id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
552,27,Acer negundo L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood burned in the altar fire of the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
571,29,Acer negundo var. negundo,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood burned in the altar fire of the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
572,29,Acer negundo var. negundo,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood burned in the altar fire of the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
1638,75,Aesculus glabra var. arguta (Buckl.) B.L. Robins.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,41,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of the inside of fruit taken as an emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 41"
2714,186,Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,26,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Used to make a glue.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 26"
2881,201,Ambrosia psilostachya DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,55,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
2882,201,Ambrosia psilostachya DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,55,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores on horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
2883,201,Ambrosia psilostachya DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,55,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Used rolled up, with various sages, in the sweat houses.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55"
3194,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3195,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3196,222,Amorpha fruticosa L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Long stems used as a foundation for bedding material.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
3807,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,47,1,Food,85,Candy,"Milky latex used as chewing gum. After the latex was squeezed from the plant, it was allowed to stand over night, whereupon it hardened into a 'white gum.'  Two kinds of gum were recognized; that which was left overnight, and that which was chewed only a few hours after it had been extracted from the plant.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
4743,361,Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,5,Dye,,,Leaf ash used under the skin for tattooing.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
5212,396,Artemisia filifolia Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,56,3,Other,143,Paper,Used for drying hands and as a substitute for toilet paper.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
5440,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,56,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plants taken for stomach troubles.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
5441,401,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,56,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of plants taken for the lungs or to cut phlegm.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
5504,402,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
5505,402,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,56,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Plant used as a purifying agent in the sweat house.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
5506,402,Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,56,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed for sore throats.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56"
5838,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Plant used as a 'worm' medicine.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
5839,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Used to make cushions for the worshippers in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
5840,410,Artemisia vulgaris L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Leaves rubbed on the face and hands as a purifying agent.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
6180,441,Asclepias sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,47,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Young fruits, after first removing the outer 'hairy' surface, cooked and eaten.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
6181,441,Asclepias sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,47,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dried pods used as spoons.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
6182,441,Asclepias sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,47,3,Other,38,Decorations,Dried pods gathered for decorative purposes.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
7402,604,Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Stem used as a toothpick.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
7403,604,Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Stem used as a toothpick.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
7420,606,Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Recognized as a good fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7421,606,Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Worn by those, who in battle, had killed an enemy with a lance, grass resembled the feathered lance.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7424,607,Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Recognized as a good fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7425,607,Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Recognized as a good fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7426,607,Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Worn by those, who in battle, had killed an enemy with a lance, grass resembled the feathered lance.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7427,607,Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Worn by those, who in battle, had killed an enemy with a lance, grass resembled the feathered lance.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7449,609,Bouteloua hirsuta Lag.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,"Very good fodder, according to the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, for horses and mules.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7582,635,Bromus catharticus Vahl,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass recognized as an important fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7583,635,Bromus catharticus Vahl,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,14,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass recognized as an important fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
7681,666,Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,42,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Flowers, because of their beauty, have an esthetic appeal.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
7682,666,Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,42,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Flowers, because of their beauty, have an esthetic appeal.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
8305,765,Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,20,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
8803,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries pounded into a paste like consistency, molded onto a stick and baked over an open fire.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
8804,824,Celtis occidentalis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,22,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as fuel for the altar fire in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
8811,826,Centaurea americana Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,58,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to skin sores.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
8834,832,Cephalanthus occidentalis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,51,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of roots taken for hemorrhages.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 51"
8867,837,Cercis canadensis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,32,3,Other,37,Fuel,Slender stems used for fuel during the winter.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 32"
8868,837,Cercis canadensis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,32,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flower welcomed as a sign of spring. This plant was esteemed because it is one of the earliest shrubs to flower in the spring.  The red or pink flowers which appear before the leaves gave rise to their saying 'pink flowers form into leaves.'  Flowering branches were used in the homes to 'drive winter out.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 32"
9759,927,Chrysobotrya odorata (Wendl.) Cockerell,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
9760,927,Chrysobotrya odorata (Wendl.) Cockerell,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jelly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
9972,964,Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,58,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Decoction of blossoms used as wash for burns.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
9973,964,Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,58,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of blossoms used as wash for sores.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
9974,964,Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,58,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
9975,964,Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,58,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
9976,964,Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,58,3,Other,58,Protection,Blossoms used to cover graves of those recently buried to keep the wolves from digging up the body.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
9977,964,Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,58,3,Other,58,Protection,Blossoms used to cover graves of those recently buried to keep the wolves from digging up the body.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
10080,979,Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,53,2,Drug,13,Poison,Unripened plant considered poisonous.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 53"
11610,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,53,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of peeled roots taken as an emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 53"
11611,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,53,3,Other,106,Soap,Fruit used to cleanse hides and clothes by rubbing the dried fruit into the stains before washing.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 53"
11612,1161,Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,53,3,Other,106,Soap,Fruit used to cleanse hides and clothes by rubbing the dried fruit into the stains before washing.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 53"
11893,1202,Cyperus schweinitzii Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Considered an excellent fodder for fattening horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
11991,1217,Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,,,Peeled stems used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
11992,1217,Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,,,Peeled stems used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
12003,1219,Dalea enneandra Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,32,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Erect, slender stems made into small arrows, with a thorn in the end, used to kill small animals.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 32"
12004,1219,Dalea enneandra Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Erect, slender stems made into small arrows, with a thorn in the end, used to kill small animals.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
12005,1219,Dalea enneandra Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,32,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Erect, slender stems made into small arrows, with a thorn in the end, used for games.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 32"
12006,1219,Dalea enneandra Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Erect, slender stems made into small arrows, with a thorn in the end, used for games.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
12284,1248,Delphinium carolinianum ssp. virescens (Nutt.) Brooks,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,28,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Small seeds used in peyote rattles.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 28"
12455,1290,Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used to fatten horses very quickly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
12826,1349,Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Ground root chewed for coughs.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
12827,1349,Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,57,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Ground root chewed for sore throats.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
13036,1383,Elymus canadensis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage and lemmas used as a palatable fodder for livestock.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
13037,1383,Elymus canadensis L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage and lemmas used as a palatable fodder for livestock.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
13727,1470,Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,60,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant considered an omen of good fortune and brought into the home.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"
13962,1497,Eriogonum annuum Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,24,5,Dye,,,Leaves rubbed on buffalo or deer hides in the process of staining and tanning.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 24"
13963,1497,Eriogonum annuum Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,24,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,"Leaves rubbed on buffalo or deer hides in the process of staining and tanning. The leaves were applied fresh, or, if the hide was dry, the leaves were moistened before application.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 24"
14078,1517,Eriogonum longifolium Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,25,1,Food,,,Root used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 25"
14606,1591,Euphorbia marginata Pursh,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,36,1,Food,85,Candy,Used for chewing gum.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 36"
14607,1591,Euphorbia marginata Pursh,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,36,1,Food,85,Candy,Used for chewing gum.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 36"
14608,1591,Euphorbia marginata Pursh,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,36,1,Food,85,Candy,Used for chewing gum.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 36"
15440,1677,Gaillardia pulchella Foug.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,60,3,Other,38,Decorations,Flowers used for ornaments in the homes.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"
15441,1677,Gaillardia pulchella Foug.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,60,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Flowers believed to bring luck.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"
16583,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,60,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Coagulated sap chewed, by the elders, to diminish thirst.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"
16584,1821,Helianthus annuus L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,60,1,Food,,,Seeds ground into a paste like consistency and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"
17239,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Dried foliage employed as a perfume.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17240,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Dried foliage employed as a perfume.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17241,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Dried foliage employed as a perfume.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17242,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Dried foliage employed as a perfume.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17243,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17244,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17245,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17246,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fragrant leaves used as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17247,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17248,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17249,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
17250,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,15,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15"
18296,2034,Juglans nigra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,21,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Decoction of root bark taken to kill 'worms.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
18297,2034,Juglans nigra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,20,5,Dye,228,Blue-Black,"Roots boiled to make a bluish, black dye for buffalo hides.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
18298,2034,Juglans nigra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,20,1,Food,,,Nuts used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 20"
19161,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Berries chewed for canker sores in the mouth.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
19162,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles thrown into the fire and used as incense during prayers in the peyote meeting.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
19163,2064,Juniperus virginiana L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Red, aromatic heartwood used to make 'love flutes.'","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
19235,2066,Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles thrown into the fire and used as incense during prayers in the peyote meeting.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
19236,2066,Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,13,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,"Red, aromatic heartwood used to make 'love flutes.'","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
20137,2166,Liatris punctata Hook.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,61,1,Food,,,"Springtime, sweet roots baked over a fire and eaten.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
20147,2167,Liatris punctata var. punctata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,61,1,Food,,,"Springtime, sweet roots baked over a fire and eaten.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
21245,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21246,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21247,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for colds.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21248,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plants applied for cuts.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21249,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of plants taken for fevers.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21250,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plants taken for intestinal ills.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21251,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for grippe and scarlet fever.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21252,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,54,Narcotic,Plant used as a narcotic.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21253,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plants applied for bruises.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21254,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plants taken as a panacea.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21255,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of plants taken for pneumonia and scarlet fever.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21256,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for tuberculosis.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21257,2271,Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of plants taken for venereal disease.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
21740,2355,Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Outer portion of the roots yielded a yellow dye.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
21741,2355,Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used as the favorite material for the staff held by singer in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
21742,2355,Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for making bows.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
22799,2444,Mentha sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,48,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of leaves taken for stomach troubles.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48"
22800,2444,Mentha sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,48,1,Food,85,Candy,Fresh leaves frequently chewed.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48"
23291,2507,Monarda pectinata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,49,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Flowers gathered, placed in water and the liquid sprinkled on the hair as a perfume.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 49"
23292,2507,Monarda pectinata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,49,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Flowers gathered, placed in water and the liquid sprinkled on the hair as a perfume.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 49"
23293,2507,Monarda pectinata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,49,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of flowers used as a wash for insect bites and stings.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 49"
24169,2600,Nymphaea sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,27,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers stewed or prepared like potatoes.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 27"
24335,2628,Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,3,Other,38,Decorations,Yellow flowers picked and brought into the house.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
24336,2628,Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,3,Other,38,Decorations,Yellow flowers picked and brought into the house.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
24822,2670,Opuntia sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Thorns used to puncture the skin for boils.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
24823,2670,Opuntia sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of peeled stems applied as a hemostat.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
24824,2670,Opuntia sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,1,Food,85,Candy,Ripe fruits gathered in large quantities and employed in making candy.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
24825,2670,Opuntia sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe fruits gathered in large quantities and used fresh in jams.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
24826,2670,Opuntia sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,1,Food,1,Preserves,Ripe fruits gathered in large quantities and used fresh in jams.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
24827,2670,Opuntia sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Sharp thorns used as points for small arrows to kill birds.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
24828,2670,Opuntia sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,45,3,Other,58,Protection,Cut stem secretion applied to buckskin moccasins as a varnish.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45"
25174,2711,Oxalis stricta L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,35,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves chewed on long walks to relieve thirst. The Kiowa name means 'salt weed.'  This name may indicate that there was an early realization that the loss of salt through perspiration may be counteracted by chewing the leaves of this plant.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 35"
25514,2751,Paronychia jamesii Torr. & Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,27,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used as a 'tea' plant.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 27"
25547,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,41,5,Dye,205,Pink,Fruits used as pink paint for skin and feathers worn in war dance.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 41"
25548,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,41,5,Dye,205,Pink,Fruits used as pink paint for skin and feathers worn in war dance.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 41"
25549,2757,Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,41,5,Dye,205,Pink,Fruits used as pink paint for skin and feathers worn in war dance.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 41"
25569,2762,Paspalum setaceum Michx.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a valuable fodder plant.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
25570,2762,Paspalum setaceum Michx.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,5,Forage,Used as a valuable pasture plant.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
25919,2811,Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,51,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 51"
26835,2931,Phytolacca americana L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,26,3,Other,125,Jewelry,"Dark, dry fruits used by girls to make necklaces.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 26"
28531,3007,Plantago virginica L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,51,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to make garlands or wreaths worn by old men around their heads for dances as symbol of health.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 51"
29375,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Used to make poles for the ceremonial tepee.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
29376,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to make smoke sticks for the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
29377,3098,Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,3,Other,37,Fuel,Used for fuel.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
29931,3152,Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29932,3152,Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29959,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29960,3153,Prosopis glandulosa Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29979,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29980,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29981,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,50,Fodder,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29982,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29983,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29984,3154,Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,33,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pounded beans and pods used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
30264,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit gathered in great quantities and used immediately.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
30265,3160,Prunus americana Marsh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Fruit gathered in great quantities, dried and stored for winter use.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
30431,3169,Prunus gracilis Engelm. & Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,30,1,Food,85,Candy,Dried fruit used as an ingredient in making candy.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
30432,3169,Prunus gracilis Engelm. & Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,30,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Dried fruit stored for winter use, eaten uncooked or pounded and made into cakes.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
30904,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
30905,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,30,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit dried in large quantities for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
30993,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh and dried in large quantities for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
30994,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,30,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
30995,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,30,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit dried in large quantities for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
30996,3183,Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,30,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit eaten fresh and dried in large quantities for winter use.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30"
31371,3206,Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,34,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Stout stem used as a fork to eat buffalo steak.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 34"
31813,3244,Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,61,1,Food,,,"Autumn, sweet roots used for food.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31814,3244,Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,61,1,Food,,,"Autumn, sweet roots used for food.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
31815,3244,Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,61,1,Food,,,"Autumn, sweet roots used for food.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 61"
32311,3276,Quercus nigra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,21,1,Food,27,Beverage,Acorns used to make a beverage.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
32312,3276,Quercus nigra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,21,1,Food,,,Acorns used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
32313,3276,Quercus nigra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,21,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood burned in the home and in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
32314,3276,Quercus nigra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,21,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used as a substitute for paper in rolling cigarettes.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
32406,3287,Quercus rubra var. rubra,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,21,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as a favorite fuel for the altar fire in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21"
32515,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,22,1,Food,27,Beverage,Acorns used to make a drink similar to coffee.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
32516,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,22,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried, pounded acorns used for food.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
32517,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,22,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
32518,3290,Quercus stellata Wangenh.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,22,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used as cigarette wrappers for the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
32621,3297,Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,50,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of roots taken or poultice of pounded roots applied for grippe.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
32622,3297,Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,50,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries gathered to make jelly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
32623,3297,Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,50,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries gathered to make jelly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
32624,3297,Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,50,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Bladdery envelope blown up by children and busted on the forehead.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
32625,3297,Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,50,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Bladdery envelope blown up by children and busted on the forehead.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 50"
32943,3347,Rhus glabra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,37,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used to 'purify' the body and mind.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
32944,3347,Rhus glabra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,37,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Plant used for tuberculosis.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
32945,3347,Rhus glabra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,37,5,Dye,172,Orange-Yellow,"Spring roots used as a yellow, orange dye.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
32946,3347,Rhus glabra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,37,5,Dye,172,Orange-Yellow,"Spring roots used as a yellow, orange dye.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
32947,3347,Rhus glabra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,37,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
32948,3347,Rhus glabra L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,37,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
33158,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Berries eaten for stomach troubles.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33159,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Berries eaten for grippe.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33160,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries boiled into a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33161,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries boiled into a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33162,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33163,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33164,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33165,3352,Rhus trilobata Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33249,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries boiled into a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33250,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries boiled into a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33251,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33252,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33253,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33254,3354,Rhus trilobata var. trilobata,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,39,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
33364,3360,Ribes aureum var. villosum DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Poultice of plant parts applied to snakebites.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
33365,3360,Ribes aureum var. villosum DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten raw.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
33366,3360,Ribes aureum var. villosum DC.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,29,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jelly.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29"
36198,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatic aches.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36199,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a wash for pneumonia.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36200,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothaches.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36201,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used in construction of summer shelters.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36202,3551,Salix sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,19,3,Other,58,Protection,Leafy stems used to make wreathes worn by the women and children as sunshades during long walks.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19"
36924,3570,Sambucus sp.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,52,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 52"
37120,3584,Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L. Benson,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,41,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of sap applied to wounds.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 41"
37724,3652,Senna occidentalis (L.) Link,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground seeds boiled to make a coffee-like beverage.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
37725,3652,Senna occidentalis (L.) Link,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,1,Food,27,Beverage,Ground seeds boiled to make a coffee-like beverage.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
37726,3652,Senna occidentalis (L.) Link,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
37727,3652,Senna occidentalis (L.) Link,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,31,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 31"
37961,3668,Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,46,1,Food,85,Candy,Outer bark yields a mucilaginous substance used as chewing gum.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 46"
37962,3669,Sideroxylon lanuginosum ssp. lanuginosum,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,46,1,Food,85,Candy,Outer bark yields a mucilaginous substance used as chewing gum.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 46"
38232,3713,Smilax rotundifolia L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,18,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used to block the path of pursuers because of its sharp thorns and its scandent nature.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
38233,3713,Smilax rotundifolia L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,18,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used in an old hide and seek game.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
38592,3766,Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a fodder for horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38593,3766,Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used as a fodder for horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38594,3766,Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stems and leaves used by children to make grass whistles.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38595,3766,Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,16,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stems and leaves used by children to make grass whistles.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38625,3771,Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Flowers appealed to the esthetic nature, picked and used for bouquets in the home.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
38626,3771,Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,43,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Flowers appealed to the esthetic nature, picked and used for bouquets in the home.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43"
38783,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38784,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38785,3806,Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38945,3836,Stillingia sylvatica Garden ex L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,37,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Plant considered a rain symbol because the dry land terrapins get under it for shade.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37"
39368,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of young leaves taken by women for menstrual cramps.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
39369,3894,Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young leaves used as greens.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
40481,3975,Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,38,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for running or non-healing sores.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 38"
40482,3975,Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,38,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Whole or broken leaves rubbed over boils or skin eruptions.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 38"
41526,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Fresh, inner bark used as a masticatory.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
41527,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,1,Food,27,Beverage,Inner bark used to brew a 'tea.',"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
41528,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Dried, stored inner bark used to brew a 'tea' during the winter.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
41529,4052,Ulmus rubra Muhl.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,23,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Forked branches used for the saddle frames.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23"
42939,4120,Vernonia missurica Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plants used as a wash for dandruff.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
42940,4120,Vernonia missurica Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,5,Dye,161,Purple,Flowers used as a purple dye.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
42941,4120,Vernonia missurica Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Tall stems used as an overnight bed. Tall stems gathered, piled six inches thick on the ground and arranged in a rectangular form.  Used when traveling.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
42942,4120,Vernonia missurica Raf.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,62,1,Food,85,Candy,"Pressed blossoms made into small wads for a short, sweet chew.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62"
43399,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,42,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Grapes gathered in large quantities and dried for later use.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
43400,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,42,1,Food,52,Fruit,Grapes gathered in large quantities and eaten raw.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
43401,4173,Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,42,1,Food,1,Preserves,Grapes gathered in large quantities and made into jams and jellies.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42"
44123,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,18,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Plant used for dandruff, baldness and skin irritations.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
44124,4230,Yucca glauca Nutt.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,18,3,Other,106,Soap,Root used to wash clothes and hair.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18"
44445,4244,Zea mays L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,50,Fodder,Valued as a fodder for livestock.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
44446,4244,Zea mays L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,1,Food,,,Valued as a food.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
44447,4244,Zea mays L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,17,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Shucks used for cigarette wrappings and used in the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"