id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
23879,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,50,Costanoan,16,b84,14,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Leaves smoked as a general purgative in social and ritual contexts.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14"
23880,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,50,Costanoan,16,b84,14,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Leaves smoked as a general purgative in social and ritual contexts.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14"
23881,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,50,Costanoan,16,b84,14,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Plant smoke blown into the ear for earaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14"
23882,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,50,Costanoan,16,b84,14,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Fresh leaves chewed as an emetic.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14"
23883,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,105,Karok,109,m66,209,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 209"
23884,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,105,Karok,71,sg52,389,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves dried, powdered and smoked.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389"
23885,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Chewed plant put in the nostril for headaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23886,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of plant applied to the chest for internal pains.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23887,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant applied to bleeding cuts.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23888,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant applied to itchy bites.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23889,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Chewed plant put in the ear for earaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23890,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant eaten to cause vomiting.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23891,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant induced vomiting.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23892,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant eaten to clean out the stomach.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23893,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Poultice of plant applied to woman's stomach during parturition.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23894,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,153,Hallucinogen,Plant eaten to cause dreams.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23895,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of plant applied to bleeding cuts.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23896,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used for infanticide and suicide.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23897,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23898,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant blown in the air to prevent bad dreams.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23899,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Plant used as snuff for stuffy noses.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23900,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Plant used as a soporific.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23901,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used for fatigue.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23902,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant held between the teeth for toothaches.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23903,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves and lime placed in the camp fire to prevent supernatural beings from bothering you.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23904,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,43,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves dried, pulverized, powdered, mixed with liquid, formed into cakes and smoked in hollow stems.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43"
23905,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,386,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Light green leaves used for smoking.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 386"
23906,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,140,Mewuk,109,m66,356,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356"
23907,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,142,Midoo,109,m66,319,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319"
23908,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,115,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves used as tobacco.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 115"
23909,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,266,Tolowa,70,b81,41,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves smoked for leisure.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41"