id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
8,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,86,Haisla,14,c93,173,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pitch applied to the face of mourners.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
9,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Boughs used as a 'bush sleigh' to pull cargo across deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
10,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of bark taken for stomach ulcers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
11,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for hemorrhoids.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
12,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,3,Other,32,Containers,Boughs used to line oolichan ripening pits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
13,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,316,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark used medicinally.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316"
14,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,316,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316"
20,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Pitch boiled with grease or pitch and sugar and taken for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
269,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
270,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
271,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,3,Other,167,Designs,Tree used as a design on wooden drums.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
467,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,86,Haisla,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into rattles and used by shamans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
468,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
469,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make frontispieces for chief's masks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
470,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
471,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make axe handles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
472,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make the skulls for the shamanistic costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
473,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,82,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 82"
812,38,Achillea millefolium L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,220,2,Drug,,,Plants placed on heated rocks and rising vapors used for unspecified illness.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 220"
813,38,Achillea millefolium L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,220,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 220"
1958,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
2084,140,Allium cepa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194"
2093,140,Allium cepa L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,77,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 77"
2122,141,Allium cernuum Roth,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,193,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs cooked and eaten and the tops eaten fresh with meat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 193"
2155,141,Allium cernuum Roth,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,76,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76"
2502,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,86,Haisla,14,c93,224,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood burned for boiling oolichan grease.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2503,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,224,1,Food,83,Preservative,Wood used to smoke fish and meat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2504,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,224,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark dyed red and used for ritual applications.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2505,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,224,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make dishes to serve oolichan grease.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224"
2516,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,328,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for drying and smoking salmon both as a fuel and as a flavoring agent.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 328"
2517,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,328,3,Other,169,Preservative,Wood used for drying and smoking salmon both as a fuel and as a flavoring agent.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 328"
2558,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,5,Dye,136,Red,Bark used to make a red dye.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
2559,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used to make tool handles, canoe bailers, masks and rattles.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
2560,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make masks and rattles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
2561,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as fuel for smoking fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
2562,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to make rattles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
2563,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,86,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make tool handles and canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
2674,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,78,Gitksan,14,c93,225,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Pistillate catkins eaten for 'throwing blood out.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225"
2675,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,78,Gitksan,14,c93,225,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Pistillate catkins crushed and eaten raw as a physic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225"
2677,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,78,Gitksan,14,c93,225,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of pistillate catkins taken for gonorrhea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225"
2678,177,Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,225,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225"
2974,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,341,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 341"
3063,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,86,Haisla,14,c93,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries combined with other fruits and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263"
3064,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,263,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263"
3065,205,Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
3507,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,32,Containers,Hollow stems used to collect liquid Sitka spruce pitch.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3508,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves chewed and juice rubbed on the body to mask the human smell.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3509,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,106,Soap,Leaves used with devil's club to wash the human smell from one's body.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3510,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,1,Food,,,Leaves and stems used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3511,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,211,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Hollow stems used to make whistles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211"
3682,286,Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,145,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Plant used in earth ovens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 145"
3919,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,262,1,Food,85,Candy,Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262"
4582,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mashed, mixed with grease and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4583,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,239,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries mixed with high bush cranberries or Pacific crabapples and featured at winter feasts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4584,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,239,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves smoked like tobacco.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4613,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4614,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,239,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4637,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,239,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4638,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,239,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239"
4777,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,270,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 270"
4779,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,344,1,Food,,,Roots mixed with sugar and oolichan grease and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 344"
4790,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,110,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 110"
4793,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,344,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 344"
5871,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,85,Haihais,14,c93,342,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
5872,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,342,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
6766,529,Avena sativa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,205,1,Food,,,Grains used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 205"
7315,581,Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,226,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used for carving.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 226"
7366,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,153,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by mountain goats and deer.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 153"
7367,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,153,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plants transplanted to pots and used as house plants.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 153"
7458,612,Bovista pila Berk. & Curt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
7459,613,Bovista plumbea Pers.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
7460,614,Bovistella sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
7513,619,Brassica oleracea L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Species used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 227"
7514,619,Brassica oleracea L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,328,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 328"
7520,620,Brassica rapa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,227,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 227"
7521,620,Brassica rapa L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,329,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 329"
7523,620,Brassica rapa L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,89,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 89"
7606,644,Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant burned into black powder and used to make wood paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
7607,645,Bryoria glabra (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant burned into black powder and used to make wood paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
7608,646,Bryoria trichodes (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant burned into black powder and used to make wood paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
7809,688,Calvatia sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
7907,702,Camassia sp.,86,Haisla,14,c93,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194"
7916,704,Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
7918,704,Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
7945,717,Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make paint for wooden items.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
7946,718,Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Muell. Arg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,141,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make paint for wooden items.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 141"
9078,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9079,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make regular and racing paddles for canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9080,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark woven into capes and loincloths.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9081,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven into blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9082,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to make carved items and masks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9083,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wooden pegs used to hold together bent boxes of red cedar.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9084,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Rods struck with Pacific crabapple sticks or yew wood to make noise to herd animals while hunting.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9085,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,159,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159"
9092,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9093,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9094,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Wood used to make bows, adze handles, paddles and storage containers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9095,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality clothing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9096,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make hats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9097,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9098,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark pounded and used to make fine quality blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9099,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9100,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make storage containers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9101,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows and paddles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9102,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,313,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make adze handles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9127,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes and canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9128,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make robes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9129,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9130,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9131,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make containers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9132,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood carved into totem poles and masks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9133,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,61,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make implements.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9296,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,339,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fibers used to make fishing nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 339"
9326,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,86,Haisla,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9327,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,86,Haisla,14,c93,257,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,"Leaves used to wipe hands, especially after handling slimy fish.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
9328,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,257,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Plant used to make twine, cordage and binding.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
9329,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,257,1,Food,,,Young shoots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
9330,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,257,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used to make oolichan nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257"
9331,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9332,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9333,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,106,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9334,883,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,106,1,Food,,,Young shoots eaten as a spring food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
9836,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,212,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 212"
9897,946,Cicuta virosa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,212,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 212"
10094,983,Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
10100,986,Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
10416,1033,Clintonia uniflora (Menzies ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kunth,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,194,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant applied to wounds and decoction of plant used to wash the body.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194"
10417,1033,Clintonia uniflora (Menzies ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kunth,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,194,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice of plant applied to the eyes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194"
10556,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,85,Haihais,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10557,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,86,Haisla,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10558,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,213,1,Food,,,Roots steamed and eaten with oolichan grease.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 213"
10559,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10560,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10561,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 325"
10566,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10567,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10568,1059,Conioselinum gmelinii (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
10581,1064,Conocephalum conicum,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,145,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Plant pulverized, mixed with mountain goat fat and used for sunburns.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 145"
10582,1064,Conocephalum conicum,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,145,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make a green paint for wood.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 145"
10836,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,234,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Berries mashed, mixed with oolichan grease and eaten as a dessert.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 234"
10837,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,234,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 234"
11046,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,233,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 233"
11047,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,233,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Leaves used to wipe fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 233"
11048,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,233,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to string fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 233"
11119,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to make arrows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 92"
11120,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make fishing hooks and salmon tethering poles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 92"
11121,1102,Cornus sericea ssp. sericea,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,92,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems used to make drying frames for beaver skins.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 92"
11152,1105,Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,234,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Berries mashed, mixed with oolichan grease and eaten as a dessert.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 234"
11153,1105,Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,234,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 234"
11154,1105,Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,331,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331"
11155,1105,Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,93,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 93"
11156,1105,Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,93,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 93"
11391,1124,Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263"
12249,1245,Daucus carota L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,214,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"
12255,1245,Daucus carota L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,325,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 325"
12259,1245,Daucus carota L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,83,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 83"
12715,1342,Dryopteris sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,149,1,Food,5,Forage,Rootstocks eaten by mountain goats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 149"
12716,1342,Dryopteris sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,149,3,Other,32,Containers,Fronds used to pack freshly caught salmon to prevent them from drying out.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 149"
12717,1342,Dryopteris sp.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,149,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes, rootstocks and stipe bases steamed and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 149"
12719,1342,Dryopteris sp.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,312,2,Drug,122,Antidote,Rhizomes used as an antidote for food poisoning.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 312"
12720,1342,Dryopteris sp.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,312,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Rhizomes and stipe bases used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 312"
12721,1342,Dryopteris sp.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,53,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53"
12722,1342,Dryopteris sp.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,53,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Roots used as a shamanistic device in the tsaika ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53"
12953,1372,Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,125,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Plant used to collect herring roe, dried and eaten with the roe.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 125"
12955,1372,Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,302,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 302"
12956,1372,Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,44,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant and herring eggs dried for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 44"
12957,1372,Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,44,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 44"
12958,1372,Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,44,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Plant and herring eggs salted and stored for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 44"
13029,1381,Elliottia pyroliflorus (Bong.) S.W. Brim & P.F. Stevens,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,332,2,Drug,258,Dietary Aid,Decoction of plant used as an appetite stimulant.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 332"
13091,1393,Empetrum nigrum L.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,332,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 332"
13300,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,156,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by geese.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 156"
13474,1427,Equisetum scirpoides Michx.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,156,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by grizzly bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 156"
14658,1601,Exobasidium sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,1,Food,,,Galls used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14784,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for some aspects of the secret society rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14785,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant placed at entrance of special shamanistic dance house as protection from bad spirits & ghosts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14786,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as hand protection for handling live coals during a secret society ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14787,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant thrown into the stream and used as a target by young boys for spear practice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14788,1621,Fomes sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used as a ball in a women's and children's game.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14790,1621,Fomes sp.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,49,3,Other,26,Paint,"Whole plant made into a white powder, sometimes mixed with coloring, and used to make a paint.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 49"
14792,1622,Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill ex Fries) Bond. & Sing.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,138,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of ground plant taken for tuberculosis.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 138"
14794,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for some aspects of the secret society rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14795,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant placed at entrance of special shamanistic dance house as protection from bad spirits & ghosts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14796,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as hand protection for handling live coals during a secret society ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14797,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant thrown into the stream and used as a target by young boys for spear practice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14798,1624,Fomitopsis sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used as a ball in a women's and children's game.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
14838,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,342,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
14843,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14844,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14856,1633,Fragaria chiloensis ssp. lucida (Vilm.) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14857,1633,Fragaria chiloensis ssp. lucida (Vilm.) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14858,1634,Fragaria chiloensis ssp. pacifica Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14859,1634,Fragaria chiloensis ssp. pacifica Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14888,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,342,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
14899,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14900,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
14930,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14931,1638,Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
14994,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,342,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
15017,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
15018,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,108,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108"
15033,1641,Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
15034,1641,Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,264,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264"
15089,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,262,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of bark used as a laxative.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262"
15359,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,196,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten with western dock.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 196"
15360,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,196,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flowers used on costumes for the New Year 'flower dance.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 196"
15361,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,196,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Flower appearance signals the 'Indian New Year.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 196"
15365,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,320,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320"
15367,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,77,1,Food,,,"Bulbs boiled, mixed with oolichan grease and sugar and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 77"
15392,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,125,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Plant used to collect herring roe, dried and eaten with the roe.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 125"
15393,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,125,3,Other,17,Tools,Plant used with an open fire to steam heat kerfed boards to bend into red cedar bentwood boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 125"
15401,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,44,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Bladders squeezed and popped by children for entertainment.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 44"
15543,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for some aspects of the secret society rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15544,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant placed at entrance of special shamanistic dance house as protection from bad spirits & ghosts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15545,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as hand protection for handling live coals during a secret society ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15546,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant thrown into the stream and used as a target by young boys for spear practice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15547,1695,Ganoderma sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used as a ball in a women's and children's game.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
15627,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,240,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 240"
15635,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,333,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 333"
15669,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten as fresh fruit.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
15670,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with stink currants, sugar and oolichan grease and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
15671,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam or jelly.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
15672,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches tied into a bunch and used for whipping soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
15771,1716,Gentiana douglasiana Bong.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,252,1,Food,85,Candy,Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 252"
16825,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,86,Haisla,14,c93,214,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of roots, Indian hellebore and Sitka spruce pitch applied to wounds.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"
16827,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,214,1,Food,,,Petioles considered 'the main food in spring.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"
16828,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,214,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used to play a game by throwing the plant into a pot.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"
16829,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,214,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stems used to make whistles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 214"
16843,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,326,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young stems and petioles eaten as a spring vegetable.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326"
16894,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,84,1,Food,,,Stems and petioles peeled and used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 84"
16954,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,326,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Petioles rubbed on fishing gear to insure success in fishing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326"
17182,1894,Hierochloe alpina ssp. alpina,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
17237,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Blades used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
18474,2054,Juniperus communis L.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,,,Plant used for many medicinal applications.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
18475,2054,Juniperus communis L.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
18476,2054,Juniperus communis L.,86,Haisla,14,c93,160,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make rattles worn on belts by shamans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 160"
18477,2054,Juniperus communis L.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,160,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Heated poultice of branch and 'berry' paste applied to wounds and cuts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 160"
18478,2054,Juniperus communis L.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,62,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used as a part of a process of preparation undergone by shamanistic initiates.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 62"
18483,2054,Juniperus communis L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,314,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant rubbed on the back for good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
18505,2054,Juniperus communis L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,62,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for ritualistic purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 62"
19089,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Plant used for mouth hemorrhages.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19091,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Plant used as a purgative.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19093,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for cuts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19094,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Plant used as a diuretic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19096,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant used for kidney troubles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19098,2063,Juniperus sp.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,314,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Plant used as a strengthener.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 314"
19276,2072,Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19277,2072,Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19278,2072,Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,241,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of leaves used for vomiting and spitting blood.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19279,2072,Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,241,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of leaves used for vomiting.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19280,2072,Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,241,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves used for spitting blood.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19281,2072,Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,241,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Decoction of leaves used for vomiting and spitting blood.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19797,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19798,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,2,Drug,345,Dietary Aid,Decoction of leaves and small branches taken to increase the appetite.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19799,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for tuberculosis.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19800,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,241,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241"
19803,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,333,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of dried leaves used for colds and other respiratory ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 333"
19804,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,333,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Decoction of dried leaves used for colds and other respiratory ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 333"
19805,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,333,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make a beverage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 333"
19838,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken as a cold medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
19839,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for sore throat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
19840,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,96,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves used to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 96"
19988,2153,Letharia vulpina,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,49,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Thalli used to make a yellow dye.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 49"
20107,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,205,3,Other,32,Containers,Blades used to line oolichan ripening pits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 205"
20108,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,205,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Blades used to tie Pacific silverweed roots together before steaming.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 205"
21165,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,229,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Fruit juice used for sore eyes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
21166,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,229,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of inner bark used for sore eyes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
21191,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,229,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Leaves or bark used for coughs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
21192,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,229,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves or bark used for boils and itchy areas.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
21193,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,229,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Leaves or bark used for gonorrhea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
21198,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,89,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 89"
21324,2293,Lupinus littoralis Dougl.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,249,1,Food,,,Roots peeled and eaten raw.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 249"
21337,2298,Lupinus nootkatensis var. fruticosus Sims,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,249,1,Food,,,Roots peeled and eaten raw.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 249"
21339,2299,Lupinus nootkatensis var. nootkatensis,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,249,1,Food,,,Roots peeled and eaten raw.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 249"
21370,2306,Lupinus sp.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,337,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 337"
21483,2319,Lycoperdon sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,134,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Spores dangerous, especially harmful to the eyes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 134"
21492,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,157,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used as a belt for the blankets that were worn.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 157"
21496,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,59,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Plant used to make a decorative necklace worn during festive occasions.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 59"
21602,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,189,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of pounded root paste applied to burns.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189"
21603,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,189,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Roots used experimentally for bloody urine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189"
21604,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,189,1,Food,5,Forage,"Roots eaten by black and grizzly bears after hibernation, to cleanse and strengthen their stomachs.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189"
21605,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,189,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used as a mat when drying berries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189"
21606,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,189,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used to wrap western hemlock cambium, bear meat and porcupine meat while cooking.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189"
21616,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,320,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Spadices on sticks thrown by children in distance contests.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320"
21651,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,76,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots eaten by bears after emerging from hibernation.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76"
21652,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,76,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to line berry baskets to prevent the berries from falling through holes in the baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76"
21653,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,76,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves folded into makeshift cups.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76"
21690,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,320,3,Other,32,Containers,"Leaves used to cover and wrap foods during collection, transit, storage or cooking.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320"
21691,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,320,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to line cooking pits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320"
21692,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,320,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used as an underlay for drying berries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320"
21751,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,127,1,Food,,,"Plant used to collect herring roe, dried and eaten with the roe.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 127"
21752,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,127,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant traded for oolichan grease and smoked oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 127"
21754,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,303,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 303"
21755,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,113,Kitkatla,14,c93,127,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant traded for oolichan grease and smoked oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 127"
21757,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,45,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant and herring eggs dried for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 45"
21758,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,45,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 45"
21759,2357,Macrocystis integrifolia Bory,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,45,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Plant and herring eggs preserved in brine for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 45"
22046,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,198,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 198"
22050,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,321,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 321"
22055,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,78,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of water soaked, bruised leaves applied to wounds.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 78"
22056,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,78,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by frogs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 78"
22079,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,200,1,Food,27,Beverage,Juice mixed with Pacific crabapples and high bush cranberries and drunk.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 200"
22091,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,321,2,Drug,,,Plant used for medicinal purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 321"
22214,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),"Fruit eaten after a long day of hunting, 'kills poison in muscles.'","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22215,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Afterbirth of a child tied to a young tree to ensure the child would grow up strong.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22216,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22217,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit boiled and stored in the cooking water or oil for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22218,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Sticks used to strike rods of cedar to make noise while driving animals to be killed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22219,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22220,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make root digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22221,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make sledgehammer handles and mallet heads.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22222,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,265,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Sticks used to retrieve special cooking stones used for cooking edible seaweed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265"
22227,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,342,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruit used as a food item associated with ceremonial situations.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
22228,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,342,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit stored in water and topped with mammal or fish grease or oil.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342"
22264,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Bark chewed by hunters to suppress thirst.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
22265,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit boiled and stored under grease in special boxes for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
22266,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Overripe fruit cooked with sugar and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
22267,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,109,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 109"
22302,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,270,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 270"
22314,2394,Malus pumila P. Mill.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,110,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 110"
23169,2499,Mnium affine,29,"Carrier, Southern",14,c93,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used to bathe a swollen face.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53"
23170,2500,Mnium punctatum L.,133,Makah,14,c93,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used for swellings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53"
23394,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,261,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 261"
23395,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,261,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Plant chewed for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 261"
23400,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,261,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed plant applied to swellings and blisters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 261"
23401,2518,Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,261,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed plant applied to swellings and blisters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 261"
23696,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,128,3,Other,167,Designs,Plant heads used as the design for the horizontal timber ends of the Killer Whale house.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 128"
23700,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,303,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stipes used to make fishing lines.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 303"
23728,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,46,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 46"
23729,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,46,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Plant and herring eggs salted for storage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 46"
23730,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,46,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stipes used to make fishing lines.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 46"
23741,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,303,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Stipes used to make fishing lines.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 303"
23877,2583,Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,350,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for smoking.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 350"
23971,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,291,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Juice rubbed on the hands and feet for rheumatism.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 291"
23972,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,291,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for chewing and smoking.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 291"
23985,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,118,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves chewed and smoked.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 118"
23996,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,350,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for chewing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 350"
24095,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,256,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of rhizomes taken for tuberculosis.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 256"
24096,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,256,2,Drug,,,Decoction of rhizomes taken as medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 256"
24098,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,339,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant and devil's club used for unspecified woman's illness.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 339"
24213,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,343,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 343"
24238,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,216,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly toxic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 216"
24240,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,326,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Roots used as a purgative.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326"
24241,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,326,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Roots used as an emetic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326"
24243,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,216,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 216"
24244,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,326,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Roots used as an emetic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326"
24248,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,216,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 216"
24252,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,326,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Roots eaten as an emetic to seek supernatural powers and purify.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326"
24462,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,86,Haisla,14,c93,217,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant made into black face paint and used by warriors.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24463,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of pounded leaves applied to arthritic joints.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24464,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Inner bark placed in wounds followed by an application of Sitka spruce pitch.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24465,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Juice used for sores.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24466,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction or infusion of plant and sea water taken as an emetic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24467,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant used as an eyewash for cataracts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24468,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Decoction of stem bark, stems or winter roots used as an eyewash for cataracts.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24469,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Juice taken for stomach sickness.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24470,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction or infusion taken as a laxative.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24471,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark used for ritual purification.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24472,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,"Bark used for the acquisition of luck by hunters, fishers and shamanistic initiates.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24473,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant used by bathing black bear and brought observer good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24474,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant used to bring good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24475,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,26,Paint,"Bark charred, mixed with pounded salmon eggs and used as black face paint for dancing.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24476,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,58,Protection,Bark made into face paint and used by shamans to repel enemy spirits from the shaman's patient.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24477,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used to cleanse areas where people had died.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24478,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,3,Other,106,Soap,Decoction or infusion of bark used to wipe one's body after bathing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24479,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,217,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion or decoction of plant taken for winter colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217"
24483,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,327,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used by hunters in a bath to remove the human smell.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 327"
24517,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth taken for general aches and pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24518,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Roots used in a bath for rheumatism.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24519,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth taken for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24520,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant boiled and vapor inhaled for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24521,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Berries mashed into a foam and rubbed into the scalp for head lice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24522,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth taken for any kind of sickness.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24523,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,13,Poison,Berries considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24524,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth used as a tonic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24525,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,85,1,Food,,,"Young, spring buds boiled and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85"
24549,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,327,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant used by shamans, novices and warriors for power seeking.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 327"
24928,2691,Oryza sativa L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,207,1,Food,75,Staple,Grains used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207"
24929,2691,Oryza sativa L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,324,1,Food,,,Grains used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 324"
24930,2691,Oryza sativa L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,81,1,Food,,,Grains used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 81"
25793,2793,Peltigera sp.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of whole, pounded plants and spruce pitch applied to wounds.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 50"
25794,2793,Peltigera sp.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,50,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Poultice of chewed, whole plants and pitch applied by black and grizzly bears to wounds.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 50"
27170,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,86,Haisla,14,c93,175,3,Other,145,Lighting,Pitch applied to the ends of red cedar torches used in night fishing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27171,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of pitch, Indian hellebore roots and rhizomes applied to sore areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27172,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Inner bark chewed for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27173,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Inner bark chewed for coughs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27174,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of boiled pitch applied to cuts, sores, boils and wounds.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27175,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Pitch chewed as a breath freshener.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27176,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Pitch chewed everyday for tuberculosis.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27177,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots mixed with red cedar bark and used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27178,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch chewed like chewing gum.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27179,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,32,Containers,Roots and red cedar bark used to make bag like implement for the oolichan grease rendering process.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27180,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Branches and roots made into pegs, dipped in pitch and used as nails to hold together bent boxes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27181,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into rake like implements and used to catch herring and oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27182,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27183,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make oolichan spears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27184,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make a bark peeling tool.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27185,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27186,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of dried bough tips taken for constipation.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27187,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,175,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs used to hit & rub boys as part of a ritual treatment to increase their strength & tolerance.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175"
27199,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,317,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used by hunters as shelter.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27200,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,317,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Inner bark cooked and dried for later use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27201,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,317,3,Other,58,Protection,Prickly leaves used to discourage and repel animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27243,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of bark used as a soak for soreness.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27244,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Pitch mixed with badge moss and used for arthritic joints.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27245,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch boiled and used for dermatitis.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27246,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch mixed with pounded dogtooth lichens and used for wounds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27247,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark used for gastrointestinal difficulties.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27248,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,,,Pitch eaten as medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27249,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used for structural elements in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27250,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,1,Food,85,Candy,Pitch boiled and used for chewing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
27275,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,317,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,"Boughs used by shamans, hunters and fishers during preparatory and purification rituals.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27276,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,317,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Boughs used by shamans, hunters and fishers during preparatory and purification rituals.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317"
27352,2948,Pinguicula vulgaris L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,106,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Dried roots kept for good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106"
27488,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,86,Haisla,14,c93,178,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make maul heads.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178"
27489,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,178,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Smoldering twigs applied to arthritic or injured joints for the pain and swelling.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178"
27490,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,178,3,Other,26,Paint,Twigs burned and used as a pigment material for tattoos.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178"
27491,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,178,3,Other,17,Tools,Smoldering twigs used to singe and trim hair.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178"
27492,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,70,2,Drug,,,Buds and pitch used medicinally.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70"
27493,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,70,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70"
27494,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,70,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Pitch used to trap hummingbirds and the bird's hearts used in love medicines.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70"
27495,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,70,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make implements.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70"
27498,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,318,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
27499,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,318,3,Other,58,Protection,Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
28316,2981,Piper nigrum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,259,1,Food,86,Spice,Used for seasoning.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 259"
28350,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,52,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Heated or cooled poultice of boiled plant and Sitka spruce pitch applied to sore and swollen joints.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 52"
28351,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,52,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled plant and Sitka spruce pitch applied to cuts for the swelling.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 52"
28352,2994,Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,52,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Plant dried, chewed for the juice and swallowed for internal ailments.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 52"
28353,2995,Plagiomnium juniperinum,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,53,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plant used as an anti-swelling medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53"
28981,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,86,Haisla,14,c93,158,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Rhizomes used for chest pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 158"
28982,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,86,Haisla,14,c93,158,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Rhizomes used for shortness of breath.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 158"
28983,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,158,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Rhizomes used for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 158"
28984,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,158,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Rhizomes used for coughs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 158"
28985,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,158,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed or sucked for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 158"
28991,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,312,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Rhizomes used for coughs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 312"
28992,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,312,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes used for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 312"
29006,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,59,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Rhizomes chewed for coughs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 59"
29007,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,59,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 59"
29058,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for some aspects of the secret society rituals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29059,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant placed at entrance of special shamanistic dance house as protection from bad spirits & ghosts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29060,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as hand protection for handling live coals during a secret society ritual.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29061,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant thrown into the stream and used as a target by young boys for spear practice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29062,3083,Polyporus sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,135,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Plant used as a ball in a women's and children's game.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 135"
29129,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Leaves used to make a 'hula hula skirt' as part of the costume of some male, tsaika dancers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
29130,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used as a mat under fish when cleaning and cutting.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
29131,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,56,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a liner for oolichan bins and pits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 56"
29284,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Buds cooked with mountain goat fat and rubbed on the face for sunburn.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29285,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Buds cooked with mountain goat fat and rubbed on the body to soften the skin.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29286,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Buds used to make a hair dressing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29287,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29288,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,3,Other,100,Preservative,Wood dried and used for smoking salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29289,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,284,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Seed 'wool' spun and used to make blankets and toques.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 284"
29307,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,164,Nisga,14,c93,349,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 349"
29321,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,116,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Buds boiled with grease, strained, combined with an unknown ingredient and used as hair dressing.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
29322,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,116,1,Food,,,Cambium used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
29323,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,116,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Buds used as a binding agent to glue duck feathers to red cedar hoops used for festive applications.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
29608,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,86,Haisla,14,c93,286,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of bark taken as a laxative.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 286"
29609,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,286,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Leaves used for mouth abscesses.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 286"
29698,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,131,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant gathered and dried for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131"
29699,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,131,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,"Plant dried, crushed and sprinkled on various foods as a condiment.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131"
29700,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,131,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken or poultice applied for any kind of sickness in the stomach or body.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131"
29701,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,131,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant applied to broken collarbones.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131"
29702,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,131,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plant taken or poultice applied for any kind of sickness in the stomach or body.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131"
29703,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,304,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Plant pressed into boxes to form compressed cakes, dried and stored for future use.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 304"
29704,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,304,1,Food,,,Plant eaten with salmon roe or butter clams.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 304"
29705,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,47,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Whole plant formed into flat sheets, pressed in boxes, dried and made into cakes.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 47"
29706,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,47,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Whole plant dried for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 47"
29707,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,47,1,Food,,,"Whole plant cooked and eaten with salmon eggs, cooked salmon, clams, herring eggs and other foods.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 47"
29708,3108,Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,304,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 304"
30342,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,272,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used for carving.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 272"
30343,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,272,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 272"
30693,3178,Prunus sp.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,111,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 111"
30891,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,273,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to oral abscesses.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"
30892,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,273,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruit eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"
30893,3182,Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"
31073,3188,Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) Choisy,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,143,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used to make black paint for wood.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 143"
31151,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,86,Haisla,14,c93,179,2,Drug,,,"Poultice of pitch and roasted, pounded frogs applied for unspecified serious illness.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31152,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,86,Haisla,14,c93,179,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make herring and oolichan rakes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31153,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,179,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Pitch used for bindings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31154,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,179,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of green bark taken for bleeding bowels and stomach troubles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31155,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,179,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of green bark taken for excessive menstruation.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31156,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,179,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Pitch chewed for sore throats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179"
31170,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,318,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as an excellent fuel source.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
31183,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,70,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Wood used for firewood, especially for cooking fish.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70"
31490,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,58,3,Other,37,Fuel,"Rhizomes chewed, used as punk in a clam shell and placed in a fire.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 58"
32805,3330,Rheum rhabarbarum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,259,1,Food,,,Petioles used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 259"
32806,3330,Rheum rhabarbarum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,340,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Stalks used to make pie.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 340"
32807,3330,Rheum rhabarbarum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,340,1,Food,1,Preserves,Stalks used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 340"
33375,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,86,Haisla,14,c93,253,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for impetigo.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 253"
33376,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,86,Haisla,14,c93,253,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Roots used as a birthing aid.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 253"
33377,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,253,2,Drug,,,Roots used for unspecified type of medicine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 253"
33378,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,253,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Fruit cooked & stored underground in barrels with elderberries & cooked western dock for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 253"
33381,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,338,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 338"
33388,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with salal berries, oolichan grease and sugar and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 103"
33479,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,254,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 254"
33488,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 104"
33557,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,254,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 254"
33563,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,104,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 104"
33589,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,255,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 255"
33598,3376,Ribes laxiflorum Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,105,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 105"
34107,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,273,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves dried and mixed with American red raspberry leaves to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"
34108,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,273,1,Food,,,Hips mixed with oolichan grease and sugar and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"
34109,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,273,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flowers used in 'flower dance' costume.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 273"
34114,3429,Rosa nutkana var. nutkana,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,111,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, wild parsnip, salmonberry, gooseberry and mask represented a child in a ceremonial dance.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 111"
34407,3447,Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,278,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 278"
34408,3447,Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,348,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 348"
34529,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,274,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves mixed with young Nootka rose leaves to make tea.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 274"
34530,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,274,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 274"
34538,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,345,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 345"
34557,3454,Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,111,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 111"
34657,3458,Rubus leucodermis var. leucodermis,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 275"
34658,3458,Rubus leucodermis var. leucodermis,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,348,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 348"
34659,3458,Rubus leucodermis var. leucodermis,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34791,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,86,Haisla,14,c93,276,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries used to make dried berry cakes for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 276"
34792,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,276,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to whip soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 276"
34832,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Fall, brown leaves used to make tea.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34833,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34834,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34835,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,112,1,Food,,,Sprouts used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112"
34873,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,346,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 346"
34874,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,346,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Leaves used to wipe slime from salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 346"
34879,3465,Rubus pedatus Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,278,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by porcupines and groundhogs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 278"
34880,3465,Rubus pedatus Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,278,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten in small quantities.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 278"
34881,3465,Rubus pedatus Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,346,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 346"
34963,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make homemade wine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34964,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34965,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34966,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,1,Food,47,Special Food,Young sprouts peeled and served as a featured item at salmonberry sprout feasts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34967,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flower used in 'flower dance' costume and in shamanistic performances.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34968,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to whip soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34969,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,279,3,Other,115,Season Indicator,Plant used as an indicator for picking edible seaweed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279"
34978,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,347,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 347"
34979,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,347,1,Food,,,"Sprouts peeled and eaten fresh or steamed with oolichan grease, salmon or salmon roe.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 347"
35002,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,113,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, wild parsnip, gooseberry and rose used in the dance of Winwina.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35005,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35006,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35007,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,,,Sprouts used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35008,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35009,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant, wild parsnip, gooseberry, rose and mask represented a child in a ceremonial dance.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35010,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,113,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used as a mat under any kind of berries and hemlock cambium when drying.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 113"
35085,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,282,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 282"
35170,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,1,Food,,,Leaves eaten by children.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35192,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,86,Haisla,14,c93,260,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Plant used as a laxative.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35193,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves and stems eaten with oolichan grease and sugar.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35194,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded leaves and stems applied to sores and other painful areas.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35195,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pounded leaves and stems applied to sores and other painful areas.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35196,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of root paste applied to cuts and boils.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35197,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Roots cooked and inserted into wounds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35198,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant formerly used to make a type of home brew or wine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35199,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,260,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Plant cooked & stored underground in barrels with stink currants & red elderberries for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260"
35200,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,107,1,Food,,,"Stems, leaves, sprouts and shoots eaten with sugar and grease.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
35201,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,340,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves cooked and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 340"
35207,3482,Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus (Greene) Dorn,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,107,1,Food,,,"Stems, leaves, sprouts and shoots used for food.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
35613,3513,Salicornia virginica L.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,91,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Plant used for arthritic pain, rheumatism, aches, pain and swelling.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 91"
35614,3513,Salicornia virginica L.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,91,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Plant used for arthritic pain, rheumatism, aches, pain and swelling.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 91"
35966,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,287,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used to hang drying oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 287"
35967,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,287,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make mallet heads.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 287"
36051,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,86,Haisla,14,c93,288,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Whips used to lash opponents in the 'hoop and pole game.' In the Haisla 'hoop and pole game,' players attempted to spear a rolling hoop.  If a player succeeded in spearing the hoop, he was lashed by his opponent with a willow whip.  If, however, the spearman retrieved his spear, the hoop and the whip, his team would get the next throw of the hoop.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36052,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Leaves used to wipe slime from fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36053,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,32,Containers,Sticks used to string discoidal basaltic seaweed cooking stones when not being used.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36054,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36055,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36056,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Withes used as fish stringers to transport fish downstream.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36057,3547,Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,120,Walking Sticks,Wood used to make walking sticks or canes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36084,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,86,Haisla,14,c93,288,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Whips used to lash opponents in the 'hoop and pole game.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36085,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Leaves used to wipe slime from fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36086,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,32,Containers,Sticks used to string discoidal basaltic seaweed cooking stones when not being used.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36087,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36088,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36089,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Withes used as fish stringers to transport fish downstream.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36090,3550,Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,288,3,Other,120,Walking Sticks,Wood used to make walking sticks or canes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288"
36796,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,329,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit cooked, dried into cakes, stored, reconstituted and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 329"
36863,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,86,Haisla,14,c93,229,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries used extensively, especially to mix with and extend other berries.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36864,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Leaves boiled and used to shorten pregnancy.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36865,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Berries cooked and eaten for stomach problems.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36866,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Leaves boiled and used in aiding childbirth.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36867,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make wine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36868,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36869,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries formerly an important winter food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36870,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to whip soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36871,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make points for oolichan and squirrel spears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36872,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Cooked shoots put in bath water and used as a soak for pain.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36873,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of cooked shoots applied for pain.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36874,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Cooked shoots put in bath water and used as a soak for sore, arthritic areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36875,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of cooked shoots applied to sore, arthritic areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36876,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Root slivers inserted into boil eruptions.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36877,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,229,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries mixed with blueberries, Pacific crabapples and oolichan grease and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229"
36896,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,90,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for storage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 90"
36897,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,90,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 90"
37430,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,192,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used by children to make tiny snares to catch small fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 192"
37842,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,236,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries smoke dried and used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37843,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,14,c93,331,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331"
37844,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,236,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Berries given to women in labor to ease the birth.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37845,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,236,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37846,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,236,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,Berries whipped into a froth and eaten as 'Indian ice cream.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37847,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,236,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Berries served at large gatherings, special occasions and feasts.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37848,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,331,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,Berries whipped into 'Indian ice cream.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331"
37849,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,331,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331"
37861,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,164,Nisga,14,c93,331,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331"
37864,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,236,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries smoke dried and used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
37873,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,93,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries whipped, mixed with sugar and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 93"
37874,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,93,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries canned for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 93"
37930,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,331,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries smoke dried and traded.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 331"
37931,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,268,"Tsimshian, Coast",14,c93,236,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries smoke dried and used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236"
38304,3723,Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,291,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 291"
38351,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,293,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 293"
38354,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,350,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 350"
38363,3729,Solanum tuberosum L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Tubers eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
38581,3763,Sorbus sitchensis var. grayi (Wenzig) C.L. Hitchc.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,116,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Berries mashed and rubbed on the head for lice.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
38582,3763,Sorbus sitchensis var. grayi (Wenzig) C.L. Hitchc.,91,Heiltzuk,14,c93,116,1,Food,5,Forage,Considered a food for black bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116"
38698,3783,Sphagnum sp.,86,Haisla,14,c93,148,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Plant used for diapering infants.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 148"
38699,3783,Sphagnum sp.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,148,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by grizzly bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 148"
38813,3814,Stachys mexicana Benth.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,256,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant fiber used to make nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 256"
38970,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,79,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by frogs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79"
39125,3851,Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus (Fern.) Blake,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,231,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by crows and bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 231"
39461,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,85,Haihais,14,c93,319,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of wood and bark used for stomach pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39462,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,85,Haihais,14,c93,319,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of wood and bark used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39463,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,85,Haihais,14,c93,319,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrow heads and halibut hooks.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39464,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,86,Haisla,14,c93,187,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make boat ribs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39465,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,98,Weapon,Wood used to make war paddles and war clubs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39466,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Cooled decoction of small wood pieces taken for bloody urine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39467,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Sticks used to strike rods of cedar to make noise while driving animals to be killed.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39468,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39469,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make clubs to knock out fish and halibut hooks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39470,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,187,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39490,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,319,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of wood and bark used for stomach pains.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39491,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,319,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction of wood and bark used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39492,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,319,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, arrow heads and halibut hooks.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 319"
39519,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Wood used to make combs.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39520,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39521,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make serving bowls for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39522,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into bows for use with arrows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39523,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,75,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75"
39567,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,187,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Plant used for cancer.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39568,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,187,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Plant used for internal ailments.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187"
39813,3942,Theobroma cacao L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,1,Food,27,Beverage,Used to make a beverage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
39965,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,14,c93,162,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Moxa of inner bark used as a counter irritant for the skin.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39969,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Boughs used to camouflage canoes, especially during duck hunting.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39970,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,14,c93,162,3,Other,145,Lighting,Branches covered with Sitka spruce pitch used for night fishing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39971,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,86,Haisla,14,c93,162,3,Other,58,Protection,Inner bark dyed and tied to pets to protect them from the dog eater.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39972,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used for basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39973,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Branches used in basketry.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39974,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Roots used as the main structural elements in baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39975,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for roofing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39976,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used to partition long houses and make temporary shelters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39977,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for house posts and planks in traditional house construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39978,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make dancing platforms.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39979,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to cover canoes to keep the rain out.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39980,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to carve canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39981,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make hats of various types.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39982,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark woven into hip length leggings to wear through deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39983,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make rain capes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39984,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Branches twisted together to make a type of rope used to tie covers to storage boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39985,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Bark used to make baby cradles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39986,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats to sit on.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39987,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make blankets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39988,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark used for many ceremonial purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39989,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Inner bark rings worn around the neck and on the legs by shamans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39990,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make a special type of 'rattle' for ceremonial activities.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39991,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make ceremonial whistles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39992,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make coffins.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39993,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Wood used as toilet sticks prior to the introduction of toilet paper.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39994,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make boxes to store many types of food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39995,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Inner bark used to whip soapberries.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39996,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood boards used to separate oval leaved blueberries from the leaves.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39997,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood made into tongs and used to transfer boiling stones from the fire to cooking vessels.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39998,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,167,Designs,Wood used to make totem poles and other carvings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
39999,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Withes used with pitch to fasten arrow heads to the shafts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40000,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark and branches used as kindling to start fires.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40001,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Inner bark used to make fishing line.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40002,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into noisemakers and used to round up animals to be hunted.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40003,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood made into small sticks to prop open conical nets used to catch oolichans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40004,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make the hook used to lift oolichan nets to empty their contents into a canoe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40005,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make the shafts of oolichan spears and arrows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40006,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Infusion of pounded, bough tip leaves in cold water taken for diarrhea.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40007,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,162,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Bark used in the fire dancer's headdress to produce sparks and fire. A baking powder can with a copper tube in front and a flexible hose in the back was filled with burning red cedar outer bark.  An aide to the Fire Dancer blew on the hose in the back to produce sparks and smoke at the front of the headdress, which concealed the can and embers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162"
40157,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Wood made into shamanistic soul catchers to use in ritual healing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40158,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Fibrous tissue used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40159,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark and roots used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40160,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40161,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40162,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Fibrous tissue used to make canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40163,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Inner bark used to make canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40164,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Inner bark used to make sails for canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40165,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40166,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibrous tissue used to make napkins and clothing.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40167,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make dance costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40168,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Inner bark used to make women's aprons, conical rain capes and napkins.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40169,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Wood used to make hoops worn by dancers as part of their costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40170,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark made into cordage and used as lanyards or lines and to secure boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40171,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous tissue used for weaving mats and screens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40172,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Bark used to make neck, wrist and ankle rings worn by dancers.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40173,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Fibrous tissue used to make ceremonial head, neck, ankle and wrist rings.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40174,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Inner bark used to make head rings worn by dancers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40175,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Inner bark woven into dance screens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40176,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood and inner bark used for shamanistic or other ceremonial activities.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40177,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,32,Containers,Inner bark used to make boxes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40178,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make containers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40179,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make sticks to dry oolichans and made into barbecue racks for salmon and other fish.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40180,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,38,Decorations,Inner bark used to make masks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40181,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used for carving.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40182,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as kindling.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40183,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs used to gather herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40184,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Branches used to gather herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40185,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40186,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,66,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood made into whistles or trumpets & used to announce the dances in the tsaika & glualaxa series.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 66"
40187,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,63,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make implements.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63"
40276,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for construction.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40277,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40278,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark used to make diapers for infants and rain proof capes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40280,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40281,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into horns used for ritual purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40282,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Wood made into toilet sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40283,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,32,Containers,"Inner bark used to make containers for collecting, storing and cooking foods.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40284,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make storage boxes and chests.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40285,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to carve totem poles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40286,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,37,Fuel,Inner bark used to start fires.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40287,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make hunting and fishing tools.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40288,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,315,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make woodworking tools.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315"
40546,3990,Trentepohlia aurea (L.) Martius,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,132,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used for face paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 132"
40663,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,251,1,Food,,,Rhizomes used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 251"
40666,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,337,1,Food,,,Rhizomes used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 337"
40678,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,171,Nuxalkmc,14,c93,251,1,Food,,,Rhizomes used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 251"
40679,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,102,1,Food,,,Rhizomes cooked with riceroot and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 102"
40817,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,208,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Grains used to make bread.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 208"
40818,4037,Triticum aestivum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,208,1,Food,75,Staple,Grains used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 208"
40962,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,86,Haisla,14,c93,180,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cambium cooked in skunk cabbage leaves, pounded, dried and stored for winter use.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40966,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used for making temporary shelters or huts by hunters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40967,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Cambium dried, pounded, served with oolichan grease and Pacific crabapples and used as winter food.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40968,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs used among several botanical materials in ritual purification practices.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40969,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Boughs used under cleaned salmon while draining.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40970,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Boughs rubbed on the body for luck on hunting expeditions.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40971,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs used as camouflage by hunters.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40972,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs used to gather herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40973,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs made into hoops and used to combat witchcraft.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40974,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,98,Weapon,Timber used as the 'blade' of an executioner's device similar to the guillotine.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40975,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Cambium formed into cakes, cooked, dried, powdered, mixed with water, grease and fruit and eaten.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40976,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Boughs used in processing salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40977,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Boughs used to wrap and cover foods in earth ovens.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40978,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wood made into rings and used to fasten oolichan nets to the piles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40979,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Bark used to smoke hides into a dark brown color.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40980,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make piles for anchoring oolichan nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40981,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,125,Jewelry,Wood knots used to make labrets worn by women of high social rank.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40982,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
40983,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,180,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make mallets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180"
41001,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,318,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Inner bark boiled and dried for storage.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
41002,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,318,1,Food,,,"Inner bark soaked in oolichan grease, drained, cooked and eaten with sugar.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
41003,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,318,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs submerged in herring spawning areas to collect the roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318"
41020,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,71,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant considered to have special powers to purify and cure.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41021,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs made into huts and used to house girls following their first menstruation.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41022,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Boughs made into special shelters for hunters, fishers, shamans and their initiates.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41023,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,123,Kwakwaka'wakw,14,c93,71,3,Other,58,Protection,Four rings of boughs used to negate the effects of evil spirits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41050,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant considered to have special powers to purify and cure.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41051,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Boughs made into special shelters for hunters, fishers, shamans and their initiates.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41052,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Inner bark dried for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41053,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41054,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs made into headdresses and worn by dancers in the Ghost dance.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41055,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Inner bark and grease made into realistic eyeballs and used in the corpse for the hamatsa ceremony.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41056,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Boughs used to roast fern roots.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41057,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fresh boughs used to gather herring roe.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41058,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make octopus spears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41059,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,3,Other,58,Protection,Four rings of boughs and ritual bathing used to negate the effects of evil spirits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41060,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,71,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Boughs used to make play houses.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71"
41774,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of roots applied to aches and swollen joints.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41775,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make cordage, bindings and nets.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41776,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,1,Food,1,Preserves,Plant boiled with sugar to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41777,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,1,Food,,,Young shoots steamed and eaten with bear meat.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41778,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plant used for trade.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41779,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Fiber used to make cordage, bindings and nets.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41780,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,294,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fiber used to make nets and bow strings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294"
41804,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Fiber used to make bow strings, fishing line for jigging, ropes and oolichan traps.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
41805,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,1,Food,,,Plant fried and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
41806,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Fiber used to make bow strings, fishing line for jigging, ropes and oolichan traps.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
41807,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,119,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fiber used to make fishing nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119"
41860,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,351,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fiber used to make fishing nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 351"
41861,4059,Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,351,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fiber used to make fishing nets.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 351"
41915,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
41919,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,50,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,Whole plant used by women to wipe slime when cleaning salmon.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 50"
41921,4064,Usnea sp.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Plant used as mattresses at seasonal camps.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
42002,4072,Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,244,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244"
42003,4072,Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried into cakes and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42004,4072,Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42005,4072,Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,98,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 98"
42006,4072,Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,99,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries picked for feasts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 99"
42007,4073,Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,244,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244"
42008,4073,Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried into cakes and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42009,4073,Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42010,4073,Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,98,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 98"
42011,4073,Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,99,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries picked for feasts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 99"
42056,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,244,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244"
42057,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42058,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42072,4077,Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,99,1,Food,47,Special Food,Berries picked for feasts.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 99"
42157,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,245,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 245"
42158,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,243,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 243"
42159,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,243,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 243"
42167,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,334,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried into cakes and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 334"
42168,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried into cakes and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42169,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,334,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 334"
42170,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42191,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,97,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 97"
42192,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,97,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 97"
42193,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,99,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 99"
42269,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,247,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries boiled and stored in barrels of oolichan grease for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 247"
42278,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,336,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 336"
42292,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 100"
42310,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,248,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten, sometimes at feasts.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 248"
42311,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,248,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Fruit eaten, sometimes at feasts.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 248"
42320,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,337,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 337"
42333,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,101,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42421,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,249,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 249"
42422,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried into cakes and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42423,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,335,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335"
42427,4088,Vaccinium uliginosum L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,99,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries preserved for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 99"
42475,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,84,Haida,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42476,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,92,Hesquiat,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42477,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42478,4090,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n,267,Tsimshian,14,c93,101,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101"
42670,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of cleaned, sliced, dried and boiled roots used for rheumatism.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42671,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant used as a snuff for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42672,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42673,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Poultice of roots applied to stop flow of blood from areas cut to release disease causing objects.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42674,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Decoction of cleaned, sliced, dried and boiled roots used as a laxative.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42675,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,2,Drug,15,Sedative,"Decoction of cleaned, sliced, dried and boiled roots used as a sedative.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42679,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,86,Haisla,14,c93,201,3,Other,58,Protection,"Plants presence believed to repel ghosts, illness and evil.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42680,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Roots put on the ends of arrows by the shaman to shoot towards 'disease spirits.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42681,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered highly toxic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42682,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Poultice of roots, rhizomes and Sitka spruce pitch applied to sore areas.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42683,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of roots taken for various types of swellings.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42684,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Plant used for any blood related disorder.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42685,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,184,Hypotensive,Plant used for high blood pressure.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42686,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,"Poultice of roots, rhizomes & Sitka spruce pitch paste applied to chest for respiratory afflictions.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42687,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,2,Drug,,,Decoction of roots used as an internal medicine for unspecified purposes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42688,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves used to wipe the body off after bathing in water.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42689,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used for ceremonial purification.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42690,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Plant used for preparation for shamanistic activities, dancing, hunting and fishing.","Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42691,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Decoction of plant and devil's club used as a wash for areas occupied by corpse to give good luck.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42692,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,58,Protection,Decoction of plant and devil's club used as a wash for areas occupied by corpse to kill poison.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42693,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,201,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used to combat witchcraft.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201"
42699,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,323,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of roots and rhizomes applied externally for arthritis.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 323"
42700,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,323,3,Other,58,Protection,Roots and rhizomes burned and smoke used as protection from ghosts and 'demons.',"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 323"
42727,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,79,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Dried roots used in bath water for arthritis or rheumatism.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79"
42728,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,79,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant poisonous to animals.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79"
42729,4105,Veratrum viride Ait.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,79,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Roots burned to fumigate the houses of recently deceased persons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 79"
43056,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,232,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 232"
43057,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,232,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries stored with oolichan grease in barrels for winter use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 232"
43059,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,329,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries stored for future use.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 329"
43066,4130,Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,91,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 91"
43465,4183,Vitis vinifera L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,296,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 296"
43697,4214,Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,144,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant used as pigment for face paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 144"
43698,4214,Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr.,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,311,3,Other,26,Paint,Used as a yellow pigment for paint.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 311"
44581,4250,Zigadenus venenosus S. Wats.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,203,2,Drug,13,Poison,Roots considered highly toxic.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 203"
44690,4260,Zostera marina L.,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,82,1,Food,,,Leaves picked with attached herring spawn and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 82"