id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
158,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Branches and pollen used in purification rites and ceremonies.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
159,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of pitch taken for coughs and tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
160,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch and grease eaten or rubbed on sores and boils.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
161,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of pitch taken as a tonic and laxative.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
162,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Pitch and catfish oil taken for constipation.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
163,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Root held in the mouth for gum boils and canker sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
164,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of bark taken as a tonic to stay young and strong.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
165,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of pitch taken or pitch rubbed on chest and back for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
495,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,275,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Sticky, bud gum and oil used as a hair tonic.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
496,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to carve masks.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
497,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to carve dishes and spoons.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
498,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to carve rattles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
852,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
853,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied to the chest for colds.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
854,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied or compound rubbed on sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
855,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to chest for hardened breasts after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
856,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism or general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
857,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Leaves used in a steambath for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
1583,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,3,Other,32,Containers,Used to line baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
1584,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used to cover berry drying racks.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
2134,141,Allium cernuum Roth,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,272,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of soaked bulbs applied to sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
2135,141,Allium cernuum Roth,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,272,1,Food,,,Bulbs cooked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
2519,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of bark applied to sores and aches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
2520,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Bark held in women's mouth for blood spitting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
2521,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of bark applied or infusion of bark rubbed on sores, aches and eczema.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
2522,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis and asthma.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
2523,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
2524,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken or bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
2525,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of bark, fresh sea wrack and black twinberry applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
2526,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,5,Dye,108,Black,Bark used to make a black dye.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
2527,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,5,Dye,150,Brown,Bark used to make a brown dye.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
2528,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,5,Dye,193,Orange,Bark used to make an orange dye.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
2529,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used to make a red dye.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
2530,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to carve masks.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
2531,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to carve dishes and spoons.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
2532,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,279,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls and large tubs for tribal feasts.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
2533,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fire when drying salal berry cakes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
2534,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to carve rattles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
2978,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,288,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
3263,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of flowers applied to sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
3264,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of flowers taken for internal disorders.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
3538,265,Angelica lucida L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Plant tied on halibut hooks as a good luck charm.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
4045,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,277,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,"Roasted, beaten, broken roots and grease taken for blood spitting.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277"
4046,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,277,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Roasted, beaten, broken roots and grease taken for coughing.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277"
4047,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,277,1,Food,,,"Roots roasted, broken into pieces, mixed with oulachen grease and used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277"
4593,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,282,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves smoked as a narcotic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
4594,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, mealy berries formerly used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
4780,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled roots and oil applied to sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
4781,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Root juice used as a wash for inflamed eyes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
4782,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,289,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots dried, steamed and eaten with oil at large feasts.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
4783,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,289,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Roots dried, steamed and eaten with oil at large feasts.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
5890,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,288,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Dried, soaked root held in the mouth for coughing.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
5892,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,288,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Root used as a love charm.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
6574,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,263,3,Other,32,Containers,Fronds used as covering for fungus placed on hot stones to make a red paint.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 263"
7372,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
7835,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,272,1,Food,,,Bulbs pit steamed and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
7866,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,272,1,Food,,,Bulbs pit steamed and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
8510,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,292,1,Food,,,Flower nectar formerly sucked by children.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
9103,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9104,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of branch tips used as a wash for sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9105,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9106,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Sharp boughs rubbed on sores and swellings until skin was broken.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9107,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9108,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound decoction of leaves applied to swelling on woman's kidney.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9109,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of branch tips taken for general illness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9110,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Bark ash and oil used as a lotion to give strength to the very ill.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9111,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Branches placed on top of burning sea wrack as part of a steam treatment for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
9112,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Branches placed on top of burning sea wrack as part of a steam treatment for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
9113,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9114,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make clothing.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
9115,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make chests.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9116,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
9117,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make dishes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9118,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
9297,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,"Poultice of seeds, down and oil applied to wound after cutting open the tumor.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
9298,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of seeds, down and oil applied to wound after cutting open the tumor.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
9842,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Cold, compound infusion of burned, pulverized bark taken for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
9843,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Poultice of soaked roots applied to the stomach as a purgative.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
9844,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots applied to draw out thorns and splinters.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
9845,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Root extract and grease taken to induce vomiting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
9846,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Roots smashed, steamed, peeled, powdered, mixed with oil and taken for any serious disease.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
9847,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
10012,971,Cirsium sp.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Dried outer root held in the mouth for cankers and gum sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
10562,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
10563,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plant used in steambath for general weakness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
10564,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
10565,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used in steambath for general weakness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
10845,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,281,1,Food,52,Fruit,Pulpy berries extensively used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 281"
11354,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,288,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
11355,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,288,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
12676,1332,Drosera rotundifolia L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,281,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Plant used for corns, warts and bunions.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 281"
12677,1332,Drosera rotundifolia L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,281,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,"Plant used as a 'medicine to make women love-crazy,' a love charm.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 281"
12692,1335,Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,1,Food,,,Rhizomes cooked in steaming pits and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
12693,1335,Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Thin, wiry roots used as the burning material in a 'slow match.'","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
13309,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,263,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of rough leaves and stems applied to cuts and sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 263"
13310,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Rough leaves and stems used for polishing canoes and other wooden articles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
13511,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,263,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of rough leaves and stems applied to cuts and sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 263"
13512,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Rough leaves and stems used for polishing canoes and other wooden articles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
14368,1566,Erythronium revolutum Sm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,272,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Bulbs sun dried, boiled, mixed with grease and eaten at large feasts.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
14369,1566,Erythronium revolutum Sm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,272,1,Food,,,"Bulbs eaten raw, baked or steamed.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
15100,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,288,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of dried bark taken for biliousness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
15101,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,288,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of dried bark taken as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
15344,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,217,"Salish, Coast",63,tb73,300,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 300"
15366,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,273,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Bulbs sun dried, steamed, covered with oil and eaten at feasts.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
15395,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice applied for aches and pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
15396,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants used to make a steambath for rheumatism and general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
15397,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Plants used to make a steambath for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
15398,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Fresh plants rubbed on legs and feet for locomotor ataxia.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
15526,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant rubbed on the skin for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
15638,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries mashed, dried over fire and resulting cakes used as a winter food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
15639,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,286,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries mashed with stink currant berries and eaten by chiefs and their wives.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
15640,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,1,Food,47,Special Food,Ripe berries dipped into oil and eaten fresh at feasts.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
15982,1750,Glaux maritima L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,288,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Boiled roots eaten to make one very sleepy.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
15983,1750,Glaux maritima L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,288,1,Food,,,"Fleshy roots boiled, dipped in oil and used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
16846,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, pounded roots and oil used as a hair ointment.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
16847,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Dried, pounded roots and oil rubbed on face and waist of girl at puberty.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
16848,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Dried, pounded roots and oil rubbed on face and waist of girl at puberty.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
16849,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,276,1,Food,,,Young stems and petioles peeled and eaten raw like celery.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
17317,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,288,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
17318,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,288,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
17353,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,216,Salish,63,tb73,288,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
17354,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,216,Salish,63,tb73,288,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
18484,2054,Juniperus communis L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound decoction of berries taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
18485,2054,Juniperus communis L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of wood and bark taken to purify the blood.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
18486,2054,Juniperus communis L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Decoction of wood and bark taken for short breath.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
19285,2073,Kalmia polifolia Wangenh.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves taken for blood spitting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
19288,2073,Kalmia polifolia Wangenh.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for open sores and wounds.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
19806,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Leaves considered narcotic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
19807,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,293,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Leaves used to make a hot, refreshing drink.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 293"
19808,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,283,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
20110,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,275,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
20111,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,275,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibrous leaves used to make hats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
20112,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,285,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used with skunk cabbage leaves to line steaming boxes for cooking lupine roots.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"
20987,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed seeds applied or chewed seeds blown on head for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20989,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of chewed seeds applied for colds.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20991,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Seeds sucked for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20992,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed seeds applied to carbuncles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20993,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Poultice of chewed seeds applied for stomachaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20994,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of seeds taken by pregnant women to insure an easy delivery.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20995,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Poultice of chewed seeds applied for swelling of a woman's breasts.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20996,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Compound with seeds used in a steambath for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20997,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Seeds used by hunters for protection.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20998,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Seeds eaten for constipation.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
20999,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of chewed seeds applied for backaches and swollen knees and feet.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
21000,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Compound with seeds used in a steambath for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
21002,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,276,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Seeds sucked for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276"
21171,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
21172,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Chewed leaves rubbed on sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
21174,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of bark, berries or leaves and grease applied to swellings or sores.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
21175,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of bark applied to women's breasts to make milk flow.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
21176,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
21178,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of bark used as a soak for sore feet and legs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
21179,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves or roots applied as poultice to swollen shoulders and feet.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
21180,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of bark and berries or leaves, fresh sea wrack and alder bark applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
21325,2293,Lupinus littoralis Dougl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,284,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Root ash rubbed into a newborn baby's cradle to make infant sleep well.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284"
21326,2293,Lupinus littoralis Dougl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,284,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Root ash rubbed into a newborn baby's cradle to make infant sleep well.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284"
21327,2293,Lupinus littoralis Dougl.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,284,1,Food,,,"Fleshy taproots eaten raw, boiled or steamed in spring. If eaten raw, these roots caused dizziness.  Therefore, they were usually eaten raw only before bedtime in the evening.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284"
21619,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Heated leaves used to draw out thorns and splinters.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21620,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of leaf, oil, down and Douglas fir bark applied to carbuncles.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
21621,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of steamed, mashed roots applied to swellings.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21622,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of washed, heated leaves applied to boils, carbuncles and sores.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21623,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pulverized root rubbed into a child's head to make his hair grow.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21624,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness or undefined sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21625,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,18,Other,Leaves used in a sweatbath for undefined sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21626,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Pulverized root rubbed into a child's head to make his hair grow.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21627,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21628,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to cover baskets of freshly picked berries.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21629,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,286,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to cover baskets of stink currants.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
21630,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used for drying salal berry cakes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
21631,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used for steam cooking salmon.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
21632,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,285,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used to wrap wild clover roots for baking, boiling and steaming.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"
21633,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,285,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used with green grass leaves to line steaming boxes for cooking lupine roots.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"
21756,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Blades weighted, placed underwater at river mouths and used to catch herring spawn.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
21833,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,279,1,Food,52,Fruit,Sour berries occasionally used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
21908,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,279,1,Food,52,Fruit,Sour berries occasionally used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279"
22051,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries occasionally eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
22230,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Shredded bark used for blood spitting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
22231,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Tree used for eczema or skin troubles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
22232,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,290,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruits boiled until soft and eaten with oil at large feasts.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
22233,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,290,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Fruits used as a common article of trade.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
22948,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of roots or leaves taken when sick to the stomach.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
22949,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of ground stem and roots taken for blood spitting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
22951,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,155,Dietary Aid,Decoction of roots or leaves taken to put on weight.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
22952,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots or leaves taken when sick to the stomach.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
22953,2462,Menyanthes trifoliata L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of roots or leaves taken to put on weight during the flu.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
22958,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed for heart pain.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
22959,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
22960,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Leaves chewed for stomach troubles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
22961,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Leaves chewed for heart pain.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
23396,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of chewed or pounded plant applied to pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
23397,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used to draw blisters.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
23398,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed or pounded plant applied to swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
23419,2520,Monotropa hypopithys L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,283,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used in a love potion.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
23701,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Leaves used for burns.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23702,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaves dried, pulverized and rubbed into children's heads to make hair grow long.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23703,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used for scabs and non-pigmented spots.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23704,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves used for swollen feet.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23705,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Leaves dried, pulverized and rubbed into children's heads to make hair grow long.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23706,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Tubes used in special pre-war rituals.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23707,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,3,Other,32,Containers,"Long, hollow stipes used to store oulachen grease and other oils.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23708,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Tubes put into steaming pits so that water could be poured directly on hot rocks at the bottom.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23709,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Blades weighted, placed underwater at river mouths and used to catch herring spawn.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
23945,2586,Nicotiana sp.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied or compound rubbed on sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
23946,2586,Nicotiana sp.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of leaves applied to sores, lumps and cuts.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
23947,2586,Nicotiana sp.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Leaves used in steambaths.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
23948,2586,Nicotiana sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,260,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of dried plant and fresh sea wrack, alder and black twinberry applied for aches and pains.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260"
24106,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of heated leaves applied or rhizome extract taken for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
24107,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Rhizomes used as a medicine for internal swellings or sickness in the bones.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
24108,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Rhizome extract taken for asthma and chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
24214,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poultice of chewed, burned plant and oil applied to sore places.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
24215,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of chewed, burned plant and oil applied to sore places.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
24216,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,289,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh with oil at family meals or large feasts.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
24217,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,289,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruits eaten fresh with oil at large feasts.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
24242,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,277,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Seeds and roots used as an emetic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277"
24485,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Bark used in a steambath for body pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24486,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for stomach pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24487,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Rotten stem ash and oil rubbed on swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24488,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for stomach pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24489,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Bark used in a steambath for body pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24490,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for constipation.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24491,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,13,Poison,Spines considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24492,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Bark extract taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24493,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Plant used for the magical powers.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24494,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,3,Other,58,Protection,Stem used as a protective charm.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
24948,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,277,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Seeds and roots used as an emetic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277"
24949,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,277,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant 'sure to kill' if eaten.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277"
26655,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,274,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Leaves placed in the bottom of child's cradle to make him grow strong.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 274"
26656,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,274,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Leaves placed in the bottom of child's cradle to make him grow strong.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 274"
26772,2927,Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Root extract used as a purgative.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
26773,2927,Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of bark taken to induce vomiting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
26774,2927,Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of bark taken for constipation.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
26775,2927,Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,289,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Root extract used for locomotor ataxia.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289"
27202,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Head struck with branches until it bled for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27203,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,264,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
27204,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots used for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27205,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Bud extract taken for coughs and colds.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27206,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Bud extract or pitch and grease taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27207,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pitch applied to boils, swellings, cuts and abrasions.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27208,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Branches in house of sick person to prevent anything unclean from entering.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27209,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound poultice of boiled root bark applied to woman's kidney swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27210,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,18,Other,Branch tips rubbed to cleanse person contaminated with menstrual blood.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27211,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27212,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
27213,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make hats.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27214,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Roots used to make hats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
27215,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make ropes.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27216,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make mats.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27217,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used for 'sewing wood.'","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27218,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,293,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch used as chewing gum.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 293"
27219,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Roots burned, dried, split and used as strings to tie nets, hooks and harpoons together.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27220,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make fish nets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27221,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,269,3,Other,185,Sacred Items,Branch tips used as sacred items.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27429,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of buds and pitch taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27430,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,269,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of buds and pitch taken for stomachaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269"
27431,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make fire tongs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
27432,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood used to make cedar bark peelers, digging sticks and board bending tools.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
27897,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Pitch used for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
27898,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch used for sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
27899,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Pitch used for stomachaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
27900,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Gum chewed by women for fertility and by girls to become pregnant without sex.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
28434,3001,Plantago major L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to draw blisters on sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
28558,3016,Platanthera stricta Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,275,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Compound with plant used as a love charm.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
28993,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound decoction of plants or roots taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
28994,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,264,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Roots sucked and juice swallowed for vomiting blood.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
28995,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,264,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Roots sucked and juice swallowed for vomiting blood.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
28996,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,Roots kept in the mouth to prevent hunger and thirst.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
28997,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Roots dried, steamed and eaten during famines.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
28998,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,1,Food,,,"Roots scorched, pounded, cut in bite size pieces, dipped in oil and chewed and sucked by old people.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
29109,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,265,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Boughs placed under bed of young girl to have as many children as plants.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265"
29110,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,265,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used as a charm to call the northwest wind.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265"
29111,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,265,1,Food,,,"Basal leaves and rhizomes steamed, peeled and used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265"
29112,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,265,3,Other,32,Containers,"Leaves used to line food storage boxes, berry picking baskets and berry drying racks.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265"
29113,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,265,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to line steaming pits.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265"
29300,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Buds and oil used as a hair tonic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
29301,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Buds rubbed on the skin to prevent sunburn.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
29302,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,292,1,Food,,,Cambium eaten in early spring.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
29724,3112,Porphyra sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,262,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Plants allowed to rot, shaped into cakes, sun dried and eaten with dried salmon at feasts.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 262"
29725,3112,Porphyra sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,262,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Mixed with water, beaten until frothy and white and eaten as a dessert.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 262"
29726,3112,Porphyra sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,262,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Plants sun dried, boiled with clams or creamed corn and eaten with large amounts of oulachen grease.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 262"
29727,3112,Porphyra sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,262,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Plants sun dried and eaten as a snack.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 262"
29728,3112,Porphyra sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,262,1,Food,,,"Strips lightly browned, pulverized, cooked and used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 262"
30351,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark ash rubbed on chest of baby as protection from rashes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30354,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of bark taken for eczema.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30356,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,251,Dietary Aid,Roots applied to the nipples of a mother to induce her infant to nurse.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30357,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of split roots taken for blood discharge.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30359,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of bark taken for heart trouble.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30361,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Bark ash rubbed on chest of baby as protection from mouth sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30364,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Roots held in the mouth by children with canker sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30365,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Bark ash rubbed on chest of baby as protection from rashes and mouth sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30370,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Roots applied to the nipples of a mother to induce her infant to nurse.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30371,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Roots held in the mouth by children with canker sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
30373,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,290,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
31172,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Cold, compound infusion of burned, pulverized bark taken for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
31173,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of bark, oil, down and skunk cabbage leaf applied to carbuncles.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
31174,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,,,Pitch used as a 'good medicine.',"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
31467,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,265,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes roasted, beaten until soft, broken into pieces and used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265"
33382,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,286,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw with large quantities of oil.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33383,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,286,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Fruits boiled, mixed with powdered skunk cabbage leaves, dried and eaten with oil in winter.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33592,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,286,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33615,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,286,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Roots used for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33616,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,286,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of roots and salt water applied to sores, blisters and carbuncles.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33617,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,286,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root ash and oil used as salve on boils.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33618,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,286,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Poultice of roots and salt water applied to mouth sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33619,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,286,1,Food,52,Fruit,Green berries occasionally eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33620,3378,Ribes lobbii Gray,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,286,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Berries boiled, cooled and eaten with oulachen oil at feasts.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
33731,3396,Ribes sp.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,264,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound decoction of berries taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
34072,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,216,Salish,63,tb73,290,1,Food,,,Hips used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290"
34808,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of leaves taken for vomiting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34809,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves taken for blood spitting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34810,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, powdered leaves applied to wounds.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34811,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Leaves used when a woman's period was unduly long.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34812,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Dried, powdered leaves eaten for internal disorders.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34813,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,291,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried in cakes and used as a winter food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34814,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,291,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34815,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves placed above and below seaweed in steaming pits.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
34980,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Powdered bark applied to burns.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34981,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Powdered bark applied to sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34982,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Chewed sprouts applied to the head of a child to make him grow.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34983,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,291,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits boiled, mashed, dried and used as a winter food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34984,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,291,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34985,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,291,1,Food,,,Young shoots eaten in spring.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
34986,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,264,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves placed above and below seaweed in steaming pits.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
35066,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,264,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound decoction of vines taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
35067,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of vines and roots taken for vomiting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
35068,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,291,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of vines and roots taken for blood spitting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291"
35203,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root extract used to wash sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
35204,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,287,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Boiled roots eaten and applied as poultice for stomachaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 287"
36206,3551,Salix sp.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,292,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bark used to make fishing line and reef nets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
36797,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,280,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Root extract taken to induce vomiting.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"
36798,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,280,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of bark used as steambath to relax body of woman after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"
36799,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,280,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Infusion of bark used as steambath to relax body of woman after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"
36800,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,280,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound infusion of bark used as a footbath for aching legs and feet.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"
36801,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,280,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries pit steamed, dried over fire into cakes and eaten at noon.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"
36802,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,261,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stems hollowed and used as blowguns by children.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261"
37434,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,272,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Grass and oil used on child's head to make the hair grow long and thick.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
37435,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,272,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Grass and oil used on child's head to make the hair grow long and thick.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
37436,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
37437,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,272,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
37438,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,272,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves used to make hats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272"
37851,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,282,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries whipped until white and frothy and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282"
39057,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,280,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Burned berries and oil rubbed on inflamed eyes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"
39058,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,280,3,Other,17,Tools,Branch tips ignited and used for cauterizing.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280"
39497,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
39498,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
39499,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,3,Other,17,Tools,Trees used to measure strength. Men who could twist a yew tree from crown to butt were considered very strong.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
39500,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,285,3,Other,17,Tools,Used to make curved digging sticks for prying wild clover roots.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"
39501,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,267,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used as a barklifter to peel red cedar bark off the trees.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267"
39502,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,271,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make fire tongs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
40041,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of inner bark applied to carbuncles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40042,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Shredded bark used to cauterize sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40043,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Sticks broken in front of the eye for sties.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40044,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Shredded bark used to cauterize sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40045,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of leaves applied to sore backs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40052,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40053,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Long, straight branches used for weaving baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40054,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots and bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
40055,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots washed, scorched over a fire, skinned, split in two, scraped and used to make baskets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40056,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Shredded bark used for paint brushes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40057,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Long, straight branches used to make nets for tying wall boards onto house frames.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40058,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood steamed for flexibility and malleability and used to make canoes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40059,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibrous bark used to make hats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40060,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make clothing.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
40061,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Roots and bark used to make hats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
40062,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Roots washed, scorched over a fire, skinned, split in two, scraped and used to make hats.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40063,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Shredded bark used for diapers.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40064,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibrous bark used to make twine and ropes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40065,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40066,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
40067,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,298,Other,"Shredded bark used for napkins, towels and bandages.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40068,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Long, straight branches used for 'sewing wood.'","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40069,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,293,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch used as chewing gum.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 293"
40070,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood steamed for flexibility and malleability and used to make boxes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40071,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Boughs used in drying seaweed for eating.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40072,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel and making friction fires.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40073,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Boughs weighted, placed underwater at estuaries and used for catching herring spawn.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40074,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fibrous bark used to make fish nets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40075,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,266,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Long, straight branches used to make fishing line.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
40667,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,285,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Thin, wiry roots dried, steamed or boiled, dipped in oil and eaten as vegetables.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"
41010,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,264,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Compound decoction of plants or bark taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264"
41011,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Cold infusion of scraped, pounded bark applied to burns.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
41012,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Cold infusion of scraped, pounded bark applied to sores.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
41013,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Moxa of twigs used to cauterize warts and moles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
41014,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of boughs used as a wash for upper lids of inflamed eyes.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
41015,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Hemlock used as wash & tree tips prayed to by pregnant women to aid delivery.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
41016,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,270,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Branches rubbed on hunters and fishermen to purify them.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270"
41017,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to carve masks.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
41018,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to carve dishes and spoons.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
41019,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to carve rattles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
41096,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Bark used in ritual to make children as light-skinned as the inner bark.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
41097,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark used in ritual to make children as light-skinned as the inner bark.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
41098,4044,Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,271,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Bark used in ritual to make children as light-skinned as the inner bark.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271"
41247,4049,Typha latifolia L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,275,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
41285,4049,Typha latifolia L.,163,Nimpkish,63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make clothing.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
41286,4049,Typha latifolia L.,163,Nimpkish,63,tb73,296,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
41692,4058,Urtica dioica L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant rubbed on the skin for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41693,4058,Urtica dioica L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant juice rubbed into the scalp to prevent hair from falling out.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41694,4058,Urtica dioica L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Plant juice taken by overdue, pregnant women.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41695,4058,Urtica dioica L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,18,Other,Moxa of plant fiber used to cauterize the skin for various ailments.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41696,4058,Urtica dioica L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,292,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Plant used for locomotor ataxia.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41697,4058,Urtica dioica L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,297,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Fiber used to cauterize headaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 297"
41698,4058,Urtica dioica L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,297,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Fiber used to cauterize swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 297"
41786,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,292,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Plants split, dried, pounded and used to make twine and rope.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
41787,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,292,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Plants split, dried, pounded and used to make fishing nets.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292"
42173,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,283,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 283"
42174,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,284,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284"
42322,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,284,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Berries boiled, mixed with red salmon spawn and oil and eaten at feasts in winter ceremonies.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284"
42323,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,286,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Twigs used to fasten skunk cabbage leaves onto berry baskets.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286"
42425,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,284,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284"
42702,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Juice taken by women to bring about an abortion.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42703,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of scraped roots taken to induce vomiting for internal pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42704,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of roots or leaves applied to the chest for chest pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42705,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Roots and oil rubbed on bloody back for back pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42706,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Powdered leaves used as snuff for bad colds.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42707,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Cold infusion of roots rubbed on the scalp for dandruff.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42708,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of scraped roots applied to swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42709,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of scraped roots taken to induce vomiting for internal pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42710,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Leaves rubbed on body to purify hunter.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42711,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Large, fleshy roots held in the mouth as a laxative.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42712,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,267,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Compound poultice of roots applied to sore backs.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267"
42713,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Roots and oil rubbed on bloody back for back pains.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42714,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Braided leaves with the root suspended worn around the neck by sick people.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42715,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Root hung around child's neck to ward off disease-causing spirits.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42716,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,2,Drug,13,Poison,Secondary roots considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42717,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Dried roots used as a charm to call rain.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
42718,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,273,3,Other,58,Protection,Root used as a charm for protection against all evils.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273"
43062,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,281,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries steamed, covered with oil, preserved and used for food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 281"
43063,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,281,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Fresh, ripe berries eaten at feasts only.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 281"
43064,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,281,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Green berries steamed, covered with water and used as a winter food.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 281"
43217,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,285,1,Food,52,Fruit,Pea-like fruits roasted and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285"
44686,4260,Zostera marina L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,274,1,Food,47,Special Food,Stems and roots dipped in oil and eaten during feasts.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 274"