id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
18936,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,37,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with mescal and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 37"
18937,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of berries taken for vomiting.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18938,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of berries taken for vomiting.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
18939,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and turpentine rubbed on parts affected by arthritis and rheumatism.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18940,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,30,h92,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Leaves boiled, turpentine added, mixture cooled and used for arthritis and rheumatism.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18941,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony, the summer festival of the Blackfoot.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18942,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,276,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used on the altar of the sacred woman at the Sun Dance.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
18943,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,"Leaves burned as incense in ceremonies, especially to remove fear of thunder.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18944,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or used as steambath for colds.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18945,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Fleshy cones chewed for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18946,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for colds.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18947,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for coughing.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18948,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for constant coughing.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
18949,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion taken for coughs.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18950,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for high fevers.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18951,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for fevers.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18952,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Leaves burned at childbirth to promote delivery.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18953,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,"Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or used as steambath for colds.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18954,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Wood flutes used to 'charm a girl whom a man loved to make her love him.',"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18955,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for pneumonia.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18956,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken as a sedative.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18957,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Infusion used for sedating hyperactive persons.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18958,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,4,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of boughs or cones taken for tickles in the throat or tonsillitis.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4"
18959,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,170,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for a tickling in the throat.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170"
18960,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion taken for 'tickling of the throat.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18961,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,13,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Knots used to make bowls.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13"
18962,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
18963,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,5,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used as the best material for bows.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5"
18964,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,13,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Burned as an incense when making medicine.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13"
18965,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,5,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to make courting flutes.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5"
18966,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,36,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant burned and smoke used for protection from thunder and lightning.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18967,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,60,Crow,30,h92,36,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for diarrhea.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18968,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,60,Crow,30,h92,36,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion taken for lung or nose hemorrhages.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18969,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,60,Crow,30,h92,36,2,Drug,165,Dietary Aid,Fleshy cones chewed to increase the appetite.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18970,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,60,Crow,30,h92,36,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Fleshy cones chewed for upset stomach.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18971,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,60,Crow,30,h92,36,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion taken after birth for cleansing and healing.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18972,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,76,Flathead,30,h92,36,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant burned and smoke used to purify the air and ward off illness.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18973,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,76,Flathead,30,h92,36,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for colds.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18974,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,76,Flathead,30,h92,36,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for fevers.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18975,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,76,Flathead,30,h92,36,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for pneumonia.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18976,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,76,Flathead,30,h92,36,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Leaves placed on hot coals and smoke used for sick horses.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18977,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,94,Hoh,77,r36,57,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Twigs and berries used in ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
18978,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,102,Jemez,28,c30,24,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw or stewed.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
18979,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,108,Keresan,90,w45,561,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten raw by hunters while out in the mountains, but better when cooked.","White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 561"
18980,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,36,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for colds.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18981,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,36,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant burned and smoke used for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18982,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,36,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for fevers.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18983,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,36,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion taken for sugar diabetes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18984,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,36,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for pneumonia.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18985,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,36,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Concoction used for arthritis and rheumatic pain.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18986,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Aromatic twigs burned as incense.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
18987,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,14,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for fence posts.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
18988,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,36,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18989,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,36,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make lance shafts and bows.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
18990,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,157,Navajo,74,e44,20,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant taken as a 'War Dance medicine.',"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20"
18991,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,157,Navajo,74,e44,20,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant rubbed on the hair for dandruff.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20"
18992,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,157,Navajo,74,e44,20,2,Drug,,,Pounded mixture of herbs given to patient during the blackening ceremony of the War Dance.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20"
18993,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,15,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15"
18994,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for headache and stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18995,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Cold infusion used as a ceremonial medicine to protect from enemies and witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18996,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for colds.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18997,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for fever.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18998,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for stomachache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
18999,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for kidney trouble.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
19000,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,12,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Cold infusion taken and used as lotion in ceremony for protection from witches.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12"
19001,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,36,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for colds.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19002,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,36,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for fevers.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19003,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,36,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for pneumonia.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19004,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of branch tips and needles taken for internal hemorrhaging.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19005,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed and dampened branches applied to arthritic joints.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19006,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed and dampened branches applied to skin sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19007,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of sap used for the flu and colds. Five strips of bark each about five centimeters by ten centimeters were boiled in about two liters of water in order to obtain the sap.  Only bark from the bottom part of the tree could be used.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19008,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of branch tips and needles considered a good emergency medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19009,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries believed to be poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19010,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Berries made into a drink and taken in the sweathouse. This drink could only be taken with great caution, because the berries were believed to be poisonous.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19011,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Pounded branches, berries and water used to soak arrowheads and render them poisonous. Arrowheads, soaked overnight in a solution of pounded juniper branches (with berries) and water, were said to cause a deer's blood to coagulate when it was wounded so that it couldn't run far.  This 'poison' worked effectively, even if the deer were only nicked with the arrowhead.  It was said not to affect the edibility of the meat.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19012,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Tough wood used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19013,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,3,Other,58,Protection,"Boughs considered an extremely powerful medicine for combating evil spirits associated with death. When a person died, his family used the boughs to fumigate the house.  All the doors and windows were closed and the boughs were burned and the smoke allowed to fill all the rooms.  This treatment was made even more effective by adding rose branches to the juniper.  After the smoke treatment, rose and juniper branches were boiled together and the water used to wash the entire house--lights, windows, floors, walls and ceilings.  This wash water was then taken outside and splashed all around the house and along the trails leading to the outbuildings to prevent the spirit of the dead person from coming back to the house.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19014,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Tough wood used to make double yokes for horses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19015,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Tough wood made into a spoked wheel and used in a throwing game. The wheel was rolled along a trough and contestants threw spear-like sticks at it, trying to stop it by having their stick enter the center of the wheel, thus making it fall over.  Lesser points were made by getting the stick part way through the spokes, each of which gave a different value according to its color.  The winner had to get twenty points.  This game was played by men and was often accompanied by betting.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19016,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,3,Other,98,Weapon,"Pounded branches, berries and water used as a poison on bullets.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19017,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,19,3,Other,98,Weapon,"Pounded branches, berries and water used as a poison to kill people quickly in warfare.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19"
19018,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Fruit eaten for bladder troubles.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
19019,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,209,Quileute,77,r36,57,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Twigs and berries used in ceremonies.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
19020,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,70,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Scented branches hung around the house during disease epidemics to 'drive the germs away.',"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70"
19021,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,221,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of leaves, stems and berries used as a wash for sores.","Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221"
19022,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,221,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Berries eaten or decoction taken for tuberculosis.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221"
19023,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,225,Sanpoil,44,r32,221,2,Drug,,,Berries eaten or decoction taken for general illnesses.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221"
19024,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,92,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of twigs taken over a long period of time for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 92"
19025,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Used in the sweathouse.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19026,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a steam bath for the flu.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19027,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of stems and needles taken for any sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19028,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19029,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used to keep earwigs and bedbugs out of the house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19030,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,238,Sioux,30,h92,36,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for colds.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19031,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,238,Sioux,30,h92,36,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant burned and smoke used for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19032,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,238,Sioux,30,h92,36,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for fevers.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19033,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,238,Sioux,30,h92,36,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of leaves formerly used for cholera.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19034,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,238,Sioux,30,h92,36,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Infusion of boughs, branches and cones used for pneumonia.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19035,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,252,Stony Indian,30,h92,36,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion taken for hemorrhages.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 36"
19036,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots used as a foot soak for rheumatism.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
19037,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of leaves used to disinfect the house.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
19038,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for all ailments.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
19039,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,21,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of leaves taken as a general tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 21"
19040,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,257,Tewa,19,c35,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh or heated.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32"
19041,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of berries used externally for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19042,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of branches and berries taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19043,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of berries used as a wash for all types of bites and stings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19044,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of boughs taken or used as a wash for hives or sores. The informant said that she used a decoction of mashed boughs and Douglas fir to bathe her children when they had the 'seven year itch' and that it worked, but not as well as modern medicine.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19045,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,"Decoction or infusion of plant used to disinfect the house after an illness or death. The decoction was used to scrub the floors, walls and furniture after an illness or death in the house.  It was also used to wash the deceased person's bedding and clothing as well as serving as a protective wash for other members of the household.  The steam from the infusion was also said to have a disinfecting effect.  If they knew that an illness was going to arrive, they broke the branches and burned them in the house for the strong smoke which they said would keep the air fresh so that the sickness would not affect them.  They also burned the branches after a death in the house to freshen the air.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19046,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Fresh berries eaten as a diuretic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
19047,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Fresh or dried berries eaten as a diuretic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19048,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of berries used externally for stomach ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19049,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of branches and berries taken every morning just before childbirth. The decoction was taken every morning just before childbirth to promote muscular relaxation.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19050,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Decoction of branches and berries taken for heart trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19051,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19052,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of boughs used for 'black measles' or chickenpox.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19053,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant considered effective in combating evil 'spirits' associated with illness and death.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19054,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of branches and berries taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19055,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,465,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Fresh berries eaten as a medicine for the bladder.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 465"
19056,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Fresh or dried berries eaten for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19057,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Fruit eaten for bladder troubles.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
19058,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Strong decoction of berries used to kill ticks on horses.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
19059,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Tree used to bring good luck.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19060,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Hunters rubbed the boughs on themselves as protection against grizzlies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19061,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and clubs.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
19062,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make the two outer prongs of a leister, the center from 'ironwood' or saskatoon wood.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19063,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,512,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Strong decoction of berries used to kill ticks on horses.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 512"
19064,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to make drums.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
19065,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,58,Protection,"Boughs used as protection against illnesses and death. One informant said that, formerly, when a person died the branches were broken and laid in the coffin to keep the germs away and to keep the spirit or 'ghost' of the deceased person from harming or scaring the living.  The informant also said that the branches could be placed on the stove in a little dish and the scent allowed to permeate the room.  The branches could also be placed around the edges of the family's bedrooms as a disinfectant.  They were left there until they lost their strong, pungent odor.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19066,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,58,Protection,Hunters rubbed the boughs on themselves as protection against grizzlies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"