id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
19131,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Used for 'female obstructions.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19132,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Decoction of berries given for worms.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19133,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Used for rheumatism and 'female obstructions.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19134,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion taken for colds.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19135,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Used as an ointment for itch, skin diseases and 'white swelling.'","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19136,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Used as a diaphoretic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19137,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Used as a diaphoretic and for measles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19138,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make fence posts.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19139,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19140,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to carve.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19141,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,28,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Used for moth proofing.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
19142,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Compound decoction of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
19143,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Compound decoction of twigs taken for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
19144,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Compound decoction of twigs taken or used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
19145,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,371,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Bark used to make a mahogany colored dye for coloring cedar strips in mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371"
19146,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for mats.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
19147,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,522,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Smoke from leaves inhaled for purifying effect.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522"
19148,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,48,Comanche,147,cj40,522,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of  Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522"
19149,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,56,"Cree, Hudson Bay",83,h84,303,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Leaves used as a diuretic.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
19150,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19151,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19152,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of leaves taken and used as a wash for cholera.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19153,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19154,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,63,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
19155,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"30, 76",2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76"
19156,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,30,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30"
19157,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,271,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Compound decoction taken for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 271"
19158,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,271,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound decoction taken for colds.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 271"
19159,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,271,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound decoction taken for coughs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 271"
19160,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,271,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Compound decoction taken as a diuretic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 271"
19161,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Berries chewed for canker sores in the mouth.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
19162,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles thrown into the fire and used as incense during prayers in the peyote meeting.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
19163,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Red, aromatic heartwood used to make 'love flutes.'","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
19164,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,30,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Leaves burned and smoke inhaled for headcolds.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
19165,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,30,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries eaten to relieve thirst.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
19166,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,30,1,Food,86,Spice,"Berries crushed and used to flavor soups, meats and stews.","Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
19167,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,30,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves and twigs burned as incense in funerals.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
19168,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,234,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Wood prepared in warm water and used as a seasoner for other medicines.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 234"
19169,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,234,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of leaves taken by convalescent patients.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 234"
19170,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,234,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves taken for weakness and as a convalescent medicine.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 234"
19171,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,20,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make the wand carried in the War Dance Ceremony.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20"
19172,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19173,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19174,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19175,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19176,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19177,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Pulp wood and wood posts sold to make paper and fencing.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19178,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,245,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Split strips thatched and placed on graves.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245"
19179,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bruised leaves and berries used internally for headache.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
19180,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in the sun dance ceremony and various rituals.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19181,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in the vapor bath of the purificatory rites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19182,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19183,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19184,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Plant used in the vapor bath of the purificatory rites.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19185,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,"Twigs used on hot stones in vapor bath, especially in purification rites.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19186,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19187,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,320,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Twigs used as incense.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320"
19188,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,63,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
19189,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19190,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19191,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,15,Sedative,Smoke from burning twigs used for nervousness and bad dreams.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19192,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19193,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,63,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
19194,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19195,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19196,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,"Twigs used on hot stones in vapor bath, especially in purification rites.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19197,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,"63, 64",2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64"
19198,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,63,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63"
19199,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,30,2,Drug,18,Other,Infusion of bark taken for summer complaint (summer cholera).,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"
19200,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,30,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Compound infusion with berries taken for shortness of breath.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"
19201,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,211,Rappahannock,102,shc42,33,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Compound infusion with berries taken for asthma.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 33"
19202,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,216,Salish,144,teit28,294,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Plant used for fumigation.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294"
19203,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used as a fuel to make a heavy smoke for smoking skins.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
19204,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,263,"Thompson, Upper (Nicola Band)",33,steed28,500,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used in combination with sagebrush as a fuel to make a heavy smoke when desiring very dark skins.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"