id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
216,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied for chest colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
218,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gummy secretions used on wounds as an antiseptic.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
220,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves mixed with grease and used as hairdressing.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
224,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of leaves applied for fevers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
227,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Gummy secretions taken for lung troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
232,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Ground needles used in horse medicine bundles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
242,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
569,28,Acer negundo var. interius (Britt.) Sarg.,54,Cree,146,j87,44,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 44"
1166,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Roots used for fevers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1167,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1168,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Roots used for acute respiratory infections.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1169,54,Aconitum sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Roots used for acute throat  infections.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1178,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Rootstock ground, mixed with tobacco and smoked inhaled for headaches.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1179,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied for cramps.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1180,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to sore chests.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1181,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1182,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to toothaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1183,55,Acorus calamus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant used for barter.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1228,55,Acorus calamus L.,54,Cree,146,j87,23,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Rootstock ground, mixed with water and taken for an upset stomach.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1229,55,Acorus calamus L.,54,Cree,146,j87,23,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Rootstock peeled, chewed and liquid swallowed for sore throats.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1446,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1447,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of roots taken for coughs.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1448,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots used to treat horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
1681,84,Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze,54,Cree,146,j87,51,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Flowers frequently included in medicine bundles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
2103,141,Allium cernuum Roth,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs and leaves used as flavoring.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2104,141,Allium cernuum Roth,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs and leaves eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2256,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs boiled with meat.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2257,160,Allium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,23,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Bulbs preserved for later use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
2418,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for scrofula.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
2419,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,5,Dye,193,Orange,Decoction of inner bark used to make a orange dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
2420,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,Decoction of inner bark used to make a red-brown dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
2908,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,1,Food,41,Dessert,Berries and buffalo fat used to make a soup eaten as a dessert at feasts.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2910,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2923,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Dried berries traded for tobacco.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2925,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Forked sticks used in religious rituals.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
2926,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Shoots used to make arrows.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
3251,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,33,Cheyenne,146,j87,56,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Powdered flowers put on each hoof & blown between the ears for long windedness, spirit & endurance.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
3619,279,Antennaria rosea Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,1,Food,85,Candy,Leaves chewed by children for the flavor.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
3620,279,Antennaria rosea Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
4516,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4517,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for later use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4521,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Heavy fruit set taken by the medicine men as a sign of a severe winter to come.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
4524,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
5026,392,Artemisia cana Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant used as fall and winter forage for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5224,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5225,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of leaves taken for coughs.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5229,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant tops chewed and liquid swallowed for heartburn.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5230,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant taken by women during menses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5233,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of roots and tops taken for mountain fever.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5239,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in religious rituals.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5248,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,33,Cheyenne,146,j87,56,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of plant taken by women during menses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5511,404,Artemisia sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Bracts and flower heads used in horse medicine bundles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
6449,463,Astragalus australis (L.) Lam.,26,Canadian Indian,146,j87,39,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
6464,466,Astragalus canadensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or boiled.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
7132,579,Betula occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
7155,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
7611,648,Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as an excellent fall and winter pasture for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
7847,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,24,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Roots pit roasted and made into loaves.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24"
7850,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,24,1,Food,,,Roots pit roasted and boiled with meat.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24"
7851,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,24,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Roots kept dry and preserved for future use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24"
8075,745,Carex nebrascensis Dewey,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,1,Food,5,Forage,Leaves thought to be a favorite food of the buffalo.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
8077,745,Carex nebrascensis Dewey,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Leaves tied around the horn of the sacred buffalo skull used in ceremonials.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
8100,752,Carex sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Grass used in moccasins to protect the feet during winter horse stealing expeditions.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
9684,917,Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used in the tobacco mixture.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
10212,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,61,Dakota,146,j87,35,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant used as a horse medicine.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
10234,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,162,Nez Perce,146,j87,35,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant used as a horse medicine.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
10596,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Plant used for chronic diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
10597,1069,Conyza canadensis var. canadensis,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Plant used for childbirth hemorrhage.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
11006,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Inner bark used in the tobacco mixture.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
11008,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Bark used to cover a circle of split beaver teeth and used as a gambling wheel.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
12047,1234,Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Dry, flaky bark used as tinder when starting a fire with twirling sticks.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
12318,1259,Delphinium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
12319,1259,Delphinium sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
12747,1348,Echinacea angustifolia DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed to cause mouth numbness for toothaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
13339,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of foliage used in horse medicine as a drench.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
13354,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,54,Cree,146,j87,16,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Decoction of plant and two unknown roots used to correct menstrual irregularities.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
13637,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant used as a fall and winter forage for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
13769,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Plant used for chronic diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
13770,1480,Erigeron philadelphicus L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Plant used for childbirth hemorrhage.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
14017,1508,Eriogonum flavum Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
14184,1535,Eriogonum umbellatum var. majus Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves boiled to make tea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
14399,1571,Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 45"
14962,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots used for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
14963,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
14964,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
15489,1684,Galium boreale L.,54,Cree,146,j87,53,5,Dye,136,Red,Decoction of roots used as a red dye for porcupine quills.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
15756,1713,Gentiana affinis Griseb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used for their attractiveness.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
15930,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of roots used for sore or swollen eyes.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
15934,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,2,Drug,69,Tonic,"Leaves dried, crushed, mixed with other medicines and used as a tonic.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
15936,1738,Geum triflorum Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,38,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Ripe seeds crushed and used as perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38"
16206,1780,Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Decoction of roots taken for liver troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
16274,1786,Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Roots placed in boiling water and steam inhaled for respiratory ailments.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
16788,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of roots applied to bruises and chronic swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
16969,1856,Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Spread out appearance of grass indicated the best condition for hunting buffalo cows in the fall.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
17048,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,36,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of roots used for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 36"
17049,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,36,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of roots used as an astringent.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 36"
17080,1871,Heuchera flabellifolia Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,36,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles and cramps.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 36"
17111,1877,Heuchera richardsonii R. Br.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Rootstocks chewed for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
17129,1879,Heuchera sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,36,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant used for saddle sores on horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 36"
17186,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Burning leaf smoke inhaled for colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17197,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Leaves used for saddle sores on horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17206,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used in the Sun Dance ceremony and burned on a small altar found in many lodges.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17215,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Used as an incense, natural sachet or perfume.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17216,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves soaked in water and used as a hairwash.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
17269,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,198,Plains Indian,146,j87,20,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Leaves given to horses to make them long winded on the chase.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
18436,2054,Juniperus communis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of berries used for lung diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18438,2054,Juniperus communis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of berries used for venereal diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18937,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of berries taken for vomiting.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18939,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and turpentine rubbed on parts affected by arthritis and rheumatism.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
18941,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony, the summer festival of the Blackfoot.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
20013,2158,Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robins.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried for future use.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
20067,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Grass used for beds in lodges made from sticks when on war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
20068,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,20,1,Food,5,Forage,Used for grazing during the winter.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
20133,2166,Liatris punctata Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,59,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled roots applied to swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 59"
20134,2166,Liatris punctata Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,59,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 59"
20135,2166,Liatris punctata Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,59,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 59"
20616,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,157,Navajo,146,j87,51,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Plant used as an oral birth control.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
20623,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,232,Shoshoni,146,j87,51,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Plant used as an oral birth control.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
20889,2237,Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,232,Shoshoni,146,j87,48,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Root oil used as eye drops for 'trachoma.',"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
21050,2251,Lomatium simplex var. leptophyllum (Hook.) Mathias,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or roasted.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
21061,2254,Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,1,Food,,,Roots eaten raw or roasted.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
21240,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,45,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used in ceremonial rites of the Native American Church.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 45"
21499,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Spores applied as an antiseptic dust on wounds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21500,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Spores snuffed for nosebleed.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21501,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of plant used for lung diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21502,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of plant used for venereal diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21503,2322,Lycopodium complanatum L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,16,5,Dye,105,Mordant,Whole plant used as a mordant to set certain dyes.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 16"
21529,2329,Lycopus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant compounded with other plants and used for children's colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
21530,2329,Lycopus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant compounded with other plants and used for children's colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
21552,2333,Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for heartburn.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
21951,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Roots used to make a yellow dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
21953,2376,Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
22472,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of plant and flowers used for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
22474,2423,Matricaria discoidea DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Dried blossoms used as an insect repellant.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
22597,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried leaves chewed and swallowed for chest pains.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
22598,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Dried leaves chewed and swallowed for heart ailments.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
22603,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant boiled with traps to destroy the human scent.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
23262,2505,Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,51,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Flowers dried and used as a perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51"
23523,2542,Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Roots used as a horse medicine.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
23524,2542,Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
23743,2577,Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,52,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for smoking.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 52"
24283,2616,Oenothera caespitosa Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Wet poultice of crushed roots applied to sores and swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
24913,2683,Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant chewed by medicine men and blown upon wounds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
24920,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,5,Dye,136,Red,"Leaves crushed and pressed firmly into skins, horsehair and feathers as a red dye.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
24922,2688,Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,5,Dye,127,Red-Brown,"Whole, blooming plant pressed firmly into skins, horsehair and feathers as a reddish tan dye.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
24938,2692,Osmorhiza berteroi DC.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,49,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Whole plant fed to mares in the winter to put them into condition for foaling.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49"
25256,2723,Oxytropis sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,40,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 40"
25257,2723,Oxytropis sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,40,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and liquid swallowed for sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 40"
25706,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,41,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots chewed by children for bowel complaints.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 41"
25712,2783,Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,41,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots chewed by teething children.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 41"
25810,2798,Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. ex Lindl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of leaves taken for vomiting.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
26571,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,22,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of whole plant taken as an emetic.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
26735,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
26746,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant chewed for cramps and stomach troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
26752,2924,Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
27281,2939,Picea sp.,54,Cree,146,j87,18,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Cones chewed for sore throats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
27500,2955,Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make tipi frames.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
27930,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
27931,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,3,Other,17,Tools,Twigs used as twirling sticks in fire making.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
28772,3046,Polygala senega L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,42,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Decoction of roots used for respiratory diseases.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 42"
28912,3060,Polygonum bistortoides Pursh,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,33,1,Food,56,Soup,Roots used in soups and stews.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33"
29512,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark fed to horses during war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29513,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Inner bark used as punk in the ceremonial lighting of pipes.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29514,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pole used as Sun Dance ceremony centerpiece to symbolize the axis between people and world beyond.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29516,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,37,Fuel,Branches used for firewood.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29517,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Sap rubbed on the bodies of horse thieves to disguise the human scent.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29518,3105,Populus sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,3,Other,179,Preservative,Branches used for drying meat.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29575,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,1,Food,50,Fodder,Bark fed to horses during the winter.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29580,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,1,Food,,,Inner bark eaten in the spring.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29924,3151,Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
31147,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,18,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18"
31594,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Ripe seed head 'cotton' burned on hot coals and the smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
31595,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to affected parts as a counterirritant.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
33090,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,42,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Dried berries ground and dusted onto smallpox pustules.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 42"
33311,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken by women for uterine troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
33312,3358,Ribes americanum P. Mill.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,37,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken for kidney ailments.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37"
34145,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots used for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
34149,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh or roasted.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
34150,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Dried fruits, hanging on the bushes in the winter, used as a famine food.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
34151,3432,Rosa sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,39,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Fruits used to make necklaces.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39"
35464,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used for swellings.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
35465,3493,Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,34,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plant used for many complaints.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34"
35761,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of new twigs taken as a painkiller.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
35762,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,28,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of new twigs taken for fevers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
35763,3525,Salix discolor Muhl.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,5,Dye,136,Red,Spring buds used to make a red dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
35788,3527,Salix exigua Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,30,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make the framework of the sweat lodges.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 30"
36019,3544,Salix prolixa Anderss.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make ceremonial sticks.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36126,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Sticks used as lodgepoles for small hunting tipis.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36128,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make the circular frames for bull boats.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36130,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Sticks used to make backrests, part of the furniture of the tipi.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36133,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,3,Other,32,Containers,"Wood used to make the top and bottom hoop of buckets, basins and other containers.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
36134,3551,Salix sp.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,32,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wood used to make tipi pegs and pins.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32"
37768,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,5,Dye,136,Red,Berries used to make a red dye.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
37769,3657,Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,48,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by buffalo.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48"
38335,3728,Solanum triflorum Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of berries given to children for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
38337,3728,Solanum triflorum Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,53,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of berries given to children for diarrhea.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53"
39131,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,55,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of berries given to horses for water retention.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 55"
39132,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,55,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Fruits eaten in times of scarcity.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 55"
39133,3854,Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,55,3,Other,37,Fuel,Green twigs used to make a fire to blacken the surface of newly made pipes.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 55"
39727,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds and leaves kept for the pleasant smell.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
39728,3925,Thalictrum occidentale Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Seeds and leaves placed among clothing or other possessions as an insect repellant.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
39743,3928,Thalictrum sparsiflorum Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,35,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Dried leaves ground into powder and given to horses to make them long winded, spirited and enduring.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 35"
39824,3945,Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,41,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flowers indicated the prime buffalo hunting season.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 41"
39827,3945,Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richards.,76,Flathead,146,j87,41,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flowers indicated the prime buffalo hunting season.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 41"
40421,3968,Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,61,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots given to tired horses to relieve them.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61"
40683,4017,Triglochin maritima L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,19,2,Drug,13,Poison,Leaves known to be poisonous to stock.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 19"
41183,4049,Typha latifolia L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,19,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Down used as diapers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 19"
41184,4049,Typha latifolia L.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,19,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 19"
42487,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42490,4093,Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots given to horses for colic or distemper.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42518,4094,Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,2,Drug,13,Poison,Raw roots considered poisonous.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42536,4095,Valeriana sitchensis Bong.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,56,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
42646,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Poisonous roots dried, crushed and snuffed for headaches.","Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
42650,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,13,Poison,Poisonous roots ingested for suicide.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43708,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed roots applied to wounds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43709,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Grated roots used for bleeding.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
43710,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of grated roots used for breaks and sprains.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
44075,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of grated roots applied to bleeding cuts.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
44080,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots applied to saddle sores.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"
44081,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,25,3,Other,106,Soap,Roots used as a soap substitute and hair wash.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 25"