id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
21,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
22,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
23,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
24,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
25,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
26,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
27,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
195,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
198,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of boughs taken for any illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
199,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
201,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
202,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
203,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
209,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
211,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branch tips sometimes steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
212,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
213,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs used by young girls to scrub the face & clothes so that they would not be bothered by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
300,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
301,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
302,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
303,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores. The pitch was smeared over injuries and covered with a bandage.  In earlier times, animal fat was probably used in place of Vaseline","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
304,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
305,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
306,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
307,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Inner bark eaten as a medicine for 'shadow on the chest,' the beginning of tuberculosis. It made the informant very sick with aching, flu like symptoms, but after that, she did not develop tuberculosis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
308,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
309,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
310,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
311,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
312,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
313,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
314,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,106,Soap,"Sweet smelling bough used by 'old people' to wash their skin, to give their bodies a nice scent.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
430,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for dysentery. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
431,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for polio. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
432,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used in making baby basket frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
433,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used in making snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
435,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood gathered while green, the heart removed and used in making bows, arrows and dipnet frames.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
436,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used in making implement handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
456,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of sticks and saskatoon sticks taken to heal women's insides and stimulate lactation. The decoction was made either with two sticks each of saskatoon and rocky mountain maple, or, for a stronger medicine, four sticks each and used after childbirth to heal women's insides and to stimulate the flow of milk for nursing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
457,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Decoction of four straight, young sticks used as a wash or taken for snakebites. The informant could not recall whether the decoction was taken internally or used as a wash.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
458,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibrous inner bark used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
459,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used for cradle frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
460,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Branches used whenever obtainable to make snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
524,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Raw sap used as a tonic in the olden days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
525,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner bark used to make scouring pads, temporary baskets and sometimes for weaving bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
526,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Inner bark used to make scouring pads and sometimes for weaving bags and for temporary baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
527,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap boiled to make a type of maple syrup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
528,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,,,Raw shoots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
529,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Sprouted seeds boiled and eaten as green vegetables. The sprouted seeds were generally bitter, but the young shoots were considered to be quite sweet and juicy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
530,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,32,Containers,"Inner bark used to make scouring pads, temporary baskets and sometimes for weaving bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
531,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Inner bark used to make soapberry whippers. Children sometimes made miniature whisks which they used to whip the juice that was left after the dried soapberries were soaked.  They made the juice with their whisks and then drank it.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
532,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used in pit cooking, to line the pit and interspersed between the layers of food. The leaves were also used between layers of fish in fish caches.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
533,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used to line the containers used in making ripened salmon eggs. The maple leaves were used to line the basket and were placed in layers between the eggs.  The eggs were generally prepared in a birch bark basket, placed in a hole in the ground lined with birch bark and left there until springtime when they were considered cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
534,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make soapberry eating paddles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
958,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
959,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
960,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Leaves chewed or infusion of leaves taken for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
961,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and roots used for bathing arthritic limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
962,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded roots used on the skin for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
963,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
964,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
965,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Leaves chewed or decoction of leaves taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
966,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Roots chewed or decoction of roots taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
969,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves and roots rubbed on sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
970,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed basal leaves used for cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
972,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for bad stomach cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
973,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for influenza.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
974,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves and roots rubbed on broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
975,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plant used as a wash for any kind of sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
976,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of whole plant taken for any sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
977,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
982,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Mashed root placed over a tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
983,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,,,Roots and stems considered 'a good medicine.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
984,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
985,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Root used for venereal disease.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
1110,45,Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,186,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of roots used as a delousing wash for sheep.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 186"
1111,45,Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,186,3,Other,76,Insecticide,"Decoction of plant used as a furniture and floor wash for lice, bedbugs and other household pests.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 186"
1463,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of root taken in a one teaspoon dose for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
1464,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,2,Drug,13,Poison,Red and white berried plant considered extremely poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
1465,61,Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of plant taken for bronchial or lung trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
1911,106,Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,167,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Milky latex used to remove warts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167"
1912,106,Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,167,1,Food,85,Candy,Milky latex used as chewing gum.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167"
2032,132,Allium acuminatum Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,,,Bulbs dug in the spring and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2164,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Bulbs dried for winter storage. The dried bulbs were sprinkled with water and became just like fresh bulbs or they were soaked overnight in water.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2165,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Bulbs tied in bundles, partially dried, pit cooked and used for food. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked.  They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across.  They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves.  The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy.  The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat.  It was very important to them for refreshment.  Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2166,141,Allium cernuum Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,117,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Cooked bulbs considered a delicacy. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked.  They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across.  They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves.  The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy.  The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat.  It was very important to them for refreshment.  Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117"
2454,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2455,170,Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2586,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Infusion of bark used as a wash for scabby skin, eczema and skin sores. One informant used a concentrated decoction of the bark as a wash for her uncle who had a severe allergic reaction to hops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2587,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2588,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,5,Dye,150,Brown,"Bark boiled in water to make a brown dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2589,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,5,Dye,136,Red,"Bark boiled in water to make a red dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. The dye was used to color mountain goat wool and other cloth and to deepen the color of basket materials such as bitter cherry bark.  Skins were tanned and dyed simultaneously by soaking them in a cooled solution of the bark.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2591,172,Alnus rubra Bong.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as a fuel for smoking meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2669,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2670,176,Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill,259,Thompson,10,tta90,188,3,Other,168,Water Indicator,Plants used as water indicators.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
3032,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,Decoction of plant and bitter cherry taken as birth control.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3034,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Strong decoction of bark taken by women after childbirth to hasten the dropping of the afterbirth. The decoction was taken immediately after childbirth.  The medicine made from the tall variety of saskatoon was said to clean her out and help heal her insides.  It was also said to stop her menstrual periods after the baby was born and hence act as a form of birth control.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3035,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Warm decoction of stems and twigs taken by women or used as a bath after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3038,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3039,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Berries dried into cakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3041,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried loose like raisins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3042,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3043,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3045,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Dried berries and many other ingredients used to make a special pudding. The dried berries with bitterroot, flour, butter, cream, sugar and sometimes tiger lily bulbs, avalanche lily corms, deer fat, black tree lichen and salmon eggs were used to make a special pudding.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3046,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries jammed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3047,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,86,Spice,Berry juice used to marinate other foods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3048,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Dried berry cakes used as a sweetener for other foods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3050,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries frozen or canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3053,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make salmon spreaders.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3054,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used as reinforcement for dipnet hoops.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3055,204,Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3278,236,Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,167,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of dried flowers taken for rheumatic fever.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167"
3859,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Milky stem latex used for venereal disease.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3864,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Plant made into rope and used to make fishnets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3865,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Stems used to make string. The stems were cut in the fall, usually in October, soaked and sometimes split in half. The fibrous outer skin was peeled off and the brittle inner stem discarded.  The fibrous part was then dried for indefinite storage and used to make string.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3868,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Plant made into thread and used for sewing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3869,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,3,Other,32,Containers,"Plant fiber made into sacks and used for storing potatoes, oats or onions.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3872,297,Apocynum cannabinum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Plants made into rope or thread and used for sewing and to make fishnets. The plants were dried, beaten with a stick to soften and loosen the fiber and then rolled and twisted on a piece of buckskin covering the upper leg.  The resulting rope or thread was used for sewing, for rope and for fish nets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
3943,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Root smeared on people's legs to increase stamina before a race.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3944,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Root smeared on horse's legs to increase stamina before a race.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3948,303,Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Whole plant kept by people as a good luck charm.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3952,305,Aquilegia sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Root smeared on people's legs to increase stamina before a race.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3953,305,Aquilegia sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Root smeared on horse's legs to increase stamina before a race.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
3978,310,Arabis holboellii Hornem.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,193,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves chewed as a strong medicine for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 193"
4666,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,373,Dietary Aid,Raw leaves chewed to alleviate thirst.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4670,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for canker sores and weak gums.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4671,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of plant taken and used as a wash for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4676,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Infusion of leaves used as a tonic, antiseptic & astringent for bladder & urinary passage disorders.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4680,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Dry, mealy fruits eaten with bear fat or fish oil because of the dryness.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4682,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,1,Food,52,Fruit,Washed berries fried in hot lard or salmon oil and used for food. The berries would crackle and pop 'just like popcorn.'  They were the only berries prepared in this manner.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4685,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves placed in moccasins or shoes after the death of a husband or wife for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4686,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,63,Smoke Plant,Dried or toasted leaves alone or mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Too much smoking of these leaves was said to make one dizzy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4689,347,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,211,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Mashed berries rubbed on the inside of coiled cedar root baskets to waterproof them. The berries were used to waterproof baskets such as those used for whipping soapberries.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4774,362,Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,,,"Roots eaten raw, but more often cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
4931,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of mashed plant used for swellings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
4932,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed plant used for bruises and cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
4933,379,Arnica cordifolia Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of plant taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5188,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a 'liniment' for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5191,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Plant used as a wash for colds. The plant could also be boiled and the steam used for colds.  The patient would lie in the steam while he was covered with a blanket.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5192,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion or decoction of plant used as a bathing solution for swelling and discoloration of bruises.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5199,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Plant used as a wash for colds, especially for babies and for chickenpox, to help the itching. The plant could also be boiled and the steam used for colds.  The patient would lie in the steam while he was covered with a blanket.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5201,395,Artemisia dracunculus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,169,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of plant used after injuries to wash horses' legs every day until healed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 169"
5306,397,Artemisia frigida Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of plant taken as medicine, possibly for venereal disease.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5413,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a 'liniment' for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5414,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a wash for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5415,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Hot decoction of plant taken, especially by the elderly, for colds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5416,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Plant used as incense to disinfect the house.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5417,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for over eating or indigestion.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5418,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Hot decoction of plant taken, especially by the elderly, for influenza.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5419,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of plant boiled with 'any kind of weeds' and used on injured areas as a bone setter.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5420,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,3,Other,37,Fuel,Plant used on the fire in the first smoking of a hide during the curing process. The smoke from this plant was supposed to soften the hide.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5421,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant burned and the smoke used as a good smudge against mosquitoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5422,399,Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,170,3,Other,58,Protection,"Plant used as incense to protect one against evil influences. If one had to go into a large crowd, he could smoke himself with this plant to protect himself against strangers who might bring him harm.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5794,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a bath for muscular ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5795,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a bath to 'rest your bones' and relax you.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5796,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of branches taken for colds. One informant's mother said that this sage was too strong and powerful to drink.  She said, 'you wouldn't have any more kids.  No children.'  She said that seems to close something up in your system, that it's just too powerful.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5797,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leafless twigs taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5799,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Weak decoction of plant used as a wash for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5800,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Dried branch smoke used to fumigate the house, to protect the inhabitants against sickness.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5802,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of leafless twigs taken for laryngitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5804,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Fibrous bark used in weaving bags and clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5805,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Fibrous bark used in weaving mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5806,407,Artemisia tridentata Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,172,3,Other,32,Containers,"Fibrous bark used in weaving mats, bags and clothing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172"
5873,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,257,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of washed roots taken for internal ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 257"
5874,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,257,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant taken for internal wounds and stomach problems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 257"
5875,414,Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,257,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of washed roots taken for influenza. It was said that too much of the decoction should not be taken because it would make you sick.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 257"
6057,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, powdered leaves rubbed on the hands as a deodorant.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6063,422,Asarum caudatum Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,2,Drug,,,Fresh or dried leaves used as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6254,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Cottony seed pappus formerly used for infant diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6255,442,Asclepias speciosa Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,165,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Inner bark used as a substitute for Indian hemp in making thread used for tying and binding.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 165"
6521,484,Astragalus miser Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,222,1,Food,,,Plant placed at the top of the cooking pit in the absence of black tree lichen and wild onion.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 222"
6588,498,Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Infusion of plant used for vomiting blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
6936,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Seeds eaten for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6938,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,2,Drug,15,Sedative,"Young shoots, when eaten in great quantities, caused sleepiness like sleeping pills.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6940,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Dried roots cooked and eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after meals. The dried roots were reconstituted by soaking in water overnight.  After they were cooked, the roots tasted sweet and were eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after a meal of dried fish or some other food as a main course.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6941,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cooked roots hung on strings, dried and then stored on the strings or in baskets. The dried roots were reconstituted by soaking in water overnight.  After they were cooked, the roots tasted sweet and were eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after a meal of dried fish or some other food as a main course.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6943,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,"Dried seed flour eaten as porridge, especially in times of famine. The seeds were laid on mats, sundried, placed in buckskin bags and pounded into a flour.  The resulting flour was made into a porridge and eaten, especially in times of famine.  One informant said that the seeds were 'choky'  and difficult to swallow if eaten alone.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6945,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,Loose or skewered roots cooked overnight in a steaming pit and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6949,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,"Root crown, with the young undeveloped leaves, used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6952,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,"Young leafstalks, leaves, young budstems and fruits used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6954,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,1,Food,,,Young shoots chewed while eating fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
6956,549,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,175,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Roots strung on long strings and used in trading.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
7301,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Sap tapped from trees in early spring and taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7302,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,2,Drug,126,Contraceptive,"Bark used for contraception. One informant recalled a case in which a woman in childbirth did not want any more children.  An old woman told her to take the afterbirth, stick it with an old bone awl, wrap it in fishnet and then in a piece of birch bark and place it high up on a particular kind of tree.  The patient was then given an infusion of bitter cherry or saskatoon wood and after that had no more children","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7303,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Sap tapped from trees in early spring and taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7304,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for baskets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7305,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for walls and roofing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7306,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for canoes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7307,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Tough, waterproof bark used as material for cradles.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7308,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,3,Other,32,Containers,"Tough, waterproof bark used as a material for lining storage caches. The bark was particularly important in the storage of food.  It could be stripped off in fall when it was quite papery and could be split into thin sheets.  These were weighted down with rocks to flatten them and then used to line the bottoms of berry baskets to keep the baskets from getting stained.  The bark was also placed between layers of dried salmon in storage and used in the storage of cooked roots such as lily corms.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7309,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Tough, waterproof bark used as a material for wrapping food. The bark was particularly important in the storage of food.  It could be stripped off in fall when it was quite papery and could be split into thin sheets.  These were weighted down with rocks to flatten them and then used to line the bottoms of berry baskets to keep the baskets from getting stained.  The bark was also placed between layers of dried salmon in storage and used in the storage of cooked roots such as lily corms.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7310,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,3,Other,38,Decorations,Bark used for decorations.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7311,580,Betula papyrifera Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,189,3,Other,143,Paper,Bark used for paper and cards.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189"
7635,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Dried grass rubbed until soft and used as sanitary napkins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
7636,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Grass, rubbed and softened, sometimes mixed with sagebrush bark, used to make socks.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
7637,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Grass used in drying soapberries. The grass was washed, braided at the ends and laid out on a rack upon which the soapberries were placed to dry.  A small fire was lit under the racks and when the berries were dried, they were stored with the grass still attached.  Then, for use, the berries and grass were soaked in water and hand mixed.  The grass, which helped to whip the berries, eventually floated to the top after which it was removed.  Any remaining grass was removed by the person eating the berry whip.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
7638,658,Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Tied bunches of grass used as soapberry whips.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
7743,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,119,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Mashed bulbs placed in cheesecloth and used for the eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 119"
7746,676,Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,119,1,Food,,,"Corms used for food, usually raw, but sometimes cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 119"
7829,695,Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,135,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Bulbs chewed or flowers sucked for mild epilepsy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 135"
7939,713,Campanula rotundifolia L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plant taken or used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
7975,723,Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves soaked in water overnight and eaten raw or cooked as a green vegetable.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
8056,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8057,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8058,736,Carex atherodes Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8087,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8088,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8089,746,Carex obnupta Bailey,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8096,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,50,Fodder,Grass used for animal feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8097,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8099,751,Carex rostrata Stokes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,,,Bulbs used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8124,752,Carex sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Leaves used as brushes for cleaning things.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8125,752,Carex sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,114,1,Food,5,Forage,"Leaves eaten by goats, horses and other animals.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8402,770,Cassiope mertensiana (Bong.) D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken over a period of time for tuberculosis and spitting up blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
8403,771,Cassiope sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken over a period of time for tuberculosis and spitting up blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
8516,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,2,Drug,,,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8517,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,1,Food,50,Fodder,Plant used as hummingbird feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8518,790,Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,3,Other,38,Decorations,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8539,797,Castilleja sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,2,Drug,,,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8540,797,Castilleja sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,284,3,Other,38,Decorations,Broken plant parts used in the house for decoration or for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 284"
8710,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of leaves and twigs used for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8711,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of branches used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8712,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves used as a bath or leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism or arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8713,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of leaves and twigs used for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8714,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of plant taken for arthritis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8715,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of plant used for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8716,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,253,Dietary Aid,Decoction of branches taken for weight loss.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8717,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves and twigs with Indian hellebore used for broken limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8718,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of branches taken for general illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8719,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken for an unspecified ailment.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8720,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,2,Drug,,,Plant used in sweatbath for an unspecified illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8722,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant considered a favorite food of deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8724,819,Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,252,3,Other,106,Soap,Infusion of leaves and twigs with Indian hellebore used as a wash for bathing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
9020,848,Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,,,Plant considered a good medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9318,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9319,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,50,Fodder,Stalks used for pigfeed.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9320,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,,,"Stalks eaten raw like celery, boiled or steamed.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9322,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,,,Young shoots peeled and eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9323,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,3,Other,32,Containers,"Leaves put in cooking pits by oldtimers, to protect the food while cooking.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9324,882,Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant blooms indicated that the deer would be fat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
9432,894,Chenopodium album L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,203,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Boiled leaves eaten as greens.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 203"
9487,898,Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi,259,Thompson,10,tta90,203,3,Other,26,Paint,Plant tops mashed with a little water and used to make ink to write with.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 203"
9856,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of plant used as a wash for aching bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9857,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Poultice of root used for severe pain in the legs and back.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9858,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Boiled, roots used by bedridden patients or poultice of roots used for broken hips. The bedridden patient's back was splashed with water and the boiled, mashed roots placed on the back to help the patient recover.  The informant warned that the poultice should not be left on for more than half of an hour and that because of its toxicity, it should never be taken internally.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9859,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9861,941,Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,150,2,Drug,13,Poison,"Considered one of the most toxic plants in North America for people, horses, cattle and sheep.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150"
9948,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9949,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,56,Soup,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9950,958,Cirsium edule Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9953,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9954,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
9956,959,Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10027,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10028,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10029,973,Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10049,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10050,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10051,975,Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,1,Food,,,Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown.  One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.'  One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
10097,983,Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10098,984,Citrus medica L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10102,986,Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck,259,Thompson,10,tta90,275,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit much prized for food after it became available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 275"
10134,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Corms made into cakes and dried for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10136,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,,,"Corms rubbed clean, cooked in pits or steamed and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10138,1001,Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Corms buried fresh in underground caches and stored for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
10151,1005,Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,241,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Plant used for sore eyes and for 'helping someone to see the right.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 241"
10259,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Sap used for boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10260,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,18,Other,Decoction of plant used to bathe babies if they seemed to take after animals or deceased people.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10261,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of plant given to children who habitually wet their beds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10262,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of plant used to bathe babies if they seemed to take after animals or deceased people.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10265,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of cut stem pieces applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10266,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of plant given to children who habitually wet their beds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10267,1019,Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,247,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Cottony seed fluff used in infant diapers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10419,1033,Clintonia uniflora (Menzies ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kunth,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,5,Dye,,,"Mashed, blue, berry like fruits used as a dye or stain. Large quantities of the fruits had to be used in order for the dye or stain to be effective.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
10495,1051,Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,281,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 281"
10923,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of two bark strips and two cascara bark strips taken as a 'blood purifier.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10924,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of two bark strips and two cascara bark strips taken for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10926,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Strained decoction of flower heads used to wash the skin for 'seven year itch.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10927,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of two bark strips & two cascara bark strips taken to improve hunters lungs before hiking.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10928,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,5,Dye,108,Black,Bark & fir bark boiled into a black dye & used to dye bitter cherry bark for imbricating baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10929,1096,Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,5,Dye,150,Brown,Bark boiled to make an intense brown dye & used to color bitter cherry bark for imbricating baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10961,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,"Fruit considered a good 'tonic,' especially for intestinal worms.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10962,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of branches, wild rose and choke cherry branches taken for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10963,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,"Decoction of branches, wild rose and choke cherry branches taken for vomiting.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10964,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of branches taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10965,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Plant used as a medicine for anything by the elderly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10966,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of plant, squaw currant branches and fir or tamarack used as a baby bath. The decoction was used to bathe four to six month old babies four to six times over a period of several weeks.  It was said to make the baby strong, bright and good natured.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10967,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,13,Poison,Sap used on arrowheads for the poisonous effect upon animals.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10968,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Decoction of plant, squaw currant branches and fir or tamarack used as a baby bath. The decoction was used to bathe four to six month old babies four to six times over a period of several weeks.  It was said to make the baby strong, bright and good natured.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10969,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make the bow at the top of a baby's cradle.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10970,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,41,Dessert,Fruit eaten as dessert.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10971,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries and saskatoon berries smashed together, dried, rehydrated and eaten in the winter. The berries were also pounded with choke cherries, seeds and all and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10972,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Bitter, seedy fruits eaten alone or mashed with dried, 'white' saskatoon berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10973,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Flexible branches used to make the frame of a cylindrical basketry trap. The frame was tied together with 'gray willow' rope.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10974,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Sap used on arrowheads for the poisonous effect upon animals.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
10975,1100,Cornus sericea L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,204,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Twisted branches used to make gill nets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204"
11254,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Buds chewed to become a good singer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11255,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,1,Food,10,Snack Food,Nuts eaten for refreshments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11256,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Nuts used for trade.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11257,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Young suckers used as salmon spreaders in the absence of saskatoon branches.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11258,1111,Corylus cornuta Marsh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,190,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Young branch softened with urine, twisted and used to make a dipnet hoop.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190"
11375,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Fruit considered a good health food for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11376,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea and dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11381,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Fruit considered a good health food for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11382,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Mashed fruit dried for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11383,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit, without the seeds, eaten fresh or pureed.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11385,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit made into jam or jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11387,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Spines used for fish hooks.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11388,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,3,Other,17,Tools,Spines used for piercing ears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11390,1123,Crataegus douglasii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,258,3,Other,17,Tools,Strong wood used for digging sticks and axe handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258"
11552,1156,Cryptogramma sitchensis (Rupr.) T. Moore,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Infusion of washed, strained fronds used as an eyewash.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
11553,1156,Cryptogramma sitchensis (Rupr.) T. Moore,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,"Infusion of washed, strained fronds taken for gallstones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
11569,1157,Cucumis melo L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,206,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 206"
12448,1287,Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,,,Root used as some kind of medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
12643,1322,Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,245,3,Other,167,Designs,"Flower used as a pattern for beadwork on gloves, moccasins, vests and jackets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245"
12684,1334,Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12706,1338,Dryopteris expansa (K. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12723,1342,Dryopteris sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,88,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
12992,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of roots and sumac roots taken for syphilis. This medicine was considered very poisonous and had to be taken with fish head soup to counteract the poison.  One informant who was treated with this medicine recovered from syphilis but, afterwards, could never have children.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12993,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12995,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12996,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12999,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,3,Other,32,Containers,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13000,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Bark twine used in drying roots and bunches of tied bark used as soapberry whippers. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, the bark could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of the fresh or dried bark, after it was soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.  The bark wine was used in twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing and also to thread bitter roots, avalanche lily corms and other roots for drying.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13001,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Seeds, sometimes painted gold, used to decorate Christmas cards.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13002,1374,Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,207,3,Other,125,Jewelry,"Cleaned, polished seeds, with holes drilled in them, strung and used as necklaces.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
13336,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction or infusion of stems used after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly. The decoction or infusion was taken immediately after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly.  The stems were usually gathered ahead of time being pulled up, the roots cut off and the stems cut into short segments and dried.  Then, just before childbirth, a small handful of the cut stems was steeped in boiling water for five or ten minutes.  The woman could drink this tea for several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13337,1421,Equisetum arvense L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new plant tops taken for 'stoppage of urine.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13408,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Stem liquid used for sore eyes or decoction of stems used for sore, itchy eyes or cataracts. The stem liquid, which was collected in the springtime, could be stored in the refrigerator and used whenever needed.  The stem decoction was used as an eyewash for sore or itchy eyes or for impending blindness such as that caused by cataracts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13409,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of roots taken during difficult childbirth, to accelerate it.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13410,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction or infusion of stems taken after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly. The decoction or infusion was taken immediately after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly.  The stems were usually gathered ahead of time being pulled up, the roots cut off and the stems cut into short segments and dried.  Then, just before childbirth, a small handful of the cut stems was steeped in boiling water for five or ten minutes.  The woman could drink this tea for several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13411,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new growths taken for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13412,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13413,1422,Equisetum hyemale L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Stem liquid used to kill any type of weed. The stem segments were pulled apart and the water was splashed over the weeds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13462,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Stem liquid used for sore eyes or decoction of stems used for sore, itchy eyes or blindness. The stem liquid, which was collected in the springtime, could be stored in the refrigerator and used whenever needed.  The stem decoction was used as an eyewash for sore or itchy eyes or for impending blindness such as that caused by cataracts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13463,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken to accelerate a difficult childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13464,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction or infusion of stems taken after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly. The decoction or infusion was taken immediately after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly.  The stems were usually gathered ahead of time being pulled up, the roots cut off and the stems cut into short segments and dried.  Then, just before childbirth, a small handful of the cut stems was steeped in boiling water for five or ten minutes.  The woman could drink this tea for several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13465,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new growths taken for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13466,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13468,1424,Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Stem liquid used to kill any type of weed. The stem segments were pulled apart and the water was splashed over the weeds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13493,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Stem liquid used for sore eyes or decoction of stem used for sore, itchy eyes or blindness. The stem liquid, which was collected in the springtime, could be stored in the refrigerator and used whenever needed.  The stem decoction was used as an eyewash for sore or itchy eyes or for impending blindness such as that caused by cataracts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13494,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction or infusion of stems taken after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly. The decoction or infusion was taken immediately after childbirth to expel the afterbirth more quickly.  The stems were usually gathered ahead of time being pulled up, the roots cut off and the stems cut into short segments and dried.  Then, just before childbirth, a small handful of the cut stems was steeped in boiling water for five or ten minutes.  The woman could drink this tea for several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13495,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new growths taken for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13496,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,"Rough, silicon impregnated stems used to smooth and polish implements of wood, bone and steatite. The stems were used to do the final polishing of wooden spoons and to polish the soft rock used for pipe bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13499,1428,Equisetum sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,3,Other,186,Fertilizer,Stem liquid used to kill any type of weed. The stem segments were pulled apart and the water was splashed over the weeds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13529,1430,Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,86,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Decoction of new plant tops used for 'stoppage of urine.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 86"
13670,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13671,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13672,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomach cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13673,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a medicine for 'drinking and bathing.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13674,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plant taken for 'all diseases.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13675,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13676,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Decoction of plant taken for colds, venereal diseases, bladder trouble and tuberculosis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13677,1454,Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa,259,Thompson,10,tta90,178,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for venereal disease.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178"
13721,1467,Erigeron compositus Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant and any kind of 'weeds' used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13743,1472,Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant and any kind of 'weeds' used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13813,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Decoction of plant taken for backache, stomachache or menstrual cramps.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13817,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for stomachache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
13819,1483,Erigeron sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,180,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of plant taken for menstrual cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 180"
14029,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14032,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14037,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"Decoction of washed, clean plant taken for sickness on the lung.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14038,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Decoction of washed, clean plant taken for tuberculosis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14039,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of plant taken in large quantities for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14040,1510,Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,237,2,Drug,,,Decoction of plant taken or used as a wash for an unspecified illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 237"
14351,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,85,Candy,Small root ends of corms eaten as candy by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14352,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Raw corms dried for future use in soups or stews. The corms were laid out loosely on a scaffold and allowed to partially dry until they had wilted so that they would not split when strung.  Then they were strung with needles onto long strings or thin sticks and allowed to dry completely.  The strings were tied at the ends to make a large necklace like loop which could be hung up for storage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14353,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Corms used to make a traditional kind of pudding. The pudding was made by boiling together such traditional ingredients as dried black tree lichen, dried saskatoon berries, cured salmon eggs, tiger lily bulbs or bitterroot and deer fat.  Some of these ingredients, including avalanche lily corms, were optional. Nowadays flour is often used as a substitute for black tree lichen and sugar is added.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14354,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,56,Soup,"Raw, dried corms used in soups and stews.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14355,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,"Corms considered an important traditional food source. Because raw corms were considered poisonous, most of the corms were pit cooked, either immediately after harvesting or at a later date after they had been strung and dried.  In the latter case, they were soaked for a few minutes in lukewarm water until they had regained about two-thirds of their moisture before being placed in the cooking pit.  They could be eaten immediately or redried for later use, when they could be could again very quickly.  One informant confirmed that the corms cooked and eaten immediately after harvesting were not as sweet and good as those that had been stored first.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14357,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,"Corms eaten with meat and fish as the vegetable portion of a meal, like potatoes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14358,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,,,Deep fried corms used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14361,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Strings of dried corms used as trading items.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14362,1561,Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,"Corms used as wagers in gambling. Some of the women used to climb up the valley sides to dig sacks of corms which they used as wagers in gambling.  The winners would stagger down the hillside with several sacks of corms, while others, who had worked just as hard, would return home empty handed, having lost in the gambling.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
14906,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14907,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea or dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14908,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14909,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of roots or whole plant bottle fed to babies for diarrhea or dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14910,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries, if plentiful, dried for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
14911,1636,Fragaria vesca L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15024,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15025,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea or dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15026,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Berries used as deodorant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15027,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15028,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of roots or whole plant bottle fed to babies for diarrhea or dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15029,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Berries, if plentiful, dried for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15030,1640,Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,259,Thompson,10,tta90,259,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259"
15132,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of four bark strips used as a skin wash for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15134,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Strong or mild decoction of bark and sometimes wood used as a physic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15135,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of two bark strips and flowering dogwood bark taken for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15137,1648,Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper,259,Thompson,10,tta90,253,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of bark and red elderberry roots taken for liver diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
15346,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Washed bulbs dried for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15347,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,86,Spice,Bulbs used in flavoring soups.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15349,1666,Fritillaria affinis var. affinis,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,,,Roots steam cooked with a little water and put in puddings or pit cooked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15385,1669,Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,125,1,Food,,,Bulbs eaten when available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 125"
15425,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,181,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Infusion of whole plant used for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 181"
15426,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,181,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Poultice of lightly toasted, pounded plant mixed with bear grease and used for 'mumps.'","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 181"
15427,1675,Gaillardia aristata Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,181,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 181"
15697,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed, dried and made into cakes for later use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15699,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed and eaten fresh with other berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15701,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15702,1703,Gaultheria shallon Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,213,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jams.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213"
15856,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant used as a medicine for women.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
15857,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used as a love charm or love potion.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
15859,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,,,Roots used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
15860,1730,Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,225,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowers possibly used for witchcraft.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225"
16093,1763,Goodyera oblongifolia Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,136,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Leaves chewed prenatally to determine the sex of a baby and to insure an easy delivery. If the mother could swallow the chewed leaf, the baby was going to be a girl, but if she could not, then it was going to be a boy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 136"
16391,1793,Hackelia diffusa (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston,259,Thompson,10,tta90,192,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by sheep. The plant was not used by people as it was considered a noxious weed because the burred fruits stuck to fur and clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192"
16943,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16945,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Plant formerly dried for storage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16947,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Plant frozen for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16950,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Peeled shoots eaten as vegetables with meat or fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16951,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Peeled, raw or cooked leaf stalks and flower stalks used for food. The stalks were ready to use around May and June, but after a while, they became tough, dry or sticky and were no longer good to eat.  The raw stalks would cause a burning like pepper if eaten in too great a quantity;  it was better to eat cooked stalks.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
16952,1851,Heracleum maximum Bartr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,152,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Plant canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152"
17064,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Chewed leaves and roots spat on sores or wounds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17065,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of root with Douglas fir pitch used for wounds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17066,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of root taken for liver trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17067,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Small, peeled, cleaned root piece chewed for mouth sores and gum boils.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17068,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17069,1868,Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,,,Root used for medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17085,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Chewed leaves and roots spat on sores or wounds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17086,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of mashed root with Douglas fir pitch used for wounds. The poultice was covered with a cloth and when it was taken off, all the poison was extracted from the open wound.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17087,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of roots taken for liver trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17088,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Small, peeled, cleaned root piece chewed for mouth sores and gum boils.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17089,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of root taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17090,1873,Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,282,2,Drug,,,Root used as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17275,1896,Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,141,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Easily braided grass used in play by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 141"
17373,1904,Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,261,3,Other,58,Protection,Extremely hard wood used to make cuirasses and other types of armor.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 261"
18522,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of branches taken for aching muscles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18523,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of branches taken as a physic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18524,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of branches used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18528,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Infusion of three, ten centimeter long branches taken to 'make your insides nice.'","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18529,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of boughs taken for 'leakage of the heart.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18530,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,184,Hypotensive,Infusion of branches taken for high blood pressure. The branches were steeped in boiling water until the water cooled.  The cool infusion was taken for two weeks after which the blood pressure returned to normal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18532,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of branches used for kidney ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18533,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of branches taken as a tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18536,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Branches used for tuberculosis. It was said that for the medicine to be really effective, the boughs should be taken from a plant growing all by itself.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
18537,2054,Juniperus communis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,1,Food,27,Beverage,Small pieces of branches used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19041,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of berries used externally for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19042,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of branches and berries taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19043,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of berries used as a wash for all types of bites and stings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19044,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of boughs taken or used as a wash for hives or sores. The informant said that she used a decoction of mashed boughs and Douglas fir to bathe her children when they had the 'seven year itch' and that it worked, but not as well as modern medicine.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19045,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,"Decoction or infusion of plant used to disinfect the house after an illness or death. The decoction was used to scrub the floors, walls and furniture after an illness or death in the house.  It was also used to wash the deceased person's bedding and clothing as well as serving as a protective wash for other members of the household.  The steam from the infusion was also said to have a disinfecting effect.  If they knew that an illness was going to arrive, they broke the branches and burned them in the house for the strong smoke which they said would keep the air fresh so that the sickness would not affect them.  They also burned the branches after a death in the house to freshen the air.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19047,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Fresh or dried berries eaten as a diuretic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19048,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of berries used externally for stomach ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19049,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of branches and berries taken every morning just before childbirth. The decoction was taken every morning just before childbirth to promote muscular relaxation.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19050,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Decoction of branches and berries taken for heart trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19051,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19052,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of boughs used for 'black measles' or chickenpox.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19053,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant considered effective in combating evil 'spirits' associated with illness and death.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19054,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of branches and berries taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19056,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Fresh or dried berries eaten for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19059,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Tree used to bring good luck.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19060,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Hunters rubbed the boughs on themselves as protection against grizzlies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19062,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood used to make the two outer prongs of a leister, the center from 'ironwood' or saskatoon wood.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19065,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,58,Protection,"Boughs used as protection against illnesses and death. One informant said that, formerly, when a person died the branches were broken and laid in the coffin to keep the germs away and to keep the spirit or 'ghost' of the deceased person from harming or scaring the living.  The informant also said that the branches could be placed on the stove in a little dish and the scent allowed to permeate the room.  The branches could also be placed around the edges of the family's bedrooms as a disinfectant.  They were left there until they lost their strong, pungent odor.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19066,2062,Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,92,3,Other,58,Protection,Hunters rubbed the boughs on themselves as protection against grizzlies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92"
19560,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Poultice of pitch mixed with fat or Vaseline and used for sores, cuts and burns.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19561,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of small pieces of branches and tops used for cancer. A decoction of plant tops was used to wash the areas affected by cancer.  A second decoction of branch pieces was taken internally.  It made the emaciated patient get better and gain weight.  This treatment was used after a 'western' doctor diagnosed the breast cancer patient as being terminal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19562,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Branches used for dry coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19563,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of bark used as a wash for wounds, such as bullet wounds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19564,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pitch used for sores, cuts and burns. The pitch was mixed with tallow and used as a poultice for sores or it was mixed with fat or Vaseline and used for cuts and burns.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19565,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,238,Dietary Aid,Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark used to stimulate the appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19566,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark used for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19567,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark taken as a form of birth control after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19568,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Branches used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19569,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Pitch considered a valuable bone setter for broken bones that would not heal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19570,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Branches used as a medicine for any type of illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19571,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of bark used as a wash or bath for babies, to make them strong and healthy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19574,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Poultice of pitch used or infusion of pitch taken for respiratory diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19575,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Decoction of bark used as a wash or bath for babies, to make them strong and healthy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19576,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch used or infusion of pitch taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19577,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,1,Food,85,Candy,Gum from trunk and branches chewed for pleasure.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19579,2100,Larix occidentalis Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,99,3,Other,26,Paint,Pitch burned until dry to make a reddish pigment and used as a face paint for women and men.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99"
19852,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,259,Thompson,10,tta90,214,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and twigs made into a tea like beverage and used in place of coffee.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 214"
19853,2125,Ledum groenlandicum Oeder,259,Thompson,10,tta90,214,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves made into a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 214"
20054,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Roots used as an ingredient in fruit cake.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20055,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Peeled roots dried loose or large roots stored on strings for future use. The roots were dried on strings in order to determine the market value or trade worth.  The dried roots were eaten with saskatoon berries and salmon eggs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20056,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,"Roots cooked with black tree lichen, dough and fresh salmon and made into a pudding. Sometimes the roots were cooked with black tree lichen, fermented salmon eggs, yellow avalanche lily corms, saskatoon berries and deer fat to make a similar kind of pudding.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20057,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,47,Special Food,"Dried roots cooked in soups such as fish head soup, but only served on special occasions. Because the roots were so valuable, they were only served on special occasions.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20059,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,1,Food,,,Fresh roots pit cooked or boiled in watertight baskets using red hot stones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20063,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,"Strung, dried roots used as a trade item.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20065,2159,Lewisia rediviva Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,243,3,Other,224,Plant Indicator,Presence of plant indicated the growth of another plant type.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243"
20081,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Hollow straw used to clear the blocked nipple of a cow. The udder was splashed with warm water, massaged and the straw poked into it to clear the blockage.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20082,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Culms used for basket imbrication as a substitute for another plant or other swamp grasses.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20083,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Grass used to line old style graves.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20084,2160,Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. L”ve,259,Thompson,10,tta90,140,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Stout culms broken into lengths and poked into edges of cut fish to hold it flat while drying.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140"
20220,2177,Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,153,2,Drug,,,Roots used medicinally whenever obtainable.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 153"
20282,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Pit cooked bulbs dried for future use and usually cooked with meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20283,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,56,Soup,"Bulbs used to make a soup like clam chowder. A vegetable soup was made with salmon heads, bitterroot, tiger lily bulbs, water horehound roots, chocolate lily bulbs, the 'dry' variety of saskatoon berries, dried powdered bracken fern rhizome and chopped wild onions.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20284,2184,Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker,259,Thompson,10,tta90,126,1,Food,86,Spice,"Thick, scaly bulbs eaten mainly as a condiment or cooked with food to add a pepper like flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126"
20430,2205,Linum lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,234,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of whole plant with the roots used to wash the hair and scalp if hair loss occurred.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 234"
20627,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,192,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Hard, white, shiny seeds formerly used to make beads.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192"
20628,2219,Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,192,3,Other,58,Protection,Plant used as a charm to stop a thunderstorm.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192"
20804,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,259,Thompson,10,tta90,154,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of dried root used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 154"
20805,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,259,Thompson,10,tta90,154,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of washed, pounded root used for sprains and as a bone setter for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 154"
20806,2235,Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance,259,Thompson,10,tta90,154,1,Food,,,"Roots dug in the early spring, pit cooked until soft, like balsam roots, and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 154"
20967,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Leaves used in babies' bath water to make them sleep a lot.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20969,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,Roots eaten by elderly couples to help them conceive.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20970,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,2,Drug,15,Sedative,"Leaves used as padding, especially in children's cradles, to cause them to sleep a lot.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20971,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Leaves used in babies' bath water to make them sleep a lot.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20973,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Leaves used as padding, especially in children's cradles, to cause them to sleep a lot.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20974,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots dug in the springtime, peeled and dried for later use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20975,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Roots used in puddings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20976,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,86,Spice,"Roots cooked with meat stews, saskatoon berries or tiger lily bulbs as a flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
20977,2243,Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,155,1,Food,,,Boiled roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 155"
21016,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of leaves, strawberry leaves and ginger root used as a vitamin supplement for colds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21018,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Infusion of two teaspoons of dried seeds used to 'sweat the cold out.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21020,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,Dried leaves used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21022,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Mature fruits, leaves and other plant parts preserved & used all year to make a tea like beverage.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21023,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Young, green fruits used to make tea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21024,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Leaves frozen or canned for future use or dried and used to flavor stews or other dishes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21025,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,"Leaves frozen, canned or dried for future use and used to flavor stews or other dishes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21026,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Green, undeveloped fruits chewed raw.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21027,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,86,Spice,"Green, undeveloped fruits used as a flavoring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21028,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,86,Spice,Leaves used as a flavoring in soups and stews.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21032,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Leaves eaten raw or cooked as a potherb.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21034,2246,Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose,259,Thompson,10,tta90,156,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Leaves frozen or canned for future use or dried and used to flavor stews and other dishes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156"
21107,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Flowers sucked for epilepsy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21108,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion of woody part of vine taken in small amounts or used as a bath for children with epilepsy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21109,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Infusion of woody part of vine taken in small amounts or used as a bath for epilepsy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21110,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,142,Reproductive Aid,"Decoction of chopped, cooked vine stems taken by women who could not become pregnant.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21111,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Vine pieces used under the pillow to induce sound sleep.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21113,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,5,Dye,108,Black,Stems used as a black dye for bitter cherry.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21114,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Vines used with other plants as building materials. The vines were used with willow withes to reinforce suspension bridges across canyons and rivers.  The vines were also twisted with coyote willow to lash together the framing poles of underground pit houses and to make a pliable ladder on the outside of the pit house, running from the opening down to the ground.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21117,2259,Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,196,1,Food,85,Candy,Nectar sucked from flowers by children.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196"
21206,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all used for scabs and sores.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21208,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,225,Dietary Aid,Decoction of stems and leaves taken as a tonic 'for vitamins.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21210,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all used for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21212,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all taken for sore throat.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21213,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,"Decoction of sticks, leaves and all taken for bladder trouble.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21214,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by grizzly bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21215,2265,Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,197,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten, but not commonly exploited as a food source. One informant ate the berries, but was told by her mother not to eat them.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 197"
21347,2301,Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21349,2301,Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant eaten by horses as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21361,2305,Lupinus sericeus Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21362,2305,Lupinus sericeus Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant eaten by horses as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21379,2306,Lupinus sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21380,2306,Lupinus sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,224,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant eaten by horses as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
21498,2321,Lycopodium clavatum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,87,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Plant used as a Christmas decoration. One informant used it as a Christmas decoration, but was told not to use it by her chief, as it was considered to bring bad luck.  He said, 'that's for the devil.'","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 87"
21532,2330,Lycopus uniflorus Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,232,1,Food,41,Dessert,Cooked tuberous root eaten for dessert.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 232"
21534,2330,Lycopus uniflorus Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,232,1,Food,,,Tuberous root steamed or baked and used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 232"
21681,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,259,Thompson,10,tta90,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Charcoal used for wounds. The charcoal was applied four times, the fourth time being mixed with bear grease.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113"
21682,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,259,Thompson,10,tta90,113,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powdered, charred rhizome mixed with bear grease, used as an ointment for animal bites & infections.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113"
21683,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,259,Thompson,10,tta90,113,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Leaves placed under pillows during sleep or the head washed with charcoal to induce 'power dreams.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113"
21684,2337,Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John,259,Thompson,10,tta90,113,3,Other,58,Protection,Charcoal used as protection against 'witchcraft.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113"
21868,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of peeled, chopped rootbark used as a wash for arthritis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21869,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),"Decoction of peeled, chopped rootbark taken for arthritis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21870,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,"Decoction of peeled, chopped rootbark taken as a blood tonic.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21871,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Infusion of stems and bark used to make an eyewash for red, itchy eyes. The woody stems were broken, the bark scraped off and boiling water was poured over it to make an infusion.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21872,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Fruit considered an 'excellent laxative.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21873,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Fruit eaten as a 'tonic.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21874,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of peeled, chopped roots taken for syphilis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21875,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Outer bark boiled to make a bright yellow dye used for basket materials.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21876,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried in the absence of any other fruit.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21877,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten fresh, a few at a time.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21878,2370,Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21927,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Decoction of peeled, chopped rootbark used as wash for arthritis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21928,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),"Decoction of peeled, chopped rootbark taken for arthritis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21929,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,"Decoction of peeled, chopped rootbark taken as a blood tonic. The woody stems were broken, the bark scraped off and boiling water was poured over it to make an infusion.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21930,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Infusion of woody stems and bark used as an eyewash for red, itchy eyes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21931,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Fruit considered an 'excellent laxative.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21932,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Plant induced dreams of someone sleeping when brought into the house.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21933,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Decoction of peeled, chopped roots taken for syphilis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21934,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,5,Dye,72,Yellow,Root bark boiled to make a bright yellow dye used for basket materials.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
21935,2374,Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,187,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187"
22128,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of leaves taken two or three times a day for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22129,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of rhizomes taken in several doses over a period of several days for cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22131,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of leaves and roots taken during pregnancy for internal soreness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22133,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Decoction of rhizomes taken in several doses over a period of several days for heart trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22134,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of rhizomes taken for a sore or ulcerated throat. The decoction was taken in several doses over a period of several days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22135,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,5,Forage,Rhizomes eaten by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22138,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,86,Spice,Leafy shoots cooked as a flavoring for meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22139,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22140,2381,Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Young shoots cooked and eaten like asparagus.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
22171,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,259,Thompson,10,tta90,129,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of leaves taken two or three times a day for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 129"
22172,2382,Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link,259,Thompson,10,tta90,129,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of crushed, dried leaves and fruits taken for colds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 129"
22289,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of bark and cascara bark taken for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
22290,2391,Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit picked in fall when still green, allowed to ripen in a basket and eaten with oulachen oil.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
22773,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of plant taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
22779,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Infusion of plant taken to prevent influenza. One informant said that during the flu epidemic after the first World War, her grandmother made a big potful of mint tea.  She and her family drank this and didn't get sick.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
22782,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,1,Food,,,Greens warmed over an open fire and eaten with dried fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
22783,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,3,Other,32,Containers,"Plant tops used as a liner for dried fish platters, to counteract the strong odor.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
22785,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Whole plant soaked in warm water to make a solution used to scent feather pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
22786,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Plant used all over the house for bedbugs and other insect pests.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
22787,2443,Mentha arvensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,233,3,Other,106,Soap,Whole plant soaked in warm water to make a solution used as a hair dressing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233"
23429,2521,Monotropa uniflora L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Dried powdered stems applied to sores or burned stalk rubbed on sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
23430,2521,Monotropa uniflora L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant used for sores that would not heal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
23431,2521,Monotropa uniflora L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,3,Other,224,Plant Indicator,Abundance of plant in woods indicated many mushrooms in the coming season.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
23994,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,288,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant used on cuts and sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 288"
23995,2587,Nicotiana tabacum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,288,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Plant used as an offering in the sweat house.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 288"
24123,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Powdered, dried leaves mixed with bear grease and used as an ointment for swellings.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
24124,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powdered, dried leaves mixed with bear grease and used as an ointment for bites and infections.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
24125,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Large rhizomes chewed for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
24126,2596,Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal,259,Thompson,10,tta90,235,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Rhizomes sliced and dried like apples.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235"
24233,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,Smashed fruit made into bread.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
24234,2610,Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,262,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit eaten fresh. It was cautioned that if too much fruit was eaten, one would get 'bleeding lungs.'","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262"
24537,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,164,2,Drug,323,Dietary Aid,"Infusion of sticks, with the spines and outer bark removed, taken to cease weight loss. The infusion was taken in doses of about one half cup before meals, to replace milk and other beverages.  It was noted that if the infusion was taken for too great a period of time, one could gain too much weight.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164"
24538,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,164,2,Drug,260,Dietary Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken to give one a good appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164"
24541,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,164,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164"
24543,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,164,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of roots taken for diabetes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164"
24544,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,164,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Infusion of sticks, with the spines and outer bark removed, taken for influenza and other illnesses. The infusion was taken in doses of about one half cup before meals, to replace milk and other beverages.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164"
24545,2640,Oplopanax horridus Miq.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,164,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Infusion of sticks, with the spines and outer bark removed, taken for everything. The infusion was taken in doses of about one half cup before meals, to replace milk and other beverages.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164"
24661,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Stems roasted over a fire, peeled and eaten as dessert by children.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24662,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Stems used for food during times of famine. The stems were used for food during times of famine because they could be harvested even during the winter and early spring when few other foods were available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24663,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,,,"Stems steam cooked in pits, the outer, spiny skin peeled off and the insides used for food. The stems could also be baked in hot coals until the spines were singed off and then squeezed until the fleshy centers popped out.  The inside part was eaten and considered quite tasty.  In recent years, some people mixed cactus stems with fruit cakes, but traditionally, it was eaten with northern black currants or other types of berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24664,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Stems mixed with berry juice and canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24665,2659,Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Mucilaginous material from cut stems used for glue by some people, but not considered very good.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24777,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,41,Dessert,"Stems roasted over a fire, peeled and eaten as dessert by children.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24778,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Stems used for food during times of famine. The stems were used for food during times of famine because they could be harvested even during the winter and early spring when few other foods were available.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24782,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,,,"Stems steam cooked in pits, the outer, spiny skin peeled off and the insides used for food. The stems could also be baked in hot coals until the spines were singed off and then squeezed until the fleshy centers popped out.  The inside part was eaten and considered quite tasty.  In recent years, some people mixed cactus stems with fruit cakes, but traditionally, it was eaten with northern black currants or other types of berries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24783,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Stems mixed with berry juice and canned for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24784,2667,Opuntia polyacantha Haw.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,194,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Mucilaginous material from cut stems used for glue by some people, but not considered very good.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194"
24895,2678,Ornithogalum umbellatum L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,127,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plant used only ornamentally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 127"
25050,2697,Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,158,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Root chewed for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 158"
25603,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,202,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Decoction or infusion of plant used for internal ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 202"
25604,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,202,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction or infusion of plant used for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 202"
25605,2765,Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,202,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction or infusion of branches taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 202"
25897,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of plant used as a wash for arthritis or as a bath for any kind of aches and sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25898,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Whole plant used to make bathing water for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25899,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Decoction of leaves used as an eyewash for sore, red eyes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25901,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash. The informant used the infusion as an eyewash after she had gotten glass splinters in her eye.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25902,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant taken for ulcers and 'to clean you out.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25904,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of plant with other 'weeds' used as a poultice for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25906,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,"Decoction of plant used on horses' legs. The decoction was used to wash a horse's leg and after just a couple of days, the horse was able to walk again.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25907,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,5,Dye,,,Plant used in making a dye for basket designs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25908,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant frequented by bees and hummingbirds for the nectar.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25909,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,1,Food,86,Spice,Plant used in pit cooking nodding onions.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
25910,2808,Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene,259,Thompson,10,tta90,286,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plant used as a yellow-flowered garden shrub frequented by hummingbirds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286"
26403,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Dried, powdered leaves mixed with pitch or bear grease and rubbed on the skin for swellings.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26404,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Powdered, burned wood mixed with pitch or bear grease and rubbed on the skin for swellings.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26405,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,Poultice of bruised leaves used by women for infected breasts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26406,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, powdered leaves mixed with pitch or bear grease and rubbed on the skin for sores.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26407,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powdered, burned wood mixed with pitch or bear grease and rubbed on the skin for sores.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26408,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Strained decoction of branches, sometimes with the blossoms, used as a soaking solution for eczema. It was said that the treatment should be used three times over a period of days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26409,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,"Strained decoction of branches, sometimes with the blossoms, used to soak bleeding hemorrhoids. It was said that the treatment should be used three times over a period of days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26410,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Strained decoction of branches taken for sore chest.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26411,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Sticks used as edging for birch bark baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26413,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Sticks used as edging for birch bark cradle hoods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26414,2875,Philadelphus lewisii Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,230,3,Other,17,Tools,Hard wood used for making knitting needles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230"
26627,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Stems used in basket imbrication.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
26629,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Stems twined together to make food drying mats similar to those of tule stems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
26631,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Stems twined together to make food drying mats similar to those of tule stems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
26633,2901,Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,142,3,Other,38,Decorations,"Whitish culms valued for the use in decoration of coiled split cedar root baskets. The culms were harvested while still green and soft, warmed over the coals of a fire and broken at the nodes.  They were then split open, flattened and used together with dyed and undyed bitter cherry bark to create patterns on coiled cedar root baskets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 142"
26644,2906,Phyllodoce empetriformis (Sm.) D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken over a period of time for tuberculosis and spitting up blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
26645,2907,Phyllodoce sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,215,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of plant taken over a period of time for tuberculosis and spitting up blood.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215"
26868,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,"Decoction of needles and gum taken for cancer. It was said that if this treatment did not work, nothing would work.  The decoction was taken with a spoon directly from the bark blisters and in concentrated form.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
26869,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of needles and gum taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
26870,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch used for eczema.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
26872,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Tree and red cedar tree caused vivid dreams for anyone who slept under it.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
26876,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,1,Food,,,Sap considered edible.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
26878,2933,Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Tree and red cedar tree provided good luck and wishes for those who asked for it.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27266,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of burned cone ashes taken for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27267,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,"Needles used to restore eyesight. A blind person, or one with poor eyesight, rubbed his hands with the needles and then rubbed his eyes with his hands to restore his eyesight.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27268,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of boughs used for any kind of illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27269,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Decoction of inner bark taken as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27270,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Evergreen tops considered good medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27271,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,2,Drug,,,Infusion of bark taken as a medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27272,2938,Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,100,3,Other,58,Protection,Branches rubbed on skin to protect one against evil or 'witchcraft.' The protective powers were attributed to the prickly needles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100"
27360,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried nuts kept alone in sacks or mixed with dried service berries and stored for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27361,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,44,Porridge,Parched seeds pounded in a mortar to make a flour and mixed with water to form a mush.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27362,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,,,"Seeds eaten roasted or raw, but often considered bitter. If too many raw seeds were eaten, it would cause constipation.  Roasted seeds were therefore preferred to raw seeds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27364,2949,Pinus albicaulis Engelm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,101,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Cooked, crushed seeds mixed with dried berries and preserved for winter use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101"
27467,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Pitch mixed with bear tallow, rose petals and red ochre and used as face cream or for blemishes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27468,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Pitch used as a sort of 'cold cream' with disinfectant properties.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27470,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of twigs with needles attached used for influenza.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27473,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Pitch mixed with bear tallow, rose petals and red ochre and rubbed on the skin of newborn babies.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27477,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Delimbed trunks used as framework poles for traditional sleeping platforms.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27478,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Needles used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27479,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,27,Beverage,Twigs with needles attached used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27480,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,85,Candy,Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27481,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue dried for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27482,2953,Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,1,Food,,,Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27501,2955,Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,102,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make a leister pole.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102"
27921,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,103,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of boughs used for any kind of illness by old people.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103"
27922,2966,Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,103,2,Drug,,,Pitch used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103"
28042,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Pitch used for aching backs, joints and limbs.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28045,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Pitch made into a salve and used for boils or cuts. The pitch ointment was left on the skin for three or four days.  It was said to get quite itchy, but after a while, the pitch was removed with the bandage and then took effect.  If the pitch stuck to the skin, it was not ready to remove.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28046,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of gum applied to boils, sores and chapped skin. White gum was used as a poultice with buckskin on boils and chronic sores while reddish gum was used on hard, red sores.  The reddish gum was mixed with any kind of lard, such as deer fat, strained and used on sores.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28047,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Poultice of warmed gum applied to the ear for earache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28050,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Gum used on babies' skin like baby oil. The ointment caused the baby to sleep all the time, just like aspirin.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28051,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Gum used on babies' skin like baby oil causing them to sleep all the time.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28053,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Needles used as insulation on the roofs of pit houses.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28054,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Seeds and whitebark pine seeds placed in a bag, pounded into a powder, mixed with water and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28058,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,3,Other,32,Containers,Needles used to line food caches and cellars.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28059,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Needles supported on a framework of poles used for drying cooked berries. The needles were interspersed between layers of dried salmon or any other food being stored.  They kept the food dry, but allowed air to circulate around it to prevent spoiling.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28061,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Plant tops hollowed out with mock orange sticks and used to make the stems of smoking pipes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28062,2968,Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson,259,Thompson,10,tta90,104,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used to waterproof moccasins and other items.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104"
28478,3001,Plantago major L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,236,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves used for sores and carbuncles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 236"
28479,3001,Plantago major L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,236,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Poultice of chewed leaves used for hemorrhoids.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 236"
28903,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,238,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of whole plant taken, especially by children, for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 238"
28904,3057,Polygonum aviculare L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,238,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of whole plant taken, especially by children, for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 238"
29008,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Rhizomes chewed or infusion of rhizomes taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29009,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Rhizomes used as medicine for sore gums.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29010,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed or infusion of rhizomes taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29011,3076,Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,1,Food,85,Candy,"Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice flavor.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29012,3077,Polypodium hesperium Maxon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Rhizomes chewed or infusion of rhizomes taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29013,3077,Polypodium hesperium Maxon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Rhizomes used as medicine for sore gums.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29014,3077,Polypodium hesperium Maxon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Rhizomes chewed or infusion of rhizomes taken for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29015,3077,Polypodium hesperium Maxon,259,Thompson,10,tta90,91,1,Food,85,Candy,"Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice taste.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91"
29150,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,89,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Plant rubbed on the hands to bring luck in whaling and sturgeon fishing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 89"
29151,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,89,1,Food,,,Rootstocks used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 89"
29152,3085,Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,89,3,Other,32,Containers,Rootstocks used to line the steaming pits for cooking 'Indian potatoes' and other root type foods.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 89"
29339,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Decoction of bark taken 'for your health' after childbirth if someone close had passed away.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29340,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of white inner bark used for washing sores and especially itchy skin.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29341,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed buds mixed with pitch used for ringworm.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29342,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of white inner bark taken by women after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29343,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Concoction of wood, willow, soapberry branches and 'anything weeds' used for broken bones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29344,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,2,Drug,,,Decoction of buds taken for 'some kind of disease.' It was cautioned that one should not drink too much of this decoction because it would kill you.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29345,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used for dugout canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29346,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Cottony seed fluff used for stuffing mattresses and pillows.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29347,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Inner bark used as a scouring pad.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29348,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,1,Food,5,Forage,Leaves and twigs eaten by moose.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29349,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,3,Other,37,Fuel,Rotten wood used as a fuel in smoking hides.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29350,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,3,Other,106,Soap,"Dried inner bark packaged into small, fist sized bundles and used as a soap substitute. Each person carried his own package with him.  Men's and women's were packaged differently.  The soap was also used as a laundry soap.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29351,3097,Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw,259,Thompson,10,tta90,276,3,Other,17,Tools,Dried root used as a drill in making friction fires.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276"
29670,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,277,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Powdery substance from bark rubbed on girls' armpits so that they would not grow underarm hair. The powder was rubbed on girls' armpits after their first menstrual period.  Young men, too, rubbed the powdery substance on their arms and faces to prevent the growth of hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277"
29672,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,277,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Wood ashes rubbed on men's faces and arms to prevent the growth of hair.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277"
29676,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,277,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,Decoction of branches taken by people suffering from insanity through excessive drinking.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277"
29678,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,277,1,Food,5,Forage,Bark eaten by beavers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277"
29679,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,277,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Decoction of branches used to wash traps, guns, buckskins and hunters. The decoction was used to wash humans such as hunters who desired to be exceptionally 'clean.'","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277"
29680,3106,Populus tremuloides Michx.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,277,3,Other,58,Protection,Decoction of branches used as a protective bath against witches.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277"
29842,3128,Potentilla gracilis Dougl. ex Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of mashed leaves, roots and subalpine fir pitch used on wounds, to draw out the pain.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
29916,3148,Prosartes hookeri var. hookeri,259,Thompson,10,tta90,121,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Fruit occasionally used for food, but not considered important.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121"
30411,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Bark used to wrap splints for broken limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30412,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,2,Drug,,,Infusion of branches taken for an unspecified illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30416,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Tough, waterproof bark used with grass stems for imbrication of coiled split cedar root baskets. The basket was either left a natural light reddish brown color or was dyed by burying it in damp earth or letting it sit in a rusty tin can.  After being buried a short time, it became a dark brown color and when kept for a longer time, it became black.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30417,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark made into twine and used for reinforcement of old suspension bridges.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30418,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30421,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,1,Food,41,Dessert,Fruits sometimes eaten as a dessert.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30422,3166,Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,263,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruits eaten occasionally because of the bitter taste.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
30856,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of twigs taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30857,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of branches, sometimes with red willow branches & wild rose roots, taken for colds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30858,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of broken sticks taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30859,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Decoction of branches, sometimes with red willow branches & wild rose roots, taken for coughs.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30860,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,2,Drug,36,Laxative,"Decoction of branches, sometimes with red willow branches & wild rose roots, taken as a laxative.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30861,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Decoction of branches, sometimes with red willow branches & wild rose roots, taken for influenza.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30862,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,2,Drug,,,Decoction of broken sticks taken for a sick feeling.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30863,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,27,Beverage,Fruit used to make wine and juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30864,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Fruit, with the pit, dried for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30865,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30866,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Fruit used to make syrup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
30867,3181,Prunus virginiana L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,264,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,"Fruit, with the pit, canned for future use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264"
31203,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of plant top used for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31204,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pitch used for cuts, boils and other skin ailments.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31205,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Shoots used in the tips of moccasins to keep the feet from perspiring and to prevent athletes foot.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31210,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Peeled plant tops chewed, especially by young people at puberty, as a mouth freshener.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31211,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of pitch used for injured or dislocated bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31214,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Logs considered important for construction.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31215,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Young, second growth boughs used to make early summer lodges.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31216,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,94,Caulking Material,Pitch used for caulking canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31217,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as floor coverings for lodges and sweathouses. The boughs were generally mixed with juniper and sagebrush branches for the sweat house floor coverings.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31218,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used in the sweat lodge as a mat for scrubbing the skin. The scrubbing mats prevented them from having body odor and made them feel fresh and clean.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31219,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood from young trees used to make snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31220,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Wild sugar gathered and eaten whenever possible.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31221,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Boughs used for scrubbing and purification by girls at puberty.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31222,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dry wood broken & placed in a thick layer above & below the food in the cooking pit & used as fuel.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31223,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Peeled twig bundles used as whippers for soapberries.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31224,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,3,Other,37,Fuel,Rotten wood used as fuel for smoking hides.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31225,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,"Boughs used as scrubbers by boys and girls at puberty because it would bring good luck. The branches were boiled for good luck and good health, either to drink or used as a wash.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31226,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Boughs used by hunters to scrub themselves before hunting so that the deer could not smell them.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31227,3199,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco,259,Thompson,10,tta90,107,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young saplings used to make dipnet hoops and handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107"
31500,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,"Infusion of rhizomes taken for vomiting blood, possibly from internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31501,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Leaves used in a steambath for arthritis. The leaves were placed over red hot rocks in a steaming pit, a little water was added and the person laid on top of the fronds.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31502,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of rhizomes taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31503,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pounded fronds and leaves applied to sores of any type. Fronds, pounded with a rock, mixed with leaves and melted pine pitch, strained and applied to sores from one to several days.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31504,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,276,Dietary Aid,Decoction of rhizomes taken for lack of appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31505,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for broken bones or poultice of leaves used to bind broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31506,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Poultice of boiled, pounded fronds mixed with leaves and used to set broken bones in place.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31507,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,1,Food,75,Staple,"Cooked, inner rhizome pounded into a flour and used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31508,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,1,Food,,,"Dried, toasted rhizomes beaten with a stick to remove the bark and the white insides used for food. The rhizomes were usually eaten with fish and were said to be very sweet, but one informant's father said it would give her worms.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31509,3214,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,90,1,Food,,,"Fiddleheads broken off and the stem portion of the shoot used for food, often with fish.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90"
31586,3223,Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Freyn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of plant used as a wash for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
31587,3223,Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Freyn,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
31611,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,259,Thompson,10,tta90,246,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Wool from seed heads mixed with pitch and used inside the nostril for nosebleeds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 246"
31612,3225,Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels,259,Thompson,10,tta90,246,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered very poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 246"
32681,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed flowers used for warts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
32683,3307,Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered a skin irritant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
32720,3316,Ranunculus repens L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered a skin irritant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
32728,3319,Ranunculus sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of mashed root mixed with pitch applied to the chest for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
32734,3320,Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don ex G. Don,259,Thompson,10,tta90,249,2,Drug,13,Poison,Plant considered a skin irritant.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 249"
32849,3337,Rhododendron albiflorum Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,216,1,Food,83,Preservative,Branches used in bottoms of berry baskets and on top of the berries to keep them fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 216"
33003,3347,Rhus glabra L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,149,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of shredded bark with another plant taken for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 149"
33004,3347,Rhus glabra L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,149,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of plant used after internal surgery, to make the wounds heal faster.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 149"
33010,3347,Rhus glabra L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,149,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Leaves used as basket covers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 149"
33416,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,226,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Berries eaten for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 226"
33417,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,226,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of branches with many other branches used to wash babies to make them strong. A decoction of the branches, squaw currant and red osier dogwood branches and the boughs of Douglas fir or tamarack was used to bathe babies four to six times over a period of several weeks to make them strong, independent and good natured.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 226"
33418,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,226,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,"Decoction of branches with many other branches used to wash babies to make them strong. A decoction of the branches, squaw currant and red osier dogwood branches and the boughs of Douglas fir or tamarack was used to bathe babies four to six times over a period of several weeks to make them strong, independent and good natured.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 226"
33420,3363,Ribes cereum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,226,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Insipid, rubbery berries used for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 226"
33502,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries made into juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33503,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33504,3368,Ribes divaricatum Dougl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries made into pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33525,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of branches possibly taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33527,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Roots used for any kind of sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33531,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33535,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33536,3371,Ribes hudsonianum Richards.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,228,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Plant growth around a lake indicated the presence of fish. If there were no black currant plants around the lake, then there would be no fish.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 228"
33543,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33544,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33545,3374,Ribes inerme Rydb.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33580,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Berries considered good medicine for women.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33583,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries dried or sometimes buried fresh in the ground for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33584,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Berries stored in the freezer for future use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33585,3375,Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries used to make jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33668,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries used to make juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33669,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh or cooked.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33671,3386,Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. irriguum (Dougl.) Sinnott,259,Thompson,10,tta90,227,1,Food,88,Pie & Pudding,Berries used to make pies.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227"
33716,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sometimes dried and used in soups as flavoring.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33717,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33718,3394,Ribes sanguineum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,229,1,Food,86,Spice,Berries sometimes dried and used in soups as flavoring.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 229"
33908,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33909,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for vomiting.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33910,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33911,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for women's illnesses.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33912,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken by women after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33913,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Hips chewed by women in labor, to hasten the delivery.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33914,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for syphilis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33915,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Heavy, split wood used to make cradle hoops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33916,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Hips used to make a tea like beverage. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33917,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33918,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33919,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,5,Forage,Hips eaten by bears before hibernation.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33920,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,1,Preserves,Hips used to make jelly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33921,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Hips used to make syrup. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33922,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,Hips used only sparingly for food because of the seeds and the insipid taste. The hips were eaten with a kind of whitish berry or mixed with wild mushrooms.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33923,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,"Young, tender shoots peeled and eaten in the spring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33924,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant asked 'for good luck.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33925,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Plant used to wipe dipnet hoops, to improve the chances of a good catch.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33926,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,26,Paint,"Petals mixed with pine pitch, grease and red ochre paint to make a cosmetic.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33927,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,58,Protection,"Branches placed around the body and house of a dead person to protect other people from its spirit. After a death, an orphan, widower or widow placed rose branches under the mattress to protect against sickness and to 'keep ghosts away.'  Widows and widowers could fish only if rose branches were first swept around their gill nets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
33928,3417,Rosa acicularis Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34015,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,266,2,Drug,13,Poison,Hips considered poisonous and would give one an itchy bottom if eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 266"
34016,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,266,2,Drug,13,Poison,Spines considered poisonous as they caused swelling and irritation if touched.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 266"
34020,3426,Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34086,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34087,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for vomiting.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34088,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34089,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for women's illnesses.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34090,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken by women after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34091,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for syphilis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34092,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Heavy, split wood used to make cradle hoops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34093,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34094,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34095,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,"Young, tender shoots peeled and eaten in the spring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34096,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant asked 'for good luck.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34097,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Plant used to wipe dipnet hoops, to improve the chances of a good catch.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34098,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,26,Paint,"Petals mixed with pine pitch, grease and red ochre paint to make a cosmetic.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34099,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,58,Protection,"Branches placed around the body and house of a dead person to protect other people from its spirit. After a death, an orphan, widower or widow placed rose branches under the mattress to protect against sickness and to 'keep ghosts away.'  Widows and widowers could fish only if rose branches were first swept around their gill nets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34100,3427,Rosa nutkana K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34126,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34127,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for vomiting.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34128,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34129,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for women's illnesses.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34130,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken by women after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34131,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for syphilis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34132,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Heavy, split wood used to make cradle hoops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34133,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34134,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34135,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,"Young, tender shoots peeled and eaten in the spring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34136,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant asked 'for good luck.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34137,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Plant used to wipe dipnets, to improve the chances of a good catch.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34138,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,26,Paint,"Petals mixed with pine pitch, grease and red ochre paint to make a cosmetic.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34139,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,58,Protection,"Branches placed around the body and house of a dead person to protect other people from its spirit. After a death, an orphan, widower or widow placed rose branches under the mattress to protect against sickness and to 'keep ghosts away.'  Widows and widowers could fish only if rose branches were first swept around their gill nets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34140,3431,Rosa pisocarpa Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34233,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for diarrhea.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34234,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for vomiting.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34235,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of one handful of washed hips taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34236,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of sticks taken for coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34237,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34238,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of branches, choke cherry and red willow taken for women's illnesses.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34239,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of roots taken by women after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34240,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Hips chewed by women in labor, to hasten the delivery.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34241,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of one handful of washed hips taken, especially by babies, for coughs.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34242,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Infusion of sticks taken for coughs, especially babies' coughs.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34243,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of one handful of washed hips taken for sore, itchy throats.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34244,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of sticks taken for sore, itchy throats.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34245,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for syphilis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34246,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,"Heavy, split wood used to make cradle hoops.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34247,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Hips used to make a tea like beverage. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34248,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and young twigs used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34249,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,27,Beverage,Shoots used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34250,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,5,Forage,Hips eaten by bears before hibernation.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34251,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,1,Preserves,Hips used to make jelly. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34252,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Hips used to make syrup. The hips could be dried and stored to make tea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34253,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,Hips eaten only sparingly because of the seeds and the insipid taste. The hips were eaten with a kind of whitish berry or mixed with wild mushrooms.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34254,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,1,Food,,,"Young, tender shoots peeled and eaten in the spring.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34255,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Plant asked 'for good luck.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34256,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Plant used to wipe dipnet hoops, to improve the chances of a good catch.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34257,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,26,Paint,"Petals mixed with pine pitch, grease and red ochre paint to make a cosmetic.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34258,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,58,Protection,"Branches placed around the body and house of a dead person to protect other people from its spirit. After a death, an orphan, widower or widow placed rose branches under the mattress to protect against sickness and to 'keep ghosts away.'  Widows and widowers could fish only if rose branches were first swept around their gill nets.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34259,3434,Rosa woodsii Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,267,3,Other,58,Protection,Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267"
34509,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Fruit steamed, dried and made into a cake.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34510,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit sundried loose on mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34511,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,66,Frozen Food,Fruit frozen or made into a jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34512,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34513,3453,Rubus idaeus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,1,Preserves,Fruit frozen or made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34647,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Mild infusion of washed roots taken for influenza.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34649,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit dried for winter use.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34650,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34653,3457,Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,269,1,Food,,,"Young shoots peeled, cooked over a fire and eaten alone or with fish.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269"
34868,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Green insect galls found on stems burned & the ashes rubbed on babies' navels if they did not heal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
34869,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Green insect galls found on stems burned & the ashes rubbed on babies' navels if they did not heal.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
34870,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,1,Food,52,Fruit,"Berries eaten fresh, often with fish.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
34871,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Roots used for sugar.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
34872,3463,Rubus parviflorus Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,270,1,Food,,,Toasted shoots eaten alone or with meat and fish.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 270"
34882,3465,Rubus pedatus Sm.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Small fruits rarely eaten.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 272"
35037,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,272,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Fruit eaten dried.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 272"
35038,3470,Rubus spectabilis Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,272,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 272"
35082,3472,Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,272,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sun dried on mats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 272"
35179,3480,Rumex acetosella L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,1,Food,,,"Leaves chewed by children for the tangy, sour taste.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
35342,3485,Rumex crispus L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,239,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Plant used as a cough medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239"
35603,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,112,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Plant used as a love charm and for 'witchcraft.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 112"
35604,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,112,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Cooked root, dried, soaked and used with fish for food.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 112"
35605,3510,Sagittaria latifolia Willd.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,112,1,Food,,,Cooked roots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 112"
36310,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36312,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves used in shoes or moccasins as padding for tired or sore feet.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36313,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Branches used as splints for broken limbs and rubbed on compound fractures.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36314,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark used for bathing broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36316,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of boiled bark used for a period of time for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36317,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Bark chewed for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36318,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split withes used for weaving baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36319,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Branches with the bark and leaves twisted and used for tying and binding in construction. The branches were used for tying and binding, especially in constructing the underground winter pit houses and in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36320,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Split withes heated and twisted to make cabling for suspension bridges in 'the old days.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36321,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Branches used in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36322,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Dry logs lashed together to make rafts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36324,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Long shoots made into rope and used in lashing together fish drying racks and fish weir stakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36325,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Softened stems twisted to make rope and used to lash together fish drying racks.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36326,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Split withes used to make string and rope.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36327,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradle hoops.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36329,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant enjoyed by moose.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36331,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,32,Containers,"Peeled, cleaned bark braided and woven together with Indian hemp fiber to make storage bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36332,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,57,Fasteners,"Branches with the bark and leaves twisted and used for tying and binding in construction. The branches were used for tying and binding, especially in constructing the underground winter pit houses and in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36333,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Long shoots made into ropes and used for lashing together fish drying racks and fish weir stakes.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36334,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Softened stems twisted to make rope and used to lash together fish drying racks.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36335,3551,Salix sp.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,279,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Branches used in making fish traps, weirs and rafts.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279"
36596,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Decoction of finely chopped bark taken for arthritis. One informant cautioned that this decoction must be boiled in a non-metal pot or it would become poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36598,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of dried flowers taken for syphilis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36599,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Dried fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36601,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36603,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries cooked to make jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36604,3565,Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,86,Spice,"Berry juice used for marinating fish. The berries were mashed in birch bark baskets, and when the fish had been split open along the backbone in preparation for barbecuing, it was soaked for a while in elderberry juice to flavor it.  Then, the fish was taken out, the berry seeds scraped off and the fish barbecued and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36836,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of white roots and cascara bark taken for liver diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36838,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries stewed or eaten fresh with salmon egg 'cheese.' The berries were said to taste like sulfur.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36840,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,56,Soup,"Mashed berries dried in cakes, broken off and added to salmon head soup and other dishes. The berries were said to taste like sulfur.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
36841,3567,Sambucus racemosa L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,199,1,Food,86,Spice,"Berry juice used to marinate salmon. The berries were mashed in birch bark baskets, and when the fish had been split open along the backbone in preparation for barbecuing, it was soaked for a while in elderberry juice to flavor it.  Then, the fish was taken out, the berry seeds scraped off and the fish barbecued and eaten.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
37422,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Burned stalk ashes used on baby's bleeding navel.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37423,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Burned stalk ashes used on baby's bleeding navel.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37424,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Stems laid in an overlapping fashion and used for roofing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37425,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,"Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make capes, bags and Indian doctor headdresses.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37426,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make mats. Food was placed on tule mats in order to dry it. The mats were also used as place mats for eating, as floor covering in lodges, as room partitions in pit houses, as walls for summer lodges and as mattresses and pillows.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37427,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,3,Other,32,Containers,Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make bags.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37428,3603,Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus,259,Thompson,10,tta90,115,3,Other,38,Decorations,Stems woven or sewn with Indian hemp twine to make Indian doctor headdresses.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115"
37523,3611,Scirpus microcarpus J.& K. Presl,259,Thompson,10,tta90,116,3,Other,17,Tools,Grass formerly used to cut a newborn baby's umbilical cord.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 116"
37639,3636,Sedum spathulifolium Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,205,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Plant used for sore gums.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 205"
37900,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Decoction of branches and leaves taken in a one cupful dose for stomach cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37902,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Berry juice used for acne and boils.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37904,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Berries eaten for stomach cancer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37905,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Berry juice and whip taken in a one teaspoon dose for indigestion.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37906,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Berry juice used for digestive problems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37908,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of fruits and leaves used for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37909,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Berry juice and whip taken in a one teaspoon dose for heart attacks.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37910,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,184,Hypotensive,Berries eaten for high blood pressure.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37911,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,184,Hypotensive,Decoction of branches and leaves taken in a one cupful dose for high blood pressure.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37912,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of twigs and sticks used as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37913,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Berry juice used for gallstones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37914,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Berry whip said to make one sleepy.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37915,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Infusion of fruits and leaves considered a good sedative.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37916,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Berry jam taken as a tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37919,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,27,Beverage,Berries squeezed through a rice bag or some other straining cloth and made into juice.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37921,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Soapberries dried on mats and formed into cakes. The berries were gathered in the summer, but were not hand picked because they were too soft.  A clean mat was placed underneath the bush, then a branch laden with fruit was held and hit with a stick until the fruit fell off.  The ripe berries were then placed in a basket, heated with hot rocks and spread out on mats or on a layer of 'timbergrass'  set on a scaffolding and allowed to dry.  A small fire was lit beneath so that the smoke would drive away the flies.  The dried soapberry cakes were then broken off, placed in a birch bark basket with water and 'swished' with a whisk of maple bark tied to a stick.  The mixture was originally sweetened with the 'white' variety of saskatoon berries that were dried and soaked in water to reconstitute them.  More recently, sugar was added to the whip to sweeten it.  The sweetened froth was served in small containers, first to the men and then to the women, as a sort of dessert or confection.  It was said that the soapberries must never come into contact with grease or oil or the berries would not whip.  One informant said that special containers were used for the preparation of soapberries, not for cooking or any other purpose, so that the berries could be kept free of grease.  It was said that pregnant women should never eat the soapberry whip.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37922,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,85,Candy,Berries made into juice and used to make a frothy confection.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37923,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,5,Forage,Berries eaten by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37925,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,1,Food,1,Preserves,Berries made into jam.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37926,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Berries used as an important trade item.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37927,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,3,Other,147,Good Luck Charm,Decoction of leafless branches taken by hunters to clean out their insides for good luck. The decoction was said to clean the hunters' insides.  The hunters also used the decoction to wash themselves and their gear.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
37928,3658,Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,209,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Decoction of leafless branches used as a wash for hunting gear.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
38145,3703,Sium suave Walt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,1,Food,4,Dried Food,"Roots dug in the spring and fall, washed, pit cooked and dried for later use.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
38147,3703,Sium suave Walt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,159,1,Food,,,Roots sometimes eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 159"
38406,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,184,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of plant tops taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 184"
38407,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,184,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of plant used as a bath for babies with diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 184"
38408,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,184,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Plant used to make a steambath for crippled, paralyzed people.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 184"
38409,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,184,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a bath for babies with diarrhea, sleeplessness or excessive crying.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 184"
38410,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,184,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Decoction of plant used as a bath for babies with sleeplessness or excessive crying.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 184"
38411,3734,Solidago canadensis L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,184,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of plant and wild tarragon used as a wash for horses with cuts and sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 184"
38459,3743,Solidago simplex ssp. simplex var. spathulata (DC.) Cronq.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,184,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Poultice of toasted, powdered leaves mixed with grease and used for mumps.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 184"
38574,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Warmed stick used in the ear for earache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38575,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Infusion of branches taken for weak kidneys, to stop frequent urination.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38576,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Berries sometimes dried for storage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38577,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,52,Fruit,Berries boiled and eaten alone.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38578,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,56,Soup,Berries boiled and eaten in soups such as salmon head soup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38579,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,86,Spice,Berries cooked with marmot to flavor meat and added to blueberry jars as a flavor when canning. A cluster of berries was added to the top of a jar of blueberries as a flavor when canning.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38580,3762,Sorbus sitchensis M. Roemer,259,Thompson,10,tta90,273,1,Food,59,Winter Use Food,Berries usually buried and kept fresh.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 273"
38727,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of whole plant taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
38728,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken for internal stomach problems.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
38729,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of leaves and branches taken or used as a bath for venereal diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
38730,3791,Spiraea betulifolia Pallas,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,1,Food,27,Beverage,Plant used to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
38734,3792,Spiraea douglasii Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Branches used to make brooms.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
38735,3792,Spiraea douglasii Hook.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,274,1,Food,5,Forage,Dried flower spikes eaten by grouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 274"
38863,3822,Stenanthium occidentale Gray,259,Thompson,10,tta90,129,2,Drug,,,Plant used medicinally.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 129"
38976,3839,Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,130,2,Drug,334,Dietary Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken for loss of appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 130"