id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
15,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
16,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,137,Preventive Medicine,Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
17,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,1,Food,85,Candy,Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
18,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
19,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
166,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
167,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,,,Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
168,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,1,Food,85,Candy,Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
169,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
170,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
419,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,90,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make small boxes and oil containers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90"
420,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,90,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls and drinking containers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90"
421,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,76,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
422,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,90,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90"
506,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Hard, lightweight wood used to make paddles.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
507,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Hard, lightweight wood used to make masks and ceremonial rattles.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
508,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Hard, lightweight wood used to make bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
903,38,Achillea millefolium L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,96,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
904,38,Achillea millefolium L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,96,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Plants chewed and swallowed as 'medicine for everything.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
1592,71,Adiantum pedatum L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,61,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Used by dancers to make them light footed.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
1959,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for wound dressing material and as bandages.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
1960,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used for baby diapers and female sanitary napkins.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
1961,122,Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used for wiping salmon.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
2542,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for bruises.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2543,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for undiagnosed internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2544,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for broken bones and ribs.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2545,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for lung ailments.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2546,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for tuberculosis.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2549,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,79,5,Dye,136,Red,Formerly used to make red basket dyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
2550,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,5,Dye,136,Red,Infusion of crushed bark used to make different shades of red dye.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2551,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe bailers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2552,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Wood used for making masks, ceremonial rattles and model canoes.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2553,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves and branches placed over and beneath food in steaming pits and kettles.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2554,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2555,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as a fuel for drying and smoking fish and meats.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
3270,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,97,2,Drug,18,Other,Plants rubbed on the hands to soften them for handling or touching sick people.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 97"
3512,262,Angelica genuflexa Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Leafstalks used in children's games.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
4228,322,Arbutus menziesii Pursh,218,"Salish, Cowichan",101,ttco83,104,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and juice swallowed for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4598,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,133,Makah,101,ttco83,104,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for smoking.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4608,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruits eaten by grouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4609,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits formerly eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4610,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves dried or roasted and smoked.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4612,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,167,Nootka,101,ttco83,104,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Leaves used for smoking.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4785,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,118,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Long, fleshy roots steam cooked, dipped in oil and eaten fresh like a dessert.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118"
4786,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,118,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots steam cooked, dried for winter storage, soaked, briefly steamed and eaten like dessert.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118"
4788,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,131,1,Food,,,Roots eaten as accompaniments to cooked duck.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131"
4789,363,Argentina egedii ssp. egedii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,1,Food,,,Roots formerly used as an important food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
5570,405,Artemisia suksdorfii Piper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Plants dried and hung in houses for fresh scents.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 97"
5899,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,133,Makah,101,ttco83,116,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Mixture of pounded roots taken for kidney pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 116"
5904,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,116,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of pounded roots taken for bad fevers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 116"
5905,416,Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris (Maxim.) Hara,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,116,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of pounded roots taken for measle-like illnesses.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 116"
6578,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,62,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Fronds placed in layers below and above food in steaming pits.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
7376,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Fronds eaten to relieve hunger when lost in the bushes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
7377,592,Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Fronds placed below and above food in steaming pits.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
7833,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,52,Cowichan,101,ttco83,83,1,Food,47,Special Food,Bulbs formerly served to guests at potlatches or winter dances.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7836,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,83,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Bulbs steam cooked, flattened and dried for future food use.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7837,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs formerly steam cooked, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten as vegetables.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7842,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,219,"Salish, Halkomelem",101,ttco83,83,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Bulbs traded to the Nootka and Nitinaht tribes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7843,699,Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats.,220,"Salish, Straits",101,ttco83,83,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Bulbs traded to the Nootka and Nitinaht tribes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7854,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,52,Cowichan,101,ttco83,83,1,Food,47,Special Food,Bulbs formerly served to guests at potlatches or winter dances.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7873,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,83,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Bulbs steam cooked, flattened and dried for future food use.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7874,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,83,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Bulbs formerly steam cooked, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten as vegetables.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7888,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,219,"Salish, Halkomelem",101,ttco83,83,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Bulbs traded to the Nootka and Nitinaht tribes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7889,700,Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene,220,"Salish, Straits",101,ttco83,83,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Bulbs traded to the Nootka and Nitinaht tribes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83"
7908,702,Camassia sp.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,1,Food,,,Bulbs formerly used as an important food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
8085,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,79,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves extensively used as wrapping and twining material for 'grass' baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
8086,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,167,Nootka,101,ttco83,79,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves extensively used as wrapping and twining material for 'grass' baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
8464,786,Castilleja hispida Benth.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,1,Food,85,Candy,Sweet nectar sucked by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
8465,786,Castilleja hispida Benth.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bright flowers covered with snail slime and used to trap hummingbirds.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
8513,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,1,Food,85,Candy,Sweet nectar sucked by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
8514,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Bright flowers covered with snail slime and used to trap hummingbirds.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
9119,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make light paddles and canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9120,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Inner bark finely shredded and used to make face towels.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9121,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Inner bark pounded and spun to make baby clothing, skirts, capes and hats.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9123,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark pounded and spun to make blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9124,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make small charcoal mixing boxes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9125,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,3,Other,37,Fuel,Inner bark finely shredded and used as tinder.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9126,860,Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,65,3,Other,185,Sacred Items,Wood used to carve totem pole models and talking sticks.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65"
9921,952,Cirsium brevistylum Cronq.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,97,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Down spun with yellow cedar inner bark and used for baby clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 97"
9922,952,Cirsium brevistylum Cronq.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,97,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves or roots dried and placed around the house for protection from evil influences.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 97"
10583,1064,Conocephalum conicum,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,58,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used as an eye medicine and for cataracts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
10584,1064,Conocephalum conicum,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,58,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Plant formerly used for kidney troubles.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
10585,1064,Conocephalum conicum,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,58,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant eaten to stop recurring dreams of having sex with the deceased.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 58"
10850,1091,Cornus canadensis L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,102,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh and raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
10979,1101,Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,103,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
12694,1335,Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,62,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Fronds placed in layers below and above food in steaming pits.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
13514,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,60,1,Food,112,Substitution Food,"Hollow, water filled stem segments used when water scarce.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"
13515,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,60,1,Food,,,Young shoots eaten in spring.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"
14793,1623,Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. ex Fr.) Karst.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,56,3,Other,58,Protection,Used for protection against people with ill feelings and wishes toward others.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56"
14842,1632,Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
14892,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
15000,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
15109,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,"Infusion of spring or early summer bark used as a disinfectant for cuts, wounds and sores.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
15110,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of spring or early summer bark taken as a tonic for bowel regularity.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
15111,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of spring or early summer bark taken as a mild but effective laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
15112,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make D-adze handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
15368,1668,Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.,220,"Salish, Straits",101,ttco83,85,1,Food,,,Roots formerly used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
15399,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plants rubbed on body by pregnant women expecting their unborn baby boys to become whalers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
15400,1672,Fucus gardneri Silva,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plants rubbed on body until receptacles broke by whalers for good luck in hunting.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
15474,1682,Galium aparine L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,125,3,Other,106,Soap,Used as a hair wash.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"
15531,1691,Galium triflorum Michx.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,125,3,Other,106,Soap,Used as a hair wash.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"
15542,1694,Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex Wallr.) Pat.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,56,3,Other,58,Protection,Used for protection against people with ill feelings and wishes toward others.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56"
15655,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Large leaves eaten by both newly wed husband and wife for a firstborn baby boy.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15656,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Infusion of leaves used as a greenish-yellow dye.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15658,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries mashed, dried into rectangular cakes, soaked, boiled and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15659,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15660,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15662,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15663,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,86,Spice,Branches and leaves used in steam cooking pits to flavor the cooking food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15664,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Leaves chewed by those lost in the bushes to alleviate hunger.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15665,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Branches and leaves used in steam cooking pits to circulate steam and keep food from burning.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
15666,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,104,3,Other,26,Paint,"Leaves crushed, mixed with salmon roe and used as paint for masks and wooden item designs.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
16406,1798,Halosaccion glandiforme (Gmelin) Ruprecht,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Sacs chewed by newly wed women wanting their first baby to be a boy.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
16497,1808,Hedophyllum sessile (C. Agardh.) Setchell,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,1,Food,,,Plants eaten with herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
16498,1808,Hedophyllum sessile (C. Agardh.) Setchell,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fronds used to catch herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
16875,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,1,Food,,,Hollow and solid leafstalks peeled and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
16876,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Swollen leaf sheaths and small, unexpanded leaves used in children's games.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
17330,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Wood used to make knitting needles and long needles for mat making.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
17332,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make barbecue sticks.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
17333,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used with a yew wood barb tied on the end as an octopus spear.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
17336,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,117,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make practice bows for children.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
17359,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,218,"Salish, Cowichan",101,ttco83,117,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Wood used to make knitting needles.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
17360,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,218,"Salish, Cowichan",101,ttco83,117,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make skewers for roasting and drying clams.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117"
17473,1924,Huperzia selago var. selago,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,60,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Plant used as a purgative.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"
17474,1924,Huperzia selago var. selago,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,60,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as a fast acting emetic.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"
17475,1924,Huperzia selago var. selago,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,60,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Branches used to 'clean...out' the insides.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"
19452,2092,Laminaria groenlandica Rosenvinge,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,1,Food,,,Plants eaten with herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
19453,2092,Laminaria groenlandica Rosenvinge,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fronds used to catch herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
19812,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,133,Makah,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,,,Infusion of fresh or dried plant used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19829,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,358,Dietary Aid,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken as a tonic for increased appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19831,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken as a tonic when 'run down.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19832,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,106,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fresh or dried plant used to make a hot tea beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19833,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,167,Nootka,101,ttco83,106,2,Drug,,,Infusion of fresh or dried plant used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 106"
19984,2152,Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow & Setchell) Reinke,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Burned stipes made into a salve and used to strengthen young boys.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
19985,2152,Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow & Setchell) Reinke,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,51,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Flattish, hardened stipes used for 'beach hockey.'","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 51"
20114,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,88,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Rootstocks twisted together and rubbed on bodies of young men while bathing for strength.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 88"
20115,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,88,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,"Tough, sharply pointed leaves used as 'needle-and-thread' for sewing and tying material.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 88"
20116,2162,Leymus mollis ssp. mollis,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,88,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Tough, sharply pointed leaves used as 'needle-and-thread' for sewing and tying material.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 88"
20265,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,85,1,Food,,,Bulbs formerly steamed and eaten cold with oil.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85"
21003,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,92,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Seeds burned as a protective fumigant against bad spirits and illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
21004,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,92,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Poultice of warm, soaked seeds applied to the chest for colds.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
21005,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Leaves or seeds used for devil's club codfish lures.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
21006,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,92,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves or seeds used as scents or charms.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92"
21099,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,99,1,Food,85,Candy,Tubes formerly sucked by children for sweet nectar.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99"
21189,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,99,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Buds eaten in spring or bark rubbed on body as a tonic for nervous breakdowns.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99"
21190,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,168,"Nootka, Manhousat",101,ttco83,99,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Decoction of bark or fresh bark eaten by whalers to relieve effects of sexual abstinence.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99"
21607,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,92,Hesquiat,101,ttco83,78,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of cold and fresh leaves applied for burns.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
21635,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,101,ttco83,78,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Roots chewed to induce an abortion.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
21637,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,133,Makah,101,ttco83,78,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Warmed leaves applied to chest for pain.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
21645,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,78,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of one leaf applied for severe burns.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
21646,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,78,3,Other,32,Containers,"Large, waxy leaves used as berry containers and for wrapping leftover food.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
21647,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,78,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Large, waxy leaves used as plates, drinking cups, berry drying racks and steam pit covers.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
21648,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,105,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to make rectangular drying frames for drying mashed salal berries.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
21836,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Used as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
21839,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Bark scrapings steeped and used as a yellow dye.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
21911,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Used as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
21914,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Bark scrapings steeped and used as a yellow dye.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
22029,2377,Mahonia sp.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,79,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Formerly used to make yellow basket dyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
22053,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,86,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of leaves used for minor burns.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 86"
22054,2379,Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,86,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of leaves used for sores, boils, cuts and wounds.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 86"
22245,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Leaves chewed for lung trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22247,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,133,Makah,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of bark used as a tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22254,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of bark taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22255,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,354,Dietary Aid,Infusion of bark taken for losing weight.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22256,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of bark taken for 'any kind of sickness.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22260,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,1,Food,5,Forage,Fruits eaten by grouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22261,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22262,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,V-shaped branches used as gaffs for salmon.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22263,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,121,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121"
22962,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Bark used to counteract evil spells and doctor remedies.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
22963,2463,Menziesia ferruginea Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Forked branches used by children to make sling shots.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
23716,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,52,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Bulbs dried, melted, hardened and used as skin cream for protection from sun, wind and cold.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52"
23721,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,52,3,Other,32,Containers,Hollow stipes used as containers for storing oil.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52"
23722,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,52,3,Other,32,Containers,Leafy fronds used to cover fish to prevent spoiling or drying out.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52"
23725,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,52,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Stipes partially dried, rubbed with oil until saturated and used as fishing line.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52"
23726,2576,Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,52,3,Other,17,Tools,Bulbs used for curving and molding halibut hooks.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52"
24111,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,114,2,Drug,18,Other,Large rhizomes placed in hot water and liquid taken to prevent sickness during epidemics.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
24223,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,118,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits formerly cooked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118"
24247,2611,Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,93,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Roots squashed and swallowed to facilitate and speed up delivery.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 93"
24504,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,95,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of stem pieces taken for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95"
24508,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,95,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make codfish and sea or black bass lures.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95"
24510,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,95,3,Other,26,Paint,Wood charcoal used as a special ceremonial paint for dancers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95"
25790,2791,Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Plants chewed and eaten for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
25791,2791,Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Formerly used to facilitate urination.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
25792,2792,Peltigera canina Willd.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Formerly used to facilitate urination.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
26205,2842,Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,98,1,Food,5,Forage,Plants eaten by elk.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
26659,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,89,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Leaves dried, split and used in basketry.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"
26660,2911,Phyllospadix torreyi S. Wats.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,89,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Leaves used to trap herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"
27233,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Roots soaked, split in quarters and used to make sturdy pack baskets.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
27237,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branches used in winter dances and to make traditional costumes for initiation ceremonies.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
27238,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Roots used for binding gaff implement joints.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
27239,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Pitch used as a protective coating for fishing spears and whaling harpoon heads.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
27240,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make the longer prong in the two pronged salmon harpoon.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
27434,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make small totem poles and model canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
27496,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch mixed with melted deer tallow and used as a skin cosmetic.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
27497,2954,Pinus contorta var. contorta,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Pitch used as protective coating for whaling and fishing equipment.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
27903,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch mixed with melted deer tallow and used as a skin cosmetic.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
27904,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make small totem poles and model canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
27905,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Pitch used as protective coating for whaling and fishing equipment.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
28449,3001,Plantago major L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of moist leaves placed on cuts, boils and open sores.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
28450,3001,Plantago major L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Poultice of moist leaves placed on infections and boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
28451,3001,Plantago major L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,115,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Leaves chewed and swallowed for stomach ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115"
29002,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,64,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Licorice flavored rhizomes chewed and juice swallowed for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64"
29003,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,64,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Licorice flavored rhizomes chewed and juice swallowed for sore chest.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64"
29123,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,62,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fronds laid side by side several layers thick and used as a 'place mat' for food at feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
29124,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,62,1,Food,,,Large rootstocks steam cooked and eaten in summer.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
29125,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,62,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Fronds placed below and above food in steaming pits.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
29127,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,62,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fronds used in games.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62"
29156,3087,Polytrichum commune Hedw.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,59,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant chewed by women in labor to speed up the process.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
29308,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,126,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Resin used as a salve for wounds and cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126"
29310,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,126,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Inner bark shredded, spun together with red or yellow cedar inner bark and used as twine.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126"
29311,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,126,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Inner bark shredded, spun with stinging nettle fiber and used for fishing lines and duck nets.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126"
29312,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,126,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Knots used to make molded halibut hooks.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126"
29313,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,126,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Sweet smelling, yellow resin used as a scent in deer fat skin cosmetics.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126"
29314,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,126,3,Other,26,Paint,"Sweet smelling, yellow resin used as a base for paints.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126"
29717,3111,Porphyra perforata J. Agardh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,54,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Plants formerly sold to the Chinese.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
29801,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,54,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Plants burned and ashes used for convulsions.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
29802,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,54,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plants burned and ashes used for craziness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
29803,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,54,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Stipes dried, burned, powdered, mixed with raccoon marrow and salve used to strengthen young boys.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
29804,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,54,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Tough, rubbery holdfasts carved into 'beach hockey' balls.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
29805,3118,Postelsia palmaeformis Ruprecht,167,Nootka,101,ttco83,54,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Stipes dried, burned, powdered, mixed with raccoon marrow and salve used to strengthen young boys.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 54"
29919,3149,Prosartes hookeri var. oregana (S. Wats.) Kartesz,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,86,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by wolves.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 86"
30379,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,120,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of bark taken as a general tonic for healing any sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
30381,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,120,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Bark used to make the reed for a ceremonial wolf whistle.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
30382,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,120,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Smooth, tough bark used for binding and wrapping joints of fishing and hunting implements.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
31296,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bark and wood used for fuel.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
31297,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Hard knots used to make molded halibut hooks.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
31298,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,95,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used as a pole to place fishing lures in the water.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95"
31299,3201,Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,73,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make sea urchin spear shafts, seal spears and poles for placing codfish lures.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73"
31478,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fronds used for bedding while camping.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
31479,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes roasted, pounded and inner portions used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
31480,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Long, thick rhizomes formerly steamed, dried and used as a vegetable food in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
33386,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,113,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Berries eaten in quantity as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
33387,3361,Ribes bracteosum Dougl. ex Hook.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,113,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Berries boiled, mixed in molasses and eaten as dessert.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113"
33486,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,114,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 114"
34051,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,123,2,Drug,,,Infusion of leaves used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123"
34052,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,123,1,Food,52,Fruit,Hips eaten raw in fall.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123"
34623,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,123,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh and raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123"
34825,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,124,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
34826,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,124,1,Food,,,"Young, tender sprouts peeled and eaten raw in spring.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
34999,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,124,1,Food,41,Dessert,Sprouts eaten raw or steam cooked like a dessert.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
35000,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,124,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
35001,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,124,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Stems used to make children's practice bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
35089,3473,Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,125,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"
35976,3539,Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make single pronged barbecue sticks for roasting salmon.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
36239,3551,Salix sp.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Soft roots used by young boys and girls as pre-scrubbers in the first stage of adulthood training.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
36890,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of bark and roots taken by boys and girls as a purgative to cleanse the system.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
36891,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Bark used with black twinberry bark for nervous breakdowns.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
36892,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
36893,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,1,Food,1,Preserves,"Berries pounded, dried, soaked in water until jam like, mixed with sugar and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
36894,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,3,Other,185,Sacred Items,Pithy branches hollowed out and used to make ceremonial and sacred wolf whistles.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
36895,3569,Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,100,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Used to make children's whistles and 'pea shooters.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 100"
37392,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,81,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Tall, round stems sun dried and sewn together to make mats, sleeping compartments and mattresses.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 81"
37440,3604,Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz & R. Keller,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,79,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used for the bottoms and ribs of 'grass' baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
37862,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,103,1,Food,171,Ice Cream,Berries whipped in small amounts of water and eaten as 'Indian ice cream' at large feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 103"
38700,3783,Sphagnum sp.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,59,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Used as a good disinfectant.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
38701,3783,Sphagnum sp.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,59,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used for baby diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
38968,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,86,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by wolves.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 86"
39059,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,133,Makah,101,ttco83,102,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Leaves chewed and swallowed to counteract evil charms.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
39066,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,102,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of bark taken for inability to urinate.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
39067,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,102,3,Other,58,Protection,"Bark soaked, rubbed in water and used as a skin wash for protection and truthfulness.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
39068,3849,Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,102,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Berries rubbed on the face during a game called 'lehal.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102"
39510,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make steering paddles and oarlock holders.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39511,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Wood used to make mat making needles.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39512,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branches used as scrubbers in the manhood training rituals of young boys.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39513,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make bows, clubs, lances, whaling harpoon shafts and other fishing gear.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39515,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,75,3,Other,17,Tools,"Wood used to make digging and prying sticks, mat pressers and wedges.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
39516,3902,Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,118,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make digging sticks for harvesting pacific cinquefoil roots.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118"
39604,3907,Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. ex Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plants chewed as medicine to stop dreams of having sexual intercourse with the dead.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
39605,3907,Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. ex Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,127,2,Drug,,,Used as a 'special medicine.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127"
40112,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Bark used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40113,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner bark strips used to make storage baskets and for basket bottoms, rims and ribs.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40114,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Young limbs twisted and used to make basket frames and ribs.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40115,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for houseposts and wall and roofing houseboards.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40116,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make dugout canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40117,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark used to make waterproof hats, capes and other articles of clothing.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40118,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make rope.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40119,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Inner bark split into thin strips, spun and used for rope and twine.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40121,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Young limbs twisted and used for rope material.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40122,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Bark used to make mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40123,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark woven with dog hair and cottonwood bast fiber to make blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40124,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs used by boys in training for manhood.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40125,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make masks.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40126,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark sheets used to make cases for storing whale harpoon heads.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40127,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make storage boxes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40128,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Wood used to make bowls, cooking boxes and spreading sticks to prevent dried fish from curling up.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40129,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,38,Decorations,Bark used for mask adornments.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40130,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Green boughs used to catch herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40131,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used for the slats or poles of fish weirs, gaff sticks and to make arrow shafts.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40132,3951,Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,67,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young limbs twisted and used as basket traps for fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67"
40673,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,110,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Rhizomes steam cooked, dried, re-steamed, dipped in oil and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
40674,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,131,1,Food,,,Rhizomes eaten as accompaniments to cooked duck.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131"
40675,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,110,1,Food,,,"Rhizomes steam cooked, cooled and eaten immediately.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
40677,4016,Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,63,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Rhizomes formerly steamed, dried and used as a vegetable food in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63"
41025,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,133,Makah,101,ttco83,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch used as a sunburn preventative and rubbed on hair to remove lice.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41036,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of bark, grand fir and red alder barks taken for bruises.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41037,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of bark, grand fir and red alder barks taken for internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41038,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Infusion of bark, grand fir and red alder barks taken for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41039,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,5,Dye,108,Black,"Bark chopped into small pieces, pounded, crushed and boiled to make a black dye.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41040,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,5,Dye,150,Brown,"Bark chopped into small pieces, pounded, crushed and boiled to make different shades of brown dye.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41042,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Light, green branch tips eaten to relieve hunger when lost in the woods.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41045,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs used as scrubbers in the manhood training rituals of young boys.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41046,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,3,Other,37,Fuel,Slow burning wood used to bank up fires overnight.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41047,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs used to catch herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41048,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,74,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Hard, dense knots used to make molded halibut hooks.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
41049,4043,Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,53,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood knots used to make halibut hooks.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
41287,4049,Typha latifolia L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,88,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used to make openwork baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 88"
41288,4049,Typha latifolia L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,88,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Leaves used to make skirts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 88"
41713,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,128,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Plants whipped over body for arthritis and rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41714,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,128,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Young shoots chewed and swallowed as a tonic to prevent sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41715,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,128,2,Drug,,,Plants whipped over body by married persons for affection and faithfulness of spouses.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41717,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,128,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stems dried, pounded and spun to make twine for binding and sewing purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41719,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,128,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plants rubbed in hands to eliminate human odor before touching fishing gear.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41720,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,112,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plants rubbed on fishing lines to eliminate human odor.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
41721,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,128,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Stems dried, pounded and spun to make fishing lines and duck nets.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128"
41722,4058,Urtica dioica L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,53,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used as the leader for fishing.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53"
41916,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for wound dressing material and as bandages.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
41917,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Used for baby diapers and female sanitary napkins.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
41918,4063,Usnea longissima (L.) Ach.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,55,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used for wiping salmon.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
42184,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits formerly mashed, poured into rectangular frames to dry, soaked, boiled and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
42185,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruits mashed, poured into rectangular frames to dry, soaked, boiled and eaten in winter.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42186,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42187,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
42188,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruits eaten at impromptu village feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42189,4082,Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruits eaten at impromptu village feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
42227,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,52,Fruit,Ripe berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
42228,4083,Vaccinium ovatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,108,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used in pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108"
42287,4084,Vaccinium oxycoccos L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries formerly eaten in fall.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42329,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries mashed, poured into frames, dried into cakes, soaked, boiled and eaten with oil or syrup.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42330,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42331,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,109,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109"
42332,4085,Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,107,1,Food,47,Special Food,Fruits eaten at impromptu village feasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107"
43220,4143,Vicia nigricans ssp. gigantea (Hook.) Lassetter & Gunn.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,112,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plants rubbed on hands and fishing lines to eliminate human odor.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 112"
43724,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,133,Makah,101,ttco83,87,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Leaves sold to the Nootkan and Hesquiat tribes.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
43726,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,87,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Grass used as twining material for wrapped and twined baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
43727,4217,Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,87,3,Other,17,Tools,Leaves used for trimming the edges of mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
44688,4260,Zostera marina L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,89,1,Food,,,"Fleshy, whitish rhizomes formerly eaten raw.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"
44689,4260,Zostera marina L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,89,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Leaves formerly used to trap herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"