id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
188,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
189,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
190,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
191,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
192,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, made into a drink.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
193,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,85,Candy,"Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, chewed.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
295,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Branches used as floor of sweathouse, after swimming to keep feet clean and when butchering a deer.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
296,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Heated branches used to make a warm bed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
297,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
298,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Cones sold for money.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
299,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for a long lasting fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
427,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
951,38,Achillea millefolium L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of flowers and roots taken as a blood purifier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
952,38,Achillea millefolium L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for poison ivy.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
2162,141,Allium cernuum Roth,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,5,Forage,Bulbs eaten by sheep and cattle.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
2163,141,Allium cernuum Roth,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used to flavor dried salmon heated with dried bread on an open fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
2380,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
2381,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Decoction of bark taken to 'sweat everything out.',"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
2382,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark taken for the body.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
2383,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,5,Dye,,,Used for buckskin dye.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
3030,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
3031,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stems of the young plant used for arrows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
3419,258,Angelica arguta Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,86,Spice,Young stems eaten and used to flavor salmon heated with dried bread over an open fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
3420,258,Angelica arguta Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young stems, with a celery flavor, eaten in May.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
3855,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stems used to make bridle ropes, bowstrings and thread for sewing baskets and buckskin.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
3856,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,"Stems used to make bridle ropes, bowstrings and thread for sewing baskets and buckskin.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
4654,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,62,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves roasted until dry, mashed and mixed with tobacco.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62"
4772,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,66,1,Food,,,Roasted roots used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66"
4930,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used for sore eyes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5005,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,6Decoction of plants taken for colds.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5006,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of plants taken for coughs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5007,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of steamed branches applied to bruises and sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5008,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plants taken as a medicine for everything.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5009,388,Artemisia campestris L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5181,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant used by women at childbirth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5182,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a bath for tiredness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5183,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to keep away sickness and germs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5184,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned to keep away mosquitos.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5294,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned to keep away mosquitos.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5786,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plants inhaled for a bad cold.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5787,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Plant used to fumigate the house and keep germs off.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
5788,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used to fumigate the house and keep germs off.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
6442,459,Aster sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a wash for pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
6587,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,58,Protection,Used to cover berry baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
6743,521,Aulacomnium sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Moss mixed with clay and used between the logs of a log house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
6744,521,Aulacomnium sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Moss mixed with house plant dirt as a fertilizer to make the plants healthier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
6934,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for poison ivy and running sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
6935,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,1,Food,,,Roots steamed and eaten.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
7271,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant used for pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
7272,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Gray colored bark used to make baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
7741,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by cattle and sheep.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
7742,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,,,Roots eaten either raw or cooked.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
8453,778,Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,69,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Decoction of roots, stems and leaves used for weak or sore eyes.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69"
8706,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for the flu.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
8707,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Smoke from plant used to kill bedbugs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
9307,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used in bouquets with roses.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
9430,894,Chenopodium album L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Leaves boiled with butter, salt and pepper and used for greens.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
9855,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
10025,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root used for the stomach and body.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
10026,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,1,Food,,,Young roots roasted and eaten.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
11128,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for weak kidneys.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11129,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant used for children for bedwetting.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11130,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Plant used for children for bedwetting.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11131,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11132,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,83,Preservative,Used with narrow leaf cottonwood to smoke salmon.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11133,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,86,Spice,"Scraped wood, tasted like salt, used for barbecuing meat.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11134,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Sticks used to skewer a salmon flat for proper drying.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11135,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Scraped bark used with tobacco.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
11285,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
11374,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,66,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66"
12300,1254,Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz ex Walp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used with roses and scattered by small girls in the Corpus Christi ceremony in the church.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
12490,1297,Dicranum sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Moss mixed with clay and used between the logs of a log house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
12491,1297,Dicranum sp.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Moss mixed with house plant dirt as a fertilizer to make the plants healthier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
13333,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,17,Tools,Used as a file.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
14350,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Roots dried for winter use.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
15023,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,66,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66"
15123,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of bark taken as a laxative.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
15345,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,,,Roasted roots and stems used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
15382,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,,,Root used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
15383,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used to make a bouquet.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
15492,1684,Galium boreale L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
16925,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of roots taken for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
16926,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Infusion of roots taken to kill all the internal germs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
16927,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of roots taken for the bladder.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
16928,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,,,Young stems eaten raw.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
16929,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to cover a basket of berries.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
17062,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves and roots taken for diarrhea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
17063,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves and roots used as a wash for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
18507,2054,Juniperus communis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Used in the sweathouse.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
18508,2054,Juniperus communis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of stems and needles taken for any sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19025,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Used in the sweathouse.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19026,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a steam bath for the flu.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19027,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of stems and needles taken for any sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19028,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19029,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used to keep earwigs and bedbugs out of the house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
19849,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion or decoction of leaves taken for poison ivy.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
19850,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,62,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Decoction of plants used for blindness, sore eyes and poison ivy.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62"
19851,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,62,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves mixed with tea or mint.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62"
19965,2147,Lesquerella douglasii S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed plants applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
19966,2147,Lesquerella douglasii S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Plant used to produce sweating.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
20052,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,65,1,Food,,,Roots cooked with service berries.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
20276,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,,,Roasted roots used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
20624,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
20625,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Decoction of plant used as a bath to 'clean the germs off the body.',"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
20802,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed roots or decoction of mashed roots applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
20803,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,1,Food,,,Root of the young plant roasted and eaten.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
20965,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,1,Food,86,Spice,Roots used to flavor dried salmon heated with dried bread over an open fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
20966,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,1,Food,,,Roots roasted and eaten.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
21486,2320,Lycopodium annotinum L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Moss mixed with clay and used between the logs of a log house.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
21487,2320,Lycopodium annotinum L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Moss mixed with house plant dirt as a fertilizer to make the plants healthier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
21670,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
21671,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
21672,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
21673,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Cold infusion of roots taken for any sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
22015,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a blood tonic.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
22016,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
22125,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of roots taken as a blood purifier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
22522,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Dried plants used for colds.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
22523,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Dried plants used for the heart.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
22540,2428,Medicago sativa L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used for horse feed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
22763,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used in tea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
23803,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,69,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Plant used for the bladder.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69"
23804,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,69,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Mixed with kinnikinnick and red willow and smoked at ceremonies.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69"
24118,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of mashed roots applied for sore back pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24119,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of mashed roots applied for rheumatism.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24120,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of mashed roots taken for sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24121,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of mashed roots applied for sore back pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
24658,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of heated quills applied to cuts, sores and boils.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
24659,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of heated quills applied to swollen throats.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
24660,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,60,1,Food,,,Stems used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60"
25896,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,69,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Plant used for the bladder.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69"
26268,2859,Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holz.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of plant taken for a bad cold.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
26398,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used for fish spears and snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
26399,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for fish spears and snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
26400,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,3,Other,106,Soap,Bark soaked in warm water and used for washing the face.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
26431,2879,Phleum pratense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
26989,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
26990,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
26991,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
26992,2934,Picea glauca (Moench) Voss,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27456,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of inner bark taken for coughs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27457,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of inner bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27458,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27915,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Bark used for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
27916,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,51,1,Food,,,Cones used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51"
28034,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used to remove underarm odors.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28035,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28036,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28037,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used in the sweathouse to hit oneself at the hottest point.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28038,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used as fuel because it cooled quickly and enemies cannot tell how long ago camp was broken.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28039,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Wood used for smoking buckskin.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
28476,3001,Plantago major L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed plants applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
28477,3001,Plantago major L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Leaf rubbed on the body to produce sweating.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
28537,3010,Platanthera dilatata var. dilatata,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
29331,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pitch applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
29332,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
29333,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Wood used for smoking buckskin.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
29658,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Branches used by boys to make whistles.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
29930,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
30404,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basket trim.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30405,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Cherries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30955,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Boiled roots used to make beer.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30956,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried berries used to make wine.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30957,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
30958,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,3,Other,26,Paint,Berries mixed with bear grease and used to make paint for painting pictographs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
31197,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,52,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used as a sugar like food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52"
31496,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for bedding in camp.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
31497,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,49,3,Other,58,Protection,Used to cover berry baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49"
33519,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
33571,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Berries used for health and strength.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
33572,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
34074,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,27,Beverage,Stems and flowers used to make tea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34075,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,3,Other,58,Protection,Branches broken and left in the house after removal of corpse to keep the disease in the body.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34345,3441,Rubus arcticus ssp. acaulis (Michx.) Focke,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Leaves used for diarrhea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34570,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34643,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34856,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
34857,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,3,Other,32,Containers,"Leaves used to cover huckleberries, to prevent them from spilling over when they fall.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
35144,3476,Rudbeckia hirta L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used for sore eyes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
36072,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,1,Food,83,Preservative,Wood used to smoke salmon.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
36073,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Inner bark headbands used by pubescent girls and young men, in ritual isolation and training.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
36074,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,68,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Tough, bark strips poked through the roots of dog tooth violet, to hang them for drying.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68"
37419,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,54,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Used for weaving entrance covers, curtains, windbreaks and for drying salmon.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
37880,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of plants taken by young men in training to purge themselves.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37881,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of berries taken for stomach.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37884,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,27,Beverage,Canned berry juice used as a beverage during haying time.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37885,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Berries canned with sugar, mixed with equal amount of water and whipped into a foam; whipped cream.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
37886,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with timber grass, dried, water added and beaten to a foam.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
38143,3703,Sium suave Walt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,2,Drug,13,Poison,White flowers considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
38144,3703,Sium suave Walt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,57,1,Food,,,"Crispy, delicious roots eaten raw or steamed.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 57"
38405,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,59,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant used as a bath for the mother at childbirth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59"
38725,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots and leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
38726,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,67,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots and leaves taken for the stomach.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67"
39129,3853,Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of berries used as a wash for sore and tired eyes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
39130,3853,Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Stems used to make pipe stems.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
40241,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Root shaves woven into baskets.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40242,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Root sold at annual tribal gathering.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40243,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark made into a headband and worn by pubescent girls and young men in ritual isolation.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40244,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Bark used to make necklaces and belts worn by dancers at tribal gatherings.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
40624,4011,Trifolium pratense L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,64,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used with timothy as a good feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
41075,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,53,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 53"
41373,4049,Typha latifolia L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cotton used for pillows and mattresses.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
41374,4049,Typha latifolia L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Used to make mats for bedding, drying berries and for meal times.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
41375,4049,Typha latifolia L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Used to make mats for bedding, drying berries and for meal times.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
41729,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41730,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41731,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41732,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41733,4058,Urtica dioica L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41910,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41911,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41912,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41913,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Decoction of stems and roots used as a sweatbath for rheumatism pain.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41914,4062,Urtica urens L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,70,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used for bathing and drinking.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 70"
41997,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42076,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42206,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,63,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63"
42738,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used to make hair grow on a bald head.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
42739,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
43136,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
43137,4134,Viburnum opulus L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,61,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jelly.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61"
44604,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied to sore legs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
44605,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,55,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"