id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
1,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and used for infected eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
2,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
3,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
4,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
139,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and used for infected eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
141,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
143,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
145,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
437,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,200,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make spoons.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
438,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,200,3,Other,17,Tools,"Straight sticks tied around a tree base, ignited and burned until the tree fell.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
735,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,"Leaves pounded, heated and used for breast abscesses.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
736,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Leaves pounded, heated and used for burns.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
738,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaves pounded, heated and used for boils.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
739,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Poultice of leaves and eulachon grease applied to the chest and back of children for bronchitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
740,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Poultice of leaves and eulachon grease applied to the chest and back of children for bronchitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
1957,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,195,3,Other,38,Decorations,Formerly used to decorate dance masks.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"
2102,141,Allium cernuum Roth,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
2326,168,Alnus incana (L.) Moench,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,2,Drug,,,Cones used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
2482,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used to make a red dye for cedar bark.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
2483,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as fuel for smoking fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
2672,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,2,Drug,,,Cones used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
2901,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
3239,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Plants formerly used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
3503,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,200,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Hollow stems used to make drinking straws.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
3504,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,200,3,Other,17,Tools,Hollow stems used to make breathing tubes for hiding under water when in danger.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
3523,265,Angelica lucida L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,1,Food,,,Formerly used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
3722,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stems dried, pounded and used to make twine.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
3723,296,Apocynum androsaemifolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Stems dried, pounded and used to make eulachon nets.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
4011,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
4012,318,Aralia nudicaulis L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,1,Food,27,Beverage,Roots boiled and used as a beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
4506,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,204,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries formerly mixed with melted mountain goat fat and served to chiefs at feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204"
4591,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,110,Kimsquit,53,t73,204,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries formerly dried, boiled, mixed with boiled dumplings and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204"
4776,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
5882,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots used for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
5885,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots used for stomach pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
6045,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
7153,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark occasionally used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
7154,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,202,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark occasionally used to make canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
8501,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Flowers used in young girls' games.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
8542,799,Castilleja unalaschcensis (Cham. & Schlecht.) Malte,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Flowers used in young girls' games.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
9074,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used for weaving capes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
9075,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used for weaving mats and blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
9076,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,3,Other,38,Decorations,Inner bark used for decorating masks.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
9259,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,207,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roasted and mashed roots applied to boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 207"
9260,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,207,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots eaten as greens in spring.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 207"
9835,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,200,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of grated tubers taken as an emetic to 'clean out the bile in the stomach.',"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
10413,1033,Clintonia uniflora (Menzies ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kunth,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by wolves.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
10997,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of inner bark used for sties and other eye infections.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
10998,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used for barbecue racks.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
11151,1105,Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,204,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe berries eaten with sugar and grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204"
11350,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
12707,1339,Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Rhizomes eaten raw to neutralize plant and shellfish poisoning.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
12708,1339,Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,Rhizomes eaten raw for losing weight.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
12709,1339,Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,1,Food,,,Rhizomes eaten raw or steamed.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
12950,1372,Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,195,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Whole plants with attached herring spawn dried and used as a winter food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"
12951,1372,Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,195,1,Food,,,Whole plants with attached herring spawn eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"
12952,1372,Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,195,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to collect herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"
13338,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Stems formerly used for sandpaper to smooth wooden objects.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
14884,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
14961,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
15083,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of bark taken as a strong laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
15358,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,1,Food,,,Bulbs formerly boiled and eaten with sugar and grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
15402,1673,Fucus sp.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,195,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used in steaming pits to generate steam for cooking.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"
15625,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,204,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried in cakes and used as a winter food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204"
16781,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed and cooked roots applied to boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
16785,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,1,Food,,,Young stems peeled and eaten with grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
17550,1937,Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
18432,2054,Juniperus communis L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for heartburn.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
18433,2054,Juniperus communis L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for stomach pains.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
18434,2054,Juniperus communis L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for ulcers.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
18435,2054,Juniperus communis L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Infusion of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for lung cough.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
19770,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled and used as a beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
21150,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves chewed and used for itchy skin and boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
21153,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by birds.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
21338,2298,Lupinus nootkatensis var. fruticosus Sims,110,Kimsquit,53,t73,205,1,Food,,,Roots formerly roasted and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
21490,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,3,Other,38,Decorations,Used to make wreaths.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
21588,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,3,Other,32,Containers,Large leaves folded and used as berry containers.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
21589,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Large leaves folded and used as drinking cups, as covering for drying cakes and to line pits.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
22045,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe berries occasionally eaten by hunters and berry pickers.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
22141,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries chewed and juice swallowed.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
22203,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
23565,2557,Myrica gale L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of pounded branches and fruits taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
23695,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,195,3,Other,32,Containers,Used to store eulachon grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"
24088,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Rhizomes used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
24408,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Inner bark chewed as an emetic.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
24409,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,3,Other,58,Protection,Spiny stems used as protective charms against supernatural powers.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
24932,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of ground root pieces taken as a purgative.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
24933,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of ground root pieces taken as an emetic.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
25591,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,2,Drug,,,Formerly used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
26761,2927,Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,208,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of three foot stick taken alternatively with large amounts of water as an emetic.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
27144,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Ripe cones used to make a steambath for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27145,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Sapling bark used to make a steambath for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27148,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Boughs used ritually for protection from death and illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27150,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of gum applied to cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27151,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Poultice of gum applied to infections.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27153,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Ripe cones used to make a steambath for stomach troubles.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27154,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Sapling bark used to make a steambath for stomach troubles.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27156,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Cambium eaten as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27159,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of branch tips and other herbs taken for gonorrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27161,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Gum taken for gonorrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
27162,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Long roots split and used to make finely woven baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
28346,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of crushed 'leaves' applied to infections and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
28347,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Poultice of 'leaves' used for blood blisters.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
28348,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,Poultice of 'leaves' used for breast abscesses in women.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
28349,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of 'leaves' used for boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
28979,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Rhizomes chewed to flavor the mouth.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
28980,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed and juice swallowed for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
29262,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Buds mixed with chewed and warmed mountain goat kidney fat and used as a face cream.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29263,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of buds mixed with eulachon grease or sockeye salmon oil and rubbed on scalp for baldness.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29264,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of buds applied for hip pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29265,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of buds and animal fat taken for whooping cough.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29266,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of buds applied for lung and hip pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29267,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of buds in dogfish oil taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29268,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Buds mixed with balsam sap and used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29269,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Inner cambium 'slime' sun dried and eaten with grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29270,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,1,Food,,,Inner cambium 'slime' eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
29723,3112,Porphyra sp.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,195,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sun dried and eaten alone or cooked with other food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"
30333,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of bark used for heart trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
30334,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
30335,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark formerly used for imbricating baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
30336,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark formerly used for wrapping implements.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
31146,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark used as a valuable fuel.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
31439,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,1,Food,,,Rhizomes toasted and eaten in summer.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
32818,3333,Rhizomnium glabrescens (Kindb.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of crushed 'leaves' applied to infections and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
32819,3333,Rhizomnium glabrescens (Kindb.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Poultice of 'leaves' used for blood blisters.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
32820,3333,Rhizomnium glabrescens (Kindb.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,Poultice of 'leaves' used for breast abscesses in women.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
32821,3333,Rhizomnium glabrescens (Kindb.) Koponen,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of 'leaves' used for boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
33309,3356,Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
33371,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,2,Drug,,,Berries and 'cane' used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33374,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33465,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Inner bark chewed and juice swallowed for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33467,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Inner bark chewed and juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33468,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Ripe, black berries used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33469,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Green berries boiled into a thick sauce and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33470,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,'Canes' hollowed out and used for pipe stems.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33548,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33549,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,3,Other,58,Protection,Used as a deterrent against snakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33586,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of roots and branches used as an eyewash.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
33588,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 206"
34031,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Roots and sprouts used in steambaths.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34032,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of roots and sprouts used as an eyewash.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34033,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits used for food in late fall.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34451,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34452,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34589,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34590,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34591,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34775,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries cooked with wild raspberries and other fruits into a thick jam, dried and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34776,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,,,Young sprouts peeled and eaten in spring.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34950,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries cooked, dried in cakes and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34951,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
34952,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,209,1,Food,,,Sprouts peeled and eaten in spring.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
35164,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,207,1,Food,,,Leaves eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 207"
35189,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,207,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of long, yellow roots and 'klondike soap' applied to boils, cuts and scrapes.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 207"
35191,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,207,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Young leaves mashed, cooked, mixed with grease and eaten like spinach.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 207"
36776,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
36777,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries formerly boiled into a thick sauce, dried and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
36778,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
36779,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Stems hollowed out and used as pipe bowls.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
37630,3636,Sedum spathulifolium Hook.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,204,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of stalks taken for easy deliveries.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204"
37809,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,204,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,"Berries mixed with water, whipped and eaten as 'Indian ice-cream.'","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204"
38129,3703,Sium suave Walt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,200,1,Food,,,Tubers eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
38130,3703,Sium suave Walt.,27,Carrier,53,t73,200,1,Food,,,Tubers eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
38568,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of root and branch bark taken for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
38569,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of root and branch bark taken for stomach troubles.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
38570,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Berries rubbed on the scalp for lice.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
38689,3783,Sphagnum sp.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,196,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used for padding and bedding.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 196"
38731,3792,Spiraea douglasii Hook.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,210,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used to hang salmon for drying and smoking.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210"
39445,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make harpoon shafts.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
39446,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood used to make adze handles, bark scrapers and wedges.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
39928,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for a swollen neck.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39929,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39932,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for stomach pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39935,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for heart trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39937,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for bronchitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39938,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39939,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make capes and shaman collars.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39940,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39941,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Inner bark used for sponges.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39942,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,3,Other,38,Decorations,Inner bark used for mask decoration.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
39943,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,3,Other,37,Fuel,Inner bark used for tinder.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
40662,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,,,"White, brittle roots formerly pit steamed or boiled and eaten with eulachon grease and stink salmon.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
40933,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Leaves chewed and used for burns.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
40938,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Twigs burned and used to cauterize the skin for internal ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
40939,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,5,Dye,150,Brown,Bark boiled and used as a brown dye for fishnets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
40940,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Inner bark steamed overnight, pounded, formed into balls, sun dried and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
40941,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,198,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Bark boiled and used on traps to remove rust and give them a clean smell.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
40942,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,22,Bellabella,53,t73,198,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs used to collect herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198"
41751,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,211,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Burning stem fibers used to cauterize sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 211"
41754,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,211,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers sun dried and used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 211"
41755,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,211,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stem fibers sun dried and used to make fishnets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 211"
41920,4064,Usnea sp.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,195,3,Other,38,Decorations,Formerly used to decorate dance masks.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 195"
41989,4071,Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42048,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42151,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42152,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42306,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42307,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42308,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,205,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205"
42637,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Outer roots used as an emetic.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
42645,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,199,3,Other,58,Protection,Outer roots hung in homes or boiled for protection from supernatural powers.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
43028,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,203,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries mixed with grease and other berries and used as a winter food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203"
44680,4260,Zostera marina L.,22,Bellabella,53,t73,200,1,Food,,,Plants eaten raw with eulachon grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
44687,4260,Zostera marina L.,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",53,t73,200,1,Food,,,Plants eaten raw with eulachon grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"