id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
31835,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31836,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried acorns stored for a year or more in granaries.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31837,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,1,Food,44,Porridge,Cooked acorns used to make mush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31838,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,1,Food,47,Special Food,Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31839,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit.","Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31840,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31841,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,37,Fuel,Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31842,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31843,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31844,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31845,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,121,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121"
31846,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,1,Food,,,Acorns used for food.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
31847,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,128,Luiseno,24,s08,194,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten.","Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194"
31848,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,128,Luiseno,24,s08,193,1,Food,75,Staple,Acorns eaten as a staple food.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193"
31849,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,128,Luiseno,24,s08,194,1,Food,75,Staple,"Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal.  The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness.","Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194"
31850,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,128,Luiseno,24,s08,194,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Acorns formerly gathered for storage in acorn granaries.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194"
31851,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,131,Mahuna,5,r54,56,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Plant used for newborns with bleeding navels.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 56"
31852,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,131,Mahuna,5,r54,56,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant used for newborns with bleeding navels.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 56"
31853,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,200,Pomo,80,g67,12,1,Food,,,Acorns used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12"
31854,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,80,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Acorns sun dried before storing.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 80"
31855,3251,Quercus agrifolia N‚e,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,80,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Acorns used as flour for pancakes, bread, mush or soup. Acorns were dried in the sun before storing.  The acorns were cracked open and the inner nuts put in a winnowing basket and rubbed to remove the chaff.  They were then put into a hopper mortar basket and pounded with a pestle to the consistency of flour.  This flour was sifted with a basket and placed in a basin of clean sand and water poured over it many times to remove the bitter flavor.  The water was poured over a bundle of leaves or branches that served to break the fall of the water and not splash sand into the food.  The ground and leached meal was then cooked into mush or thinned with water to make soup.  If pancakes or bread were to be made, the flour was ground coarser and was left soaking longer in the water.  For bread, the dough was shaped into cakes that were wrapped in large leaves and baked in the coals.  Red earth could be added to the dough to make a dark sweet bread.  Another method produced moldy acorns that were made into mush.  The acorns were not dried in the sun, but were left in the house until they turned greenish with mold.  The mold was rubbed off.  These nuts were pounded together with whitened dry acorns and made into mush.  Another method was to leave cracked acorns in a pool for four or five months.  They were then removed from the shell and cooked without pulverizing.  They could be used for soup or mush, or eaten whole.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 80"