id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
415,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,15,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to made acorn paddles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
464,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit used to play with.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
492,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,15,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to made acorn paddles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
536,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark fibers used to make women's skirts.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1006,41,Achillea millefolium var. californica (Pollard) Jepson,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Used to wash or steam aching, sore eyes.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1528,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,105,Karok,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the designs in baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1537,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,266,Tolowa,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dried, stored stems soaked in water and used for the designs in baskets.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
1538,68,Adiantum aleuticum (Rupr.) Paris,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the designs in baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
2514,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,105,Karok,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2515,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,105,Karok,70,b81,16,3,Other,17,Tools,Water soaked stems used for lashing in the sweat house.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2592,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,16,5,Dye,,,Bark used to dye fibers.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2593,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2595,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,16,5,Dye,,,Bark used to dye fibers.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2596,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,16,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
3949,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,1,Food,,,Sweet nectaries inside the sepal spurs bitten off and savored mostly by the younger people.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
3990,316,Aralia californica S. Wats.,105,Karok,70,b81,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots used as a soak for arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4191,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4192,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,,,"Wood used for carving, will not split when dry.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4195,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4198,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Berries used as bait for steelhead.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4199,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,17,3,Other,17,Tools,Leaves used to test the temperature of pitch used in canoe construction. The pitch was ready to use when the leaf turned black.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4232,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark sewn together to make an 'every day dress.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4233,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4234,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,17,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Berries used to make necklaces.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4241,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Bark used by children as sleds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4242,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,17,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4419,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,105,Karok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Leaves used for diarrhea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4420,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,105,Karok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Plant used for poisoning from Toxicodendron diversiloba.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4421,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,105,Karok,70,b81,18,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries pulverized and made into a drink.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4424,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,105,Karok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4432,338,Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4690,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4691,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4704,330,Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.)  [canescens ? viscida],266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4705,331,Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida],289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4908,376,Armillaria ponderosa (PK.) Sacc.,105,Karok,70,b81,18,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4909,376,Armillaria ponderosa (PK.) Sacc.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5060,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,105,Karok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of leaves applied for rheumatism and arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5061,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,105,Karok,70,b81,18,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Shoots used with drying salmon to keep 'salmon beetles' away.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5086,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Infusion of fresh leaves taken by children for 'pin worms.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5087,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh leaves used as a liniment.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5088,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of fresh leaves used for arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5089,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Fresh leaves used as a steamed herb for fractures.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5090,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,18,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of fresh leaves taken by children for 'pin worms.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5102,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Infusion of fresh leaves taken by children for 'pin worms.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5103,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fresh leaves used as a liniment.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5104,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of fresh leaves used for arthritis.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5105,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Fresh leaves used as a steamed herb for fractures.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5106,394,Artemisia douglasiana Bess.,289,Yurok,70,b81,18,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of fresh leaves taken by children for 'pin worms.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
6066,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,19,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Poultice of leaves applied for any infections.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"
6067,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,19,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaves used to keep a newborn baby's navel from becoming infected. A large snail's body was taken from the shell, smashed and put inside a leaf.  The preparation was steamed and then held over the umbilical cord with twine.  The umbilical cord would fall off and the hole would heal.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"
6068,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,19,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Leaves used to keep a newborn baby's navel from becoming infected. A large snail's body was taken from the shell, smashed and put inside a leaf.  The preparation was steamed and then held over the umbilical cord with twine.  The umbilical cord would fall off and the hole would heal.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"
6082,426,Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson,105,Karok,70,b81,19,1,Food,85,Candy,"Latex boiled, condensed and chewed.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"
6084,426,Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson,289,Yurok,70,b81,19,1,Food,85,Candy,Dried latex chewed by the older people at their leisure.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19"
6573,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,105,Karok,70,b81,20,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to clean eel's blood from butchered eel.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
6832,545,Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,20,1,Food,,,Peduncles used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
7382,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
7400,603,Boschniakia strobilacea Gray,105,Karok,70,b81,20,1,Food,,,Eaten when young.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
7401,603,Boschniakia strobilacea Gray,289,Yurok,70,b81,20,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
7571,630,Brodiaea elegans Hoover,289,Yurok,70,b81,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs baked in sand with a fire built over them.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
7861,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,21,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs used for food. Bulbs were dug up with a stick and placed in a pit two feet in diameter.  Leaves of Vitis californica were placed on the bottom, a layer of bulbs and then another layer of Vitis californica leaves.  Finally a layer of dirt was added and a fire built on top.  The mush formed was pure white and eaten by itself.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
7998,728,Cardamine californica var. californica,289,Yurok,70,b81,27,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,First plant to flower in the spring.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
8656,813,Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn.,105,Karok,70,b81,22,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,New shoots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
9072,859,Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruits used by children to throw at each other.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9592,914,Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br. ex D. Don) Spreng.,105,Karok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for female troubles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9593,914,Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br. ex D. Don) Spreng.,105,Karok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for kidney and bladder troubles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9594,914,Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br. ex D. Don) Spreng.,105,Karok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for kidney and bladder troubles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9687,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for various aches and pains and to relax the muscles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9688,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,289,Yurok,70,b81,23,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Leaves used for kidney ailments.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 23"
9761,928,Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla,105,Karok,70,b81,24,1,Food,,,'Nuts' roasted in coals and eaten.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
9771,928,Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla,266,Tolowa,70,b81,24,1,Food,,,"'Nuts' shaken out of the dried fruits, rolled over hot coals and eaten.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
9772,928,Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla,289,Yurok,70,b81,24,1,Food,,,'Nuts' used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
10142,1004,Claytonia parviflora Dougl. ex Hook.,105,Karok,70,b81,24,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Shoot used to play a game. The stem was stripped of it's outer layers leaving only the terminal leaf or inflorescence hanging loosely on a flexible strand.  Opponents held firmly to the base of the strand and attempted to hook the opponents leaf or inflorescence.  After engaging, the opponents pulled and the opponent who retained his leaf or inflorescence won.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
10152,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Shoot used to play a game. The stem was stripped of it's outer layers leaving only the terminal leaf or inflorescence hanging loosely on a flexible strand.  Opponents held firmly to the base of the strand and attempted to hook the opponents leaf or inflorescence.  After engaging, the opponents pulled and the opponent who retained his leaf or inflorescence won.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
10173,1007,Claytonia sibirica L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,1,Food,,,Shoot tops eaten raw.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
10367,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,105,Karok,70,b81,54,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for the kidneys.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 54"
10368,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,105,Karok,70,b81,54,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken as an aphrodisiac.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 54"
10389,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,266,Tolowa,70,b81,54,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh leaves used to make a refreshing tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 54"
10390,1029,Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze,289,Yurok,70,b81,54,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for the blood.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 54"
11266,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,105,Karok,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11267,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,105,Karok,70,b81,25,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11296,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,266,Tolowa,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Dried shoots soaked in water and used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11297,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,266,Tolowa,70,b81,25,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Nuts dried and stored for winter use.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11298,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,266,Tolowa,70,b81,25,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11300,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
11301,1112,Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,289,Yurok,70,b81,25,1,Food,,,Nuts eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
12041,1232,Darlingtonia californica Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,27,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant ate insects.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12466,1292,Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum,105,Karok,70,b81,27,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12482,1293,Dichelostemma ida-maia (Wood) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,27,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used for bouquets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12485,1294,Dichelostemma multiflorum (Benth.) Heller,105,Karok,70,b81,27,1,Food,,,Raw bulbs used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
12681,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,105,Karok,70,b81,28,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to clean eels.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
12685,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,289,Yurok,70,b81,28,1,Food,131,Cooking Agent,Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
12686,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,289,Yurok,70,b81,28,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to clean meats and to lay over meat to keep the flies off.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
12687,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,289,Yurok,70,b81,28,3,Other,167,Designs,Spores used to make designs on hands.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
13434,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,105,Karok,70,b81,29,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Stems used to sandpaper madrone spoons.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
13539,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,266,Tolowa,70,b81,29,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Stem rubbed on child's teeth to keep them from gritting their teeth.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
13540,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,266,Tolowa,70,b81,29,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Stem rubbed on child's teeth to keep them from gritting their teeth.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
13541,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,289,Yurok,70,b81,29,1,Food,,,"Very small, fresh sprouts used for food.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
13874,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,105,Karok,70,b81,30,1,Food,27,Beverage,Decoction of leaves and Pinus lambertiana pitch or leaves chewed and water taken as soothing drink.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
13911,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,30,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for colds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
13912,1488,Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,30,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for coughs.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
14096,1521,Eriogonum nudum var. oblongifolium S. Wats.,105,Karok,70,b81,30,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots used for abdominal ailments.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
14097,1521,Eriogonum nudum var. oblongifolium S. Wats.,105,Karok,70,b81,30,1,Food,,,Young shoots used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 30"
14854,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
14855,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
14943,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,105,Karok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
14956,1639,Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
15138,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,266,Tolowa,70,b81,50,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Bark used as a laxative.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
15143,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,289,Yurok,70,b81,50,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of bark or bark chewed as a laxative.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
15703,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
15704,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,31,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
16953,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,32,1,Food,,,Stem inner layers eaten raw.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
16961,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,32,1,Food,,,Stem inner layers eaten raw.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
16988,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,105,Karok,70,b81,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
16996,1860,Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roemer,289,Yurok,70,b81,32,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten by children.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32"
18019,2009,Iris innominata Henderson,266,Tolowa,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Roots and leaves used to make cordage.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18060,2014,Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Lenz,266,Tolowa,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make cordage.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18359,2042,Juncus effusus L.,105,Karok,70,b81,33,2,Drug,,,Stems and leaves placed in the fire and the medicine man prayed over it.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18360,2042,Juncus effusus L.,105,Karok,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18368,2042,Juncus effusus L.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18369,2042,Juncus effusus L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,33,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used by young females to practice making baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
18567,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,34,3,Other,38,Decorations,Dried berries used to decorate dresses.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
18568,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,34,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Dried berries used for beads to make necklaces.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
18569,2055,Juniperus communis var. montana Ait.,289,Yurok,70,b81,34,3,Other,38,Decorations,Dried berries used to decorate dresses.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19756,2124,Ledum glandulosum Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves simmered to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19757,2124,Ledum glandulosum Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,34,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves simmered to make a most prized tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19987,2153,Letharia vulpina,105,Karok,70,b81,34,5,Dye,,,Used as a dye for porcupine quills.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
19989,2153,Letharia vulpina,289,Yurok,70,b81,34,5,Dye,,,Used as a dye for porcupine quills.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
20194,2175,Ligusticum californicum Coult. & Rose,266,Tolowa,70,b81,34,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
20317,2190,Lilium rubescens S. Wats.,105,Karok,70,b81,34,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used for bouquets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34"
20503,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,105,Karok,70,b81,35,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Acorn paste made into patties and baked in hot coals. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20504,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,105,Karok,70,b81,35,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Acorn flour used to make paste and gruel and flavored with venison and herbs. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20507,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,105,Karok,70,b81,35,1,Food,75,Staple,"Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20508,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,105,Karok,70,b81,35,1,Food,75,Staple,"Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20509,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,105,Karok,70,b81,35,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Acorn flour stored in large storage baskets. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit.  Certain villages had certain fruit crops.  Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them.  While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed.  When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place.  It was then leached in sand with cold water.  The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways.  A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets.  Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling.  The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.'  The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape.  Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells.  The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat.  Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc.  The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals.  Flour was stored in large storage baskets.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20536,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,35,5,Dye,,,Bark used to dye baskets and fishing nets so the fish could not see them.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20537,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,35,1,Food,75,Staple,Acorns considered the main staple.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20541,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Acorn mush taken by old people on their death bed to survive the day.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20542,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Acorns used to make dough.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20543,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,1,Food,56,Soup,Acorns used to make soup.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20544,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,1,Food,75,Staple,Acorns considered the main staple.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20545,2212,Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.,289,Yurok,70,b81,35,1,Food,75,Staple,Acorns leached and ground into flour.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
20730,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,105,Karok,70,b81,37,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Root chewed and smoked in the pipe.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
20746,2232,Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,289,Yurok,70,b81,37,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Thrown into the fire at ceremonies.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
21217,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,37,2,Drug,13,Poison,"'Not good to eat, poison.'","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37"
21685,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21686,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,2,Drug,18,Other,Roots used in a steam for stroke.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21687,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,1,Food,,,Root centers eaten after boiling eight times.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21688,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21689,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21693,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in a steam for arthritis and lumbago.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21694,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Roots used in a steam for stroke.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21695,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,1,Food,,,Root centers eaten after boiling eight times.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21696,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a vessel to drive water from streams.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21697,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21826,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,38,2,Drug,18,Other,"Fruits, if eaten, caused diarrhea.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21879,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,38,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21975,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,105,Karok,70,b81,38,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Root used in a tonic.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
21976,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,105,Karok,70,b81,38,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
22017,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Roots used in a concoction for blood purification.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
22018,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,266,Tolowa,70,b81,38,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Roots used in a concoction for coughs.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
22396,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,105,Karok,70,b81,39,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots applied to bruises and boils.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
22408,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young shoots and Polypodium rhizomes used to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
22409,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit tossed by children at one another in play.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
22410,2415,Marah oreganus (Torr. ex S. Wats.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,39,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit used by children to construct representations of animals by inserting twigs.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
23909,2584,Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf,266,Tolowa,70,b81,41,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves smoked for leisure.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
24127,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,266,Tolowa,70,b81,41,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
24235,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,266,Tolowa,70,b81,41,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food. This was called the 'wood that lies' because it was the first to bloom in the spring and the last to set fruit.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41"
25160,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant applied to swollen areas on the skin.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
25161,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,42,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant applied to sores.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
25162,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,42,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Poultice of plant applied to draw out infections.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
25163,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,42,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with dried fish.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
25164,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,42,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with dried fish.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
25956,2825,Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis,289,Yurok,70,b81,45,3,Other,167,Designs,Spores used by children to make a design on their hands.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
26217,2842,Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,42,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves placed in hot water and used for arthritic joints.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 42"
26778,2927,Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze,266,Tolowa,70,b81,43,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Seeds squeezed and popped.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
27277,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,43,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make the horizontal weave in coarse baskets used for drying foods in the smoke house.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43"
27485,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,44,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches rubbed on the hunters' bodies to hide the human scent.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
27753,2964,Pinus lambertiana Dougl.,105,Karok,70,b81,44,1,Food,,,"Roasted seeds used for food. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt.  A fire was built on top.  After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds.  Some were stored over winter.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
27755,2964,Pinus lambertiana Dougl.,105,Karok,70,b81,44,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Roasted seeds stored for winter use. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt.  A fire was built on top.  After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds.  Some were stored over winter.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
27757,2964,Pinus lambertiana Dougl.,105,Karok,70,b81,44,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Seeds used as beads in jewelry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44"
27959,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,105,Karok,70,b81,45,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bigger roots used for basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
28367,2997,Plantago australis ssp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn,266,Tolowa,70,b81,45,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to cuts and boils.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
28368,2997,Plantago australis ssp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn,289,Yurok,70,b81,45,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of steamed leaves applied to boils.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
28480,3001,Plantago major L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of steamed leaves applied to boils.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
28978,3075,Polypodium californicum Kaulfuss,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Rhizomes used as an 'antibiotic' for infections.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
29153,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,289,Yurok,70,b81,46,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used for bedding.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
29352,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,289,Yurok,70,b81,47,2,Drug,,,Decoction of shoot tips used for medicine.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
29353,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,289,Yurok,70,b81,47,3,Other,17,Tools,Pitch used to apply soot in the tattooing process.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
29714,3110,Porphyra lanceolata (Setchell) G. M. Smith,266,Tolowa,70,b81,47,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
29715,3110,Porphyra lanceolata (Setchell) G. M. Smith,289,Yurok,70,b81,47,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47"
30972,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31166,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,105,Karok,70,b81,48,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of young sprouts used for colds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31167,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,105,Karok,70,b81,48,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young sprouts used to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31229,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young sprouts used to make tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31230,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,1,Food,85,Candy,Young sprouts used to chew.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31521,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,105,Karok,70,b81,48,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to clean eels and salmon.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31546,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,266,Tolowa,70,b81,48,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Poultice of pulverized leaves applied for Toxicodendron poisoning.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31547,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used in layers to dry food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31548,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,289,Yurok,70,b81,48,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Fronds used as plates to serve fish, to put over fish to keep the flies off and to clean fish.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
31943,3255,Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.,105,Karok,70,b81,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit buried from one to four years to kill the bugs and worms and used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
32192,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,105,Karok,70,b81,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit soaked in mud for a year and used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
32236,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,266,Tolowa,70,b81,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
32241,3270,Quercus kelloggii Newberry,289,Yurok,70,b81,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
32662,3303,Ranunculus californicus Benth.,105,Karok,70,b81,49,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Stems split and sucked on to make sounds.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49"
33448,3365,Ribes cruentum Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruits used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
33627,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,266,Tolowa,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruits used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
33646,3384,Ribes nevadense Kellogg,266,Tolowa,70,b81,50,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves placed between seaweed patties to keep them from sticking and flavors the patties.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
33688,3391,Ribes roezlii Regel,105,Karok,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
33693,3391,Ribes roezlii Regel,289,Yurok,70,b81,50,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 50"
33844,3412,Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek,105,Karok,70,b81,51,1,Food,,,Young plants boiled and eaten.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
34141,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,2,Drug,,,Fruit used to make a medicinal tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
34607,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,105,Karok,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
34656,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
34876,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
35043,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
35044,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,51,1,Food,,,Young sprouts eaten with seaweed and dried eels.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
35045,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,289,Yurok,70,b81,51,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51"
35114,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,105,Karok,70,b81,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
35122,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,289,Yurok,70,b81,52,1,Food,27,Beverage,Young shoots boiled with other vine shoots into a tea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
35123,3474,Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht.,289,Yurok,70,b81,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 52"
35796,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used for the main ribs in baskets as an alternate for Corylus stems.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
35837,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used in basketry.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36075,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36079,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36108,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36109,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36624,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36625,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36919,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
36920,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,289,Yurok,70,b81,53,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53"
37742,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building materials.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37743,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37744,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for building materials.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37745,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
37746,3654,Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.,289,Yurok,70,b81,55,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Wood used to make canoes and traded to the Karok.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55"
39480,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken as a 'blood medicine.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39482,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Leaves used to sew sacks.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39483,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten one at a time.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39486,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39489,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,57,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make various tools.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39566,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,57,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Wood used to make pipes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39569,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,57,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of bark taken to 'purify the blood.',"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
39570,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,57,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57"
40444,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,58,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40445,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,58,1,Food,85,Candy,"Plant chewed like tobacco, 'just to raise heck.'","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40447,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,105,Karok,70,b81,58,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used to prop salmon filet open.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40460,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,266,Tolowa,70,b81,58,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Buds eaten in the spring to obtain immunity from the plant poisons.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40461,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,266,Tolowa,70,b81,58,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40464,3972,Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene,289,Yurok,70,b81,58,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58"
40690,4018,Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) T.J. Howell,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of bulb scrapings applied to burns.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41403,4049,Typha latifolia L.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves woven together to make raincoats.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41418,4049,Typha latifolia L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves woven together to make raincoats.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41419,4049,Typha latifolia L.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves woven together to make a mat.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41623,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,59,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of ground seeds applied to sores.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41628,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,59,1,Food,,,"Seeds shelled, roasted and eaten.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41630,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,59,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Foliage placed on fire during the Brush Dance to drive evil spirits away.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41664,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit shelled, roasted and eaten.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41672,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41673,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41674,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,1,Food,,,Seeds baked in the sand under a fire and used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41675,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,"Leaves burned, to take bad luck away, in the house or the smoke waved over people as they leave.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41676,4056,Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,59,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant put under the bed to rid it of fleas.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
41859,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,60,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of fresh, pounded leaves applied to skin inflammations.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 60"
42221,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,60,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 60"
42244,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,60,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and stored.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 60"
42245,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,60,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 60"
42358,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,61,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used as a broom.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42359,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,61,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and stored.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42360,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42361,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used as brooms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42362,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42374,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used as brooms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42375,4086,Vaccinium scoparium Leib. ex Coville,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42574,4100,Vancouveria chrysantha Greene,266,Tolowa,70,b81,61,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
42575,4101,Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Morr. & Dcne.,289,Yurok,70,b81,61,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Leaves eaten for coughs.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 61"
43250,4150,Viola adunca Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,62,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sore eyes.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43376,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,70,b81,62,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as basketry material for the basket bottoms.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43381,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,105,Karok,70,b81,62,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems used for lashings.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43396,4172,Vitis californica Benth.,289,Yurok,70,b81,62,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62"
43569,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,105,Karok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaf fiber used to make baskets. Fibers were pounded from the rachis and dyed with Alnus bark for use in basketry.  The fibers were then dried and coiled for storage.  They were soaked to unroll and used.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43571,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,266,Tolowa,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,,,"Leaves used to obtain fiber. The two fibers of each leaf were collected at the end of June or the first part of July.  The rachis was pounded and fibers fell out.  For designs, the fibers were dyed with Alnus bark.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43572,4195,Woodwardia fimbriata Sm.,289,Yurok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,,,Leaves used to obtain fiber. Fibers were harvested when leaves were fully grown and then dyed with alder bark.  The strands could be dyed by chewing in Alnus bark and running the fibers through the mouth or by pounding the bark in a mortar and pestle.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43719,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,105,Karok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"New sprouts used to make baskets, especially for designs.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
43733,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,289,Yurok,70,b81,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Small leaves used to make dresses. Plants were burned every year.  Leaves were harvested in the spring when they first began to grow out from their charred rhizome.  Prior to use, the leaves were soaked in water to make them pliable, but if left too long they turned green.","Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 63"
44582,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,105,Karok,70,b81,64,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 64"