id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
417,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
504,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
864,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Leaves chewed as a blood purifier.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
865,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Leaves chewed 'to clean one out.',"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
868,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant taken at the start of labor 'to hurry the baby.',"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
869,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant taken by an expectant mother close to the time of birth for an easy delivery.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
871,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used like an antibiotic.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
872,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
905,38,Achillea millefolium L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,322,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
1586,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,217,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Fronds chewed or eaten for 'weak stomach.',"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 217"
1587,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,217,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Dark petioles split in two, worked until soft and used for black in basketry.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 217"
2139,141,Allium cernuum Roth,133,Makah,3,g83,338,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338"
2149,141,Allium cernuum Roth,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,338,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338"
2537,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,133,Makah,3,g83,243,3,Other,32,Containers,Cones used to store elderberries in the creeks.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2538,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,133,Makah,3,g83,243,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to cook halibut heads and salmonberry sprouts.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2539,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,133,Makah,3,g83,243,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls and dishes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2540,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,133,Makah,3,g83,243,3,Other,266,Preservative,Wood used for smoking and drying fish.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2541,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,133,Makah,3,g83,243,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves formerly smoked.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2547,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,243,2,Drug,,,Bark used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2548,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,243,5,Dye,150,Brown,Bark used as a brown dye for baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2556,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,243,3,Other,303,Preservative,Wood used for smoking and drying fish.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2557,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,243,3,Other,168,Water Indicator,"'If you see a creek without alder along its banks, the water isn't good to drink.'","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243"
2865,200,Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene,133,Makah,3,g83,323,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as medicine for healing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 323"
2866,200,Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene,133,Makah,3,g83,323,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Plant used as medicine for strength.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 323"
3541,265,Angelica lucida L.,133,Makah,3,g83,292,1,Food,,,Peeled petioles used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 292"
4596,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,297,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297"
4597,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,297,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Leaves dried and sold.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297"
4611,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,297,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,"Leaves roasted, crushed and smoked.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297"
4784,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,133,Makah,3,g83,265,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 265"
4787,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,265,1,Food,,,Peeled roots eaten raw or steamed.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 265"
5895,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of roots used for rheumatism.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
5897,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Root juice taken for internal healing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
5900,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,2,Drug,,,Roots used to make a very good medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
5901,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
5903,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,3,g83,261,5,Dye,,,Roots used to make dye.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 261"
7375,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,219,1,Food,86,Spice,Fronds used for flavor in cooking by placing them under the items to be cooked.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 219"
7462,615,Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,257,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used in bouquets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 257"
7867,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,133,Makah,3,g83,338,1,Food,,,Bulbs pit cooked and eaten.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338"
7917,704,Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze,133,Makah,3,g83,287,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of leaves applied to stop bleeding.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 287"
8084,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,133,Makah,3,g83,330,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the horizontal strands in basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 330"
9122,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,227,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bark fibers, nettle fibers and dog hair used to make a stronger rope.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 227"
13532,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,133,Makah,3,g83,215,1,Food,,,Strobili boiled in water for ten minutes and eaten.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
13533,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,133,Makah,3,g83,215,1,Food,,,"Young, sterile or fertile shoots peeled, washed or soaked in cold water and eaten raw.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
13534,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,215,1,Food,27,Beverage,Vegetative shoots used as a source of drinking water when traveling.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
13535,1431,Equisetum telmateia var. braunii (Milde) Milde,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,215,1,Food,,,Fertile and sterile shoots used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 215"
14840,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,133,Makah,3,g83,262,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 262"
14841,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,133,Makah,3,g83,262,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jams and jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 262"
15103,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,133,Makah,3,g83,286,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Bark mixed with crab apple bark to prevent the crab apple from constipating the user.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 286"
15105,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,133,Makah,3,g83,286,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Used as a laxative.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 286"
15473,1682,Galium aparine L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,316,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Plant good for the hair, making it grow long.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 316"
15528,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,133,Makah,3,g83,316,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plant crushed and used as a perfume.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 316"
15641,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves used to dry the mouth.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15642,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used as a remedy for thirst.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15644,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries mashed, formed into cakes and sun or air dried for winter use.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15645,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15646,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15647,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15648,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15649,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15650,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves steamed with halibut heads for flavoring.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15651,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves used to flavor smoked fish.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15652,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,299,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used to whip soapberries into a froth.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15654,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,299,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a stomach tonic.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15657,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,299,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15661,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,299,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
16850,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Heated poultice of leaves applied for eye problems.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
16851,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Used as a spring tonic.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
16852,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,2,Drug,,,Central stalk considered strong medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
16854,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,1,Food,,,"Fresh petioles peeled, mixed with oil and used for food.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
16855,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,1,Food,,,Plant eaten after peeling.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
16856,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,133,Makah,3,g83,293,1,Food,,,Stems considered a favored food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 293"
17326,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,133,Makah,3,g83,263,2,Drug,,,Used to make medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 263"
17331,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,263,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used for holding fish while barbecuing because they don't burn.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 263"
17334,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,263,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make knitting needles.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 263"
17335,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,263,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make practice bows and arrows for children.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 263"
19705,2108,Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi,133,Makah,3,g83,281,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Immature seeds eaten as peas.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281"
19810,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,3,g83,301,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves and sugar given to mothers after childbirth to gain their strength.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 301"
19811,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,3,g83,301,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a kidney medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 301"
19814,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,3,g83,301,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage tea.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 301"
19830,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,301,2,Drug,359,Dietary Aid,Infusion of leaves used as an appetite stimulant.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 301"
21181,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,317,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Mashed fruit applied to the scalp for dandruff.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 317"
21182,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,317,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Fruit used as an emetic.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 317"
21184,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,317,2,Drug,13,Poison,Fruit considered poisonous.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 317"
21185,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,133,Makah,3,g83,317,5,Dye,,,Fruit used as a dye for basketry materials.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 317"
21638,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,3,g83,336,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used for arthritis.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 336"
21642,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,3,g83,336,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 336"
21644,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,3,g83,336,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to cover sprouts while cooking.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 336"
21834,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots or possibly the leaves used for yellow dye.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21835,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21837,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,254,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Used with hemlock and alder as drink for tuberculosis.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21838,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,254,2,Drug,,,Bark used medicinally.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21909,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots or possibly the leaves used for yellow dye.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21910,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,254,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make preserves.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21912,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,254,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Used with hemlock and alder as drink for tuberculosis.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
21913,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,254,2,Drug,,,Bark used medicinally.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254"
22235,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Bark used as a 'blood purifier' and it 'puts something in your blood that cuts down the clots.',"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22237,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Bark used for ulcers.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22239,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Bark used for the heart.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22240,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Bark used for any internal ailment.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22241,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Bark used for internal organs.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22242,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Bark of larger trees used as a laxative.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22243,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used for fractures.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22244,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Bark used for any illness and considered a complete medicine, all in itself.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22248,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Used as a tonic.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22249,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Used for tuberculosis.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22250,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,2,Drug,,,Bark used to make the most popular and healing medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22252,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22253,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,3,g83,268,1,Food,1,Preserves,Ripe fruit used to make jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22257,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,268,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Bark and roots used as a tonic for young men in training.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22258,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,268,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Used as a tonic to 'repair the damage done by the elder' during puberty rites.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
22259,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,268,2,Drug,,,Used as a medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268"
23553,2551,Myosotis laxa Lehm.,133,Makah,3,g83,312,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant rubbed on the hair to act like a hairspray.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 312"
23710,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,133,Makah,3,g83,206,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Solid stipes used for tying.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23713,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,133,Makah,3,g83,206,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Solid stipes used for fish lines.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23715,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,133,Makah,3,g83,206,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Used by children to make 'kelp cars' to tow around on the beach.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23717,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Lower stipes used for ropes and fishing lines.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23718,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,3,Other,32,Containers,"Blades used to cover fish in the boat, while at sea, to prevent the fish from drying out.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23719,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,3,Other,32,Containers,Enlarged upper portion of stipes dried and rinsed with fresh water and used for oil storage bottles.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23720,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,3,Other,32,Containers,Enlarged upper portion of the stipes used as molds for cosmetics.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23723,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Enlarged upper portion of stipes used as funnels for pouring water onto hot rocks in pit cooking.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23724,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Lower stipes used for ropes and fishing lines.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
23727,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,206,3,Other,17,Tools,Enlarged upper portion of the stipes used as steam boxes for making halibut hooks.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206"
24112,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,251,2,Drug,,,Decoction of rhizomes used as a medicinal drink.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 251"
24219,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,133,Makah,3,g83,264,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Bark used as a mild laxative.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 264"
24220,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,133,Makah,3,g83,264,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 264"
24221,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,133,Makah,3,g83,264,2,Drug,,,Bark used as a healing agent.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 264"
24222,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,133,Makah,3,g83,264,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Inner bark strips used to bind harpoons.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 264"
24498,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,133,Makah,3,g83,289,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used for arthritis.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24499,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,133,Makah,3,g83,289,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of cooked or boiled plant applied to sore spots.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24500,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,133,Makah,3,g83,289,2,Drug,,,Bark and roots used medicinally.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24501,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,133,Makah,3,g83,289,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make lures and hooks for bass fishing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24503,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,289,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of bark taken for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24505,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,289,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of bark taken for bone ailments.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24506,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,289,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24507,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,289,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant burned to make charcoal used as a protective face paint for ceremonial dancers. A person wearing this kind of paint would have so much power you could not look them in the eye.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
24509,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,289,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make lures for cod fishing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289"
25151,2709,Oxalis oregana Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,284,1,Food,,,Leaves eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 284"
26647,2908,Phyllospadix scouleri Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,1,Food,,,Rhizomes chewed or eaten raw.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
26650,2909,Phyllospadix serrulatus Rupr. ex Aschers.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,1,Food,,,Rhizomes chewed or eaten raw.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
26651,2910,Phyllospadix sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,205,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 205"
26657,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"White, sun bleached leaves used in basketry.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
26658,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,133,Makah,3,g83,328,1,Food,,,Rhizomes chewed or eaten raw.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 328"
27224,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,133,Makah,3,g83,234,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Pitch used as a stomach medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27228,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,133,Makah,3,g83,234,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch used as chewing gum.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27229,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,133,Makah,3,g83,234,1,Food,,,'Little cones' and buds used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27231,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,133,Makah,3,g83,234,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch used as glue to repair items such as harpoons.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27234,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split roots used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27235,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used to fill cracks and knot holes in canoes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27236,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branches used ceremonially to initiate the children.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27241,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,3,Other,26,Paint,"Pitch used like shellac on harpoons. The pitch was ignited and caught with a mussel shell as it melted.  The whale hunter's entire family would join in and chew the pitch until it was the right consistency.  Then the hunter would put the pitch on his harpoon, smooth it over and then burn off the excess.  Finally, he would shine it until it was smooth like shellac.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
27242,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,234,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,"Pitch used to waterproof boxes. These boxes were used only for cold materials, as hot water would melt the pitch.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234"
28999,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,133,Makah,3,g83,220,2,Drug,,,Rhizomes used for internal ailments.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 220"
29000,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,133,Makah,3,g83,220,1,Food,19,Dietary Aid,"Rhizomes chewed, on hunting trips, to curb the appetite.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 220"
29001,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,133,Makah,3,g83,220,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes eaten raw, especially by children, because of the licorice flavor.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 220"
29019,3079,Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev.,133,Makah,3,g83,221,1,Food,,,Species used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29115,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,221,1,Food,86,Spice,"Leaves used to steam salmonberry sprouts on hot rocks, to give the sprouts flavor.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29117,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,221,1,Food,,,Roots steamed or cooked in a pit.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29118,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,221,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used for lining cooking pits, both above and below the foods.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29120,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,221,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to wipe salmon.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29121,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,221,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Fronds used in the game, pile pile. The game, pile pile, was played frequently in Neah Bay earlier this century and went as follows:  one would take a deep breath and pluck the pinnae one by one saying 'pile' for each, all in one breath.  The winner was the one who reached the top (apex) of the frond, pulled the most pinnae off, before running out of breath.  In Neah Bay anyone could play this game, but among the Nitinaht, where adults also play pile pile, the game was a family privilege exercised at big potlatches.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29126,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,221,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used for lining cooking pits, both above and below the foods.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29128,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,221,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Fronds used in the game, pile pile. The game, pile pile, was played frequently in Neah Bay earlier this century and went as follows:  one would take a deep breath and pluck the pinnae one by one saying 'pile' for each, all in one breath.  The winner was the one who reached the top (apex) of the frond, pulled the most pinnae off, before running out of breath.  In Neah Bay anyone could play this game, but among the Nitinaht, where adults also play pile pile, the game was a family privilege exercised at big potlatches.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221"
29309,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,241,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fibers, dog hair and nettles used to make stronger ropes.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 241"
29729,3112,Porphyra sp.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,210,1,Food,,,Plant used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 210"
30376,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,133,Makah,3,g83,266,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Bark used as a blood purifier.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266"
30377,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,133,Makah,3,g83,266,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Bark used as a laxative.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266"
30378,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,133,Makah,3,g83,266,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Bark used as a tonic.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266"
30380,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,266,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266"
31526,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,133,Makah,3,g83,224,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Fiddleheads placed on each side of the gums adjacent to the affected tooth for toothaches.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 224"
31528,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,133,Makah,3,g83,224,1,Food,,,Steamed rhizomes used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 224"
31530,3216,Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,224,1,Food,,,Steamed rhizomes used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 224"
33385,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,257,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 257"
33484,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,133,Makah,3,g83,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 258"
33487,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 258"
33596,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,260,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 260"
33597,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,260,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 260"
34110,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,133,Makah,3,g83,270,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 270"
34111,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,133,Makah,3,g83,270,1,Food,,,Hips used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 270"
34112,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,133,Makah,3,g83,270,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Hips used to make necklaces.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 270"
34113,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,270,1,Food,,,Hips and petals used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 270"
34409,3447,Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34577,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34578,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34579,3455,Rubus laciniatus Willd.,133,Makah,3,g83,272,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 272"
34615,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34616,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34617,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34818,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34819,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,83,Preservative,Fruit used to make jam and jelly.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34820,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,273,1,Food,,,Raw sprouts used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273"
34993,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
34994,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,47,Special Food,Sprouts available in large amounts often the occasion for sprout parties. Makah women would collect canoe loads of sprouts and pit steam them on the beach.  People would sing and dance while waiting for the steaming sprouts to finish cooking.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
34996,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,,,"Sprouts peeled and eaten raw, boiled or steamed on hot rocks.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
34997,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
34998,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,275,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Sprouts eaten with fermented salmon eggs collected during the previous autumn.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275"
35069,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,133,Makah,3,g83,278,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 278"
35070,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,133,Makah,3,g83,278,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruits used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 278"
35071,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,133,Makah,3,g83,278,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruits used to make jam.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 278"
35863,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35864,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35865,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
35866,3531,Salix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,242,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Soft roots used as a towel to rub down after bathing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
36209,3551,Salix sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,242,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242"
36803,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit steamed, sun dried and placed in bentwood cedar boxes for storage.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36804,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36805,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit mixed with sugar, steamed and eaten.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36806,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berry clusters placed in alder bark cones and submerged in cold creeks for storage.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36807,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36808,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,133,Makah,3,g83,318,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Fruit or flower glue used to waterproof cedar bark rain hats.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36815,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,318,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Bark soaked in water and taken as an emetic and purge.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36816,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,318,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Bark used as a very strong laxative.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36817,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,318,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Bark used by athletes to 'draw out all the slime in the system,' for better wind and endurance.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36818,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,318,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36830,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,209,Quileute,3,g83,318,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
36831,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,209,Quileute,3,g83,318,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 318"
37439,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,133,Makah,3,g83,332,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Shoots used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 332"
37515,3611,Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl,133,Makah,3,g83,332,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the bottom portion of baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 332"
37626,3635,Sedum sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,256,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Leaves used for bedwetting.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 256"
37628,3635,Sedum sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,256,1,Food,,,Leaves used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 256"
37680,3644,Senecio jacobaea L.,133,Makah,3,g83,327,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used as a medicinal tea.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 327"
37853,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,288,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries used to make a frothy dessert.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 288"
37855,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,288,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Purchased berries dried or canned for storage.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 288"
37856,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,288,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Purchased berries dried or canned for storage.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 288"
38355,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,314,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Potatoes dipped in oil and eaten with smoked fish.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 314"
39514,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,226,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make chest high digging sticks.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 226"
40079,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of boughs taken for coughs.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40080,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark pounded until soft as cotton and used to rub the face.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40081,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40082,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40083,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark pounded until soft and made into clothes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40086,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to line baby cradles.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40087,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make totem poles.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40088,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make boxes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40089,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,133,Makah,3,g83,228,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make fish barbecuing sticks and cross pieces.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40120,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,228,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Used to make ropes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
40668,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,133,Makah,3,g83,281,2,Drug,,,Used for medicine.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281"
40676,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,281,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or cooked with fermented salmon eggs.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281"
41031,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,133,Makah,3,g83,238,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238"
41041,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,238,5,Dye,150,Brown,Bark used as a brown dye for basketry material and gill nets 'so the fish won't see it.',"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238"
41043,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,238,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Old leaves eaten sparingly to keep alive when hungry in the woods.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238"
41044,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,238,1,Food,,,Young growth used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 238"
41701,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,"Leaves rubbed on fishing line to give it a green color or used as medicine for good fishing. An informant said, 'As a child I saw my father when he'd take this halibut line, fish line, and he'd tighten it from one end of the yard to the other, while it was being stretched like that, otherwise they coil and tangle you know.  He'd take a handful of those leaves and he'd rub it along the line and it gave it kind of a green color.  I don't know if that was just for the color or if he thought there was some medicine in it or something, for good fishing or something.  Might have been just to tint the line.'","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41702,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Used to rub the whale hunters bodies in order to be strong.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41703,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Stems put under splints to hasten the healing process.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41704,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Infusion of roots given to expectant mothers.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41705,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Used to rub down after the morning bath.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41706,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,5,Dye,121,Green,"Leaves rubbed on fishing line to give it a green color or used as medicine for good fishing. An informant said, 'As a child I saw my father when he'd take this halibut line, fish line, and he'd tighten it from one end of the yard to the other, while it was being stretched like that, otherwise they coil and tangle you know.  He'd take a handful of those leaves and he'd rub it along the line and it gave it kind of a green color.  I don't know if that was just for the color or if he thought there was some medicine in it or something, for good fishing or something.  Might have been just to tint the line.'","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41707,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibers used in weaving baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41708,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibers used to make string.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41709,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,1,Food,,,Plant tops used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41710,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used in rituals for whaling and fishing.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41711,4058,Urtica dioica L.,133,Makah,3,g83,246,3,Other,58,Protection,Used to rub seal hunters bodies to protect themselves from the weather.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41716,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,246,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fibers, yellow cedar bark or cottonwood fibers and dog hair used to make stronger ropes.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41718,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,246,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fibers used to make fish and duck nets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246"
41923,4064,Usnea sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,211,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for boils.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
41924,4064,Usnea sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,211,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Used as a source of yellow dye.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
41925,4064,Usnea sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,211,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used in bags as pillows when feathers unavailable.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
41926,4064,Usnea sp.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,211,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used to bandage wounds.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
41927,4064,Usnea sp.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,211,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used to diaper babies and for women's sanitary napkins.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 211"
42175,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,305,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves and sugar given to mothers after childbirth.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 305"
42176,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,305,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Fruit dried into cakes and stored for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 305"
42177,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,304,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit formed into cakes, dried and stored for future use.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 304"
42180,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,304,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 304"
42181,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,305,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 305"
42182,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,304,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 304"
42183,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,305,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 305"
42224,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,306,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves and sugar given to mothers after childbirth to gain their strength.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 306"
42225,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,306,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Fruit dried into cakes and stored for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 306"
42226,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,306,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 306"
42281,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42282,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Fruit used to make pies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42283,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jam and jellies.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42284,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,133,Makah,3,g83,307,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307"
42325,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,308,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Fruit frozen for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308"
42327,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,308,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308"
42328,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,133,Makah,3,g83,308,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit canned for winter use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308"
42389,4087,Vaccinium sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,310,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of leaves used for kidney disorders.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 310"
42390,4087,Vaccinium sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,310,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries formerly dried into cakes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 310"
42391,4087,Vaccinium sp.,133,Makah,3,g83,310,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 310"
42426,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,133,Makah,3,g83,309,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves and sugar given to mothers a few days after childbirth to gain their strength.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 309"
43219,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,133,Makah,3,g83,283,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,"Used as a 'love medicine.' If you want your girlfriend to love you, take the plant and rub down with it after bathing, and she will love you forever.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 283"
43723,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,3,g83,343,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for basketry.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 343"