggs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
4657,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,250,Spokan,144,teit28,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
4658,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,44,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries occasionally eaten.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44"
4659,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Raw berries eaten as a laxative.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4660,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries warmed in grease and eaten.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4661,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",172,g74,28,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Guedon, Marie-Francoise, 1974, People Of Tetlin, Why Are You Singing?, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 9, page 28"
4662,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Raw berries mixed with grease, dried or fresh, raw whitefish eggs and eaten.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4663,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,255,"Tanana, Upper",36,k85,10,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Raw berries mixed with grease, dried or fresh, raw whitefish eggs and stored for later use.","Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4664,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken for blood-spitting.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4665,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of root taken for 'blood spitting.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4666,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,373,Dietary Aid,Raw leaves chewed to alleviate thirst.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4667,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a diuretic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4668,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4669,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4670,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for canker sores and weak gums.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4671,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant taken and used as a wash for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4672,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4673,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys and bladder.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4674,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for bladder.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4675,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,458,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the bladder.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4676,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Infusion of leaves used as a tonic, antiseptic & astringent for bladder & urinary passage disorders.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4677,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,493,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young stems boiled and drunk as a tea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493"
4678,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,514,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruits eaten by deer.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
4679,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,52,Fruit,Drupes eaten fresh.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
4680,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, mealy fruits eaten with bear fat or fish oil because of the dryness.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4681,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Insipid fruits eaten fresh.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
4682,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,Washed berries fried in hot lard or salmon oil and used for food. The berries would crackle and pop 'just like popcorn.'  They were the only berries prepared in this manner.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4683,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,486,1,Food,56,Soup,Drupes boiled in soups.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486"
4684,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,38,1,Food,56,Soup,Insipid fruits boiled in soups.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38"
4685,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves placed in moccasins or shoes after the death of a husband or wife for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4686,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried or toasted leaves alone or mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Too much smoking of these leaves was said to make one dizzy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4687,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,495,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495"
4688,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,55,p52,39,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
4689,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Mashed berries rubbed on the inside of coiled cedar root baskets to waterproof them. The berries were used to waterproof baskets such as those used for whipping soapberries.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4690,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4691,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"