id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
2795,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,2,Acoma,19,c35,15,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Young plants boiled and dried for winter use.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2796,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,2,Acoma,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2797,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,48,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds winnowed, ground into flour and used to make bread.","Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48"
2798,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,46,1,Food,,,Leaves eaten without preparation or cooked with green chile and meat or animal bones.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46"
2799,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Used as an ingredient in a green corn medicine.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
2800,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Astringent leaves used for profuse menstruation.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
2801,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Leaves used to 'relieve profuse menstruation.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
2802,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,43,Cochiti,19,c35,16,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16"
2803,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,316,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Decoction and doll used to 'make a person break out like cancer.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 316"
2804,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,117,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Cooked and seasoned with salt, pepper or butter.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 117"
2805,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,101,Isleta,76,j31,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Fresh, tender, young leaves eaten as greens.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
2806,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,102,Jemez,28,c30,20,1,Food,,,Young plant used for food many generations ago.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
2807,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,26,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant used for the stomach.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
2808,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,26,1,Food,,,Seeds collected and ground with meal for food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
2809,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young, tender plants used for greens like spinach.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
2810,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,26,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Plant boiled and dried for winter storage.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
2811,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,124,Laguna,19,c35,15,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Young plants boiled and dried for winter use.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2812,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,124,Laguna,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young plants boiled and eaten as greens.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2813,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,346,1,Food,75,Staple,"Small, shiny black seeds used to make pinole.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 346"
2814,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"70, 128",2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for hoarseness.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
2815,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Combined with mustard, plantain, dock and nettle and used as mixed greens.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 83"
2816,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds ground, boiled, mixed with corn flour and made into dumplings.","Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
2817,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,119,steg41,222,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds ground, boiled and mixed with corn flour into a gruel.","Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222"
2818,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,46,1,Food,,,Leaves and seeds mixed with grease and eaten.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
2819,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,46,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
2820,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2821,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,46,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves boiled and eaten like spinach.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
2822,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,46,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Leaves boiled and canned.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
2823,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,2,Drug,122,Antidote,"Stem, three inches long, made into snake figurine for snake infection.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
2824,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
2825,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
2826,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves used as spring greens, boiled with meat, boiled alone or boiled and fried with meat or fat.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
2827,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Seeds stored for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
2828,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,207,Pueblo,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2829,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,249,Spanish American,19,c35,15,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Boiled and eaten like spinach, boiled and fried in lard or canned.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15"
2830,193,Amaranthus retroflexus L.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,53,1,Food,,,Boiled or fried and used for food.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 53"