id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
15263,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,128,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Infusion of inner bark taken for depression.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128"
15264,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,128,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Infusion of inner bark taken for fatigue.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128"
15265,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for firewood and lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15266,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,4,Fiber,170,Sporting Equipment,"Wood used to make handles, ball bats and butter paddles.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15267,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make butter paddles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15268,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood and lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15269,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,23,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make handles and ball bats.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
15270,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Trunks used to construct the medicine lodge for the Sun Dance ceremony.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
15271,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,20,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make Sundance lodges.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 20"
15272,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,31,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make posts for the Sun Dance lodge.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31"
15273,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,31,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Wood used to make tent poles, pegs and tipi pins.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31"
15274,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,31,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make racks for drying meat.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31"
15275,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
15276,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,31,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and arrows.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31"
15277,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,31,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31"
15278,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15279,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15280,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,108,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15281,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house and fence construction.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
15282,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make the oval frame for the cradleboard.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
15283,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
15284,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
15285,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood used for handles of various tools, such as hoes or axes.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
15286,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,235,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make the hoop for hoop and pole game.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235"
15287,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,125,Lakota,108,r80,52,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 52"
15288,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,125,Lakota,108,r80,52,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 52"
15289,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,376,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Compound containing inner bark used as a tonic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376"
15290,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,All ash wood quite valuable and used for basketry splints.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15291,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,All ash wood quite valuable and used for cradle boards.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15292,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,All ash wood quite valuable and used for snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15293,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,407,1,Food,,,"Cambium layer scraped down in long, fluffy layers and cooked. They say it tastes like eggs.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
15294,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,All ash wood quite valuable and used for bows and arrows.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15295,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,322,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant used in various rituals.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322"
15296,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15297,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15298,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15299,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15300,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,177,Omaha,17,g19,108,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15301,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15302,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15303,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,108,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15304,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15305,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15306,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15307,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15308,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,205,Ponca,17,g19,108,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15309,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,113,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Wood rings used for making woven wooden baskets.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 113"
15310,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,113,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used for making wooden spoons.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 113"
15311,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,238,Sioux,30,h92,20,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used as a part of sacred poles.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 20"
15312,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,238,Sioux,73,b05,12,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for bows.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12"
15313,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15314,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,108,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young stems used to make arrow shafts.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"
15315,1660,Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,108,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipe stems.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108"