id,species,species_label,tribe,tribe_label,source,source_label,pageno,use_category,use_category_label,use_subcategory,use_subcategory_label,notes,rawsource
1,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and used for infected eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
2,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
3,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
4,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
5,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Bark and other plants used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
6,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,86,Haisla,166,g92,152,2,Drug,,,Bark and other plants used for 'sickness.',"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
7,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,86,Haisla,166,g92,151,1,Food,,,Cambium used for food.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151"
8,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,86,Haisla,14,c93,173,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Pitch applied to the face of mourners.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
9,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Boughs used as a 'bush sleigh' to pull cargo across deep snow.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
10,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of bark taken for stomach ulcers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
11,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for hemorrhoids.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
12,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,173,3,Other,32,Containers,Boughs used to line oolichan ripening pits.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173"
13,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,316,2,Drug,,,Decoction of bark used medicinally.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316"
14,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,112,Kitasoo,14,c93,316,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316"
15,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
16,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,137,Preventive Medicine,Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
17,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,1,Food,85,Candy,Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
18,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
19,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
20,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,68,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Pitch boiled with grease or pitch and sugar and taken for colds.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68"
21,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
22,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
23,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
24,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
25,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
26,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
27,1,Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
28,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,164,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gum used for 'slight' itches.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164"
29,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,164,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gum used to make various ointments.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164"
30,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Used as an antiseptic.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
31,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,155,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Leaves made into pillows and used as a panacea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155"
32,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,163,2,Drug,,,Needles and wood stuffed into pillows and used for good health.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 163"
33,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,164,2,Drug,,,Needles stuffed into pillows and used for good health.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164"
34,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of gum applied to open sores, insect bites, boils and infections.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
35,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
36,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Roots used for heart disease.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
37,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Needles used to make a laxative tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
38,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,138,Poultice,Needles used for making poultices.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
39,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,124,2,Drug,,,Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
40,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Sap chewed for colds.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
41,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as mats on the tent floor.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
42,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,64,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of bark and bark from another plant taken for kidney troubles.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 64"
43,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,64,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Gum eaten for kidney pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 64"
44,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,9,Anticosti,150,r46,64,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of sap used for sore throats.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 64"
45,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Gum melted on warm stone and fumes inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
46,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of root used as herbal steam for rheumatic joints.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
47,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,350,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gum of plant with bear grease used as an ointment for the hair.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350"
48,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,362,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Decoction of root sprinkled on hot stones and used as herbal steam for rheumatism.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
49,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,338,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Gum of plant melted on warm stone as herbal steam for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338"
50,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,2,Drug,84,Abortifacient,Pitch used for menstrual irregularity.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
51,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of bark and sometimes wood taken for colds.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
52,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of bark and sometimes wood taken for coughs.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
53,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch and grease used as an ointment for scabies and boils.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
54,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pitch applied to cuts.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
55,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of pitch and sturgeon oil used for tuberculosis.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
56,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
57,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to make a brush shelter.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
58,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,21,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make paddles.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
59,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
60,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Compound decoction taken for rheumatism.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
61,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,37,2,Drug,64,Cancer Treatment,Poultice of gum and dried beaver kidneys applied for cancer.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 37"
62,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Compound decoction taken for colds.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
63,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,37,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of gum and hot milk taken as an antiseptic for colds.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 37"
64,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction taken straight or diluted with alcohol for coughs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
65,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Compound decoction applied to cuts, bruises, sprains or sores.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
66,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for parturition.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
67,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction used as wash and poultice applied to cuts, bruises, sprains and sores.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
68,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Compound decoction taken during early stages of consumption.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
69,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Used for bed wetting.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
70,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,270,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Used for gonorrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 270"
71,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,244,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Juice used as a laxative.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244"
72,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,2,Drug,,,Pitch used in medicines.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
73,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of bark used for gonorrhea.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
74,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,257,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Infusion of bark, spruce bark and tamarack bark used for gonorrhea.","Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 257"
75,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
76,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Roots used for thread.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
77,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,3,Other,154,Waterproofing Agent,Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
78,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,Inner bark used as a seasoner for medicines.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
79,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
80,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Liquid balsam pressed from trunk used for colds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
81,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,176,d32,132,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gum from plant blisters applied to sores.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 132"
82,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Liquid balsam pressed from trunk used for pulmonary troubles.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
83,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,138,Menominee,51,s23,45,2,Drug,,,Poultice of fresh inner bark used for unspecified illnesses.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45"
84,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Buds, cones and inner bark used for diarrhea.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
85,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Gum used for burns.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
86,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Gum used for colds.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
87,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Gum used for bruises, sores and wounds.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
88,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Cones used for colic.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
89,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Buds used as a laxative.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
90,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Gum used for fractures.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
91,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Bark used for gonorrhea and buds used as a laxative.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
92,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used to make beds.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
93,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
94,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for kindling and fuel.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
95,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,313,2,Drug,202,Dietary Aid,Inner bark grated and eaten to benefit the diet.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 313"
96,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Needle-like leaves used as part of the ceremony involving the sweatbath.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
97,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Balsam gum used for colds and leaf smoke inhaled for colds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
98,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,244,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Plant used as a cough medicine.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244"
99,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Balsam gum used for sores and compound containing leaves used as a wash.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
100,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Needle-like leaves used as part of the medicine for the sweatbath.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
101,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Liquid balsam from bark blister used for sore eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
102,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,378,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Leaves used as a reviver and used in compound as a wash.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
103,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,420,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Resin boiled twice and added to suet or fat to make a canoe pitch.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
104,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Bark gum taken for chest soreness from colds.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
105,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Bark gum applied to cuts and sores.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
106,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Decoction of bark used to induce sweating.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
107,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Bark gum taken for gonorrhea.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
108,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Sap smeared over burns, sores and cuts.","Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
109,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,309,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Sap used as a salve for burns, sores and cuts.","Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
110,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"68, 69",2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Fresh balsam gum swallowed for colds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 68, 69"
111,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Needles used to make pillows, believing that the aroma kept one from having a cold.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
112,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"68, 69",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Balsam gum used as a salve for sores.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 68, 69"
113,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"68, 69",2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for 'consumption and other internal affections.',"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 68, 69"
114,2,Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,121,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Needles used to make pillows, believing that the aroma kept one from having a cold.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121"
115,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of foliage used as a bath for rheumatism.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
116,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of foliage taken for rheumatism.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
117,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plant used for decoration at dances and in the house.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
118,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,115,Klamath,66,c97,88,5,Dye,150,Brown,Bark used as a tan dye for buckskin.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88"
119,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,115,Klamath,66,c97,88,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Bark used to tan buckskin.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88"
120,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,140,Mewuk,109,m66,346,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to line acorn caches.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 346"
121,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of fresh pitch applied to cuts.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
122,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
123,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
124,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,183,Paiute,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Compound decoction of resin taken for venereal disease.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
125,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Simple or compound poultice of warm pitch applied to sores or boils.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
126,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
127,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,38,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Resinous sap from main stem and larger branches used for cuts.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38"
128,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,38,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Twigs used for making pipe stems.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38"
129,3,Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.,276,Washo,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
130,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used for wounds and ulcers.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
131,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Taken 'to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
132,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Used for 'falling of the womb,' the 'whites' and weak backs in females.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
133,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,"Burst blister, take ooze alone or with turpentine for 'kidney trouble.'","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
134,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Taken 'to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
135,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,"'Balsam for breast and lung complaints with pain, soreness or cough.'","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
136,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Used for urinary diseases.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
137,4,Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,34,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Used for venereal diseases.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
138,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,50,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Compound of gum drawn on a hair across sore eyes.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
139,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and used for infected eyes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
140,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,50,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of root bark or stem taken every day for stomach trouble.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
141,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
142,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,50,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Compound of gum from bark blisters warmed and taken for sore throat.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
143,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Liquid pitch mixed with mountain goat tallow and taken for sore throat.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
144,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,50,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of root bark or stem taken every day for tuberculosis.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
145,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,197,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197"
146,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,50,2,Drug,,,Tree used as medicine.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
147,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of needles taken for colds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
148,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,19,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
149,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,50,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of compound containing bark applied for rheumatism.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
150,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of compound containing bark applied to boils or ulcers.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
151,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,50,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Poultice of compound containing bark used as a chest plaster for lung hemorrhage.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
152,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,81,Green River Group,25,g73,19,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of needles taken for colds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
153,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the hair and scalp because it smelled nice.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
154,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the scalp to prevent the hair from falling out.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
155,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Boughs used by wolf dancers as decorative clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
156,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,41,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Fragrant boughs placed under bedding as an incense.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
157,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,105,Karok,71,sg52,379,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of needles taken as a tonic.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
158,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Branches and pollen used in purification rites and ceremonies.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
159,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of pitch taken for coughs and tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
160,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch and grease eaten or rubbed on sores and boils.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
161,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction of pitch taken as a tonic and laxative.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
162,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Pitch and catfish oil taken for constipation.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
163,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Root held in the mouth for gum boils and canker sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
164,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Infusion of bark taken as a tonic to stay young and strong.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
165,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,268,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of pitch taken or pitch rubbed on chest and back for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
166,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,"Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
167,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,2,Drug,,,Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
168,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,1,Food,85,Candy,Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
169,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
170,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,71,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71"
171,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
172,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
173,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
174,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,237,Dietary Aid,Pitch taken for a loss of appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
175,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for 'bad stomachs' with loss of appetite and loss of weight.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
176,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Pitch taken for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
177,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,177,Gland Medicine,Pitch mixed with deer marrow and applied externally each evening for goiter.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
178,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,18,Other,Branch tips chewed for allergies caused by water hemlock.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
179,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Pitch taken for a general feeling of weakness.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
180,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Pitch taken for consumption.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
181,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
182,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
183,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,41,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Gum used for sore eyes.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
184,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,183,Paiute,98,m53,44,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for beds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44"
185,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,69,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch made into a salve and used for cuts and bruises.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
186,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,69,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Pitch mixed with venison suet and used for psoriasis and other skin diseases.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
187,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,69,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of pounded root bark used for falling hair and dandruff.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
188,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
189,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
190,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
191,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
192,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, made into a drink.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
193,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,85,Candy,"Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, chewed.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
194,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
195,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
196,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes and gum used in corners of eyes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
197,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,55,p52,41,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Gum used for sore eyes.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
198,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of boughs taken for any illness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
199,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
200,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,509,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Branches thought to be of help to young girl under 'magical spell.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509"
201,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
202,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
203,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
204,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Very strong decoction of various plant parts taken for gonorrhea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
205,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,509,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Branches thought to be of help to young girl under 'magical spell.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509"
206,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Bark used for covering lodges.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
207,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Branches used to make temporary lodge flooring.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
208,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Bark used to make canoes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
209,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
210,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,496,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Branches used for bedding.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
211,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,27,Beverage,Branch tips sometimes steeped to make a tea like beverage.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
212,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
213,5,Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,58,Protection,Boughs used by young girls to scrub the face & clothes so that they would not be bothered by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
214,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Needle smudge smoke inhaled for headaches.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
215,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,273,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Plant burned as ceremonial incense.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273"
216,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied for chest colds.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
217,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,273,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of plant applied for chest colds.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273"
218,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gummy secretions used on wounds as an antiseptic.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
219,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of needles mixed with grease and applied as a hair tonic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
220,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves mixed with grease and used as hairdressing.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
221,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Needles packed into moccasins as a foot deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
222,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Needles used as a deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
223,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of resin taken as an emetic to clean the insides.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
224,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of leaves applied for fevers.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
225,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,273,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of plant applied for fevers.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273"
226,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
227,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Gummy secretions taken for lung troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
228,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,79,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Needle smudge smoke inhaled for fainting.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79"
229,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Infusion of needles taken for coughing up blood, a sign of tuberculosis.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
230,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Needle smudge used to fumigate the patient with tuberculosis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
231,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Needle smudge used to fumigate those faces that were swollen from a form of venereal disease.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
232,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Ground needles used in horse medicine bundles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
233,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of bark given to horses for diarrhea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
234,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Little bags of needles tied on a belt and hung around the horse's neck as a perfume.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
235,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Needle smudge used to fumigate sick horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
236,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
237,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
238,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,85,Candy,"Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
239,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,123,1,Food,85,Candy,Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
240,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Chewed needles sprayed over the Horn ceremonial containers to purify them.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
241,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Needle incense used for transfer ceremonies of Black Spring tipi design & Bear Medicine Hat bundle.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
242,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,146,j87,17,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used as perfume.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
243,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,42,m09,278,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Leaves used in buckskin bags for delightful odor & mixed with grease to add fragrance to hair oil.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278"
244,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Needles packed with stored items, saddle pads or burned in a household smudge.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
245,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Used for incense, primarily in association with the Medicine Pipe bundles.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
246,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,26,Paint,Needles mixed with dry paint to make it smell better.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
247,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,36,3,Other,58,Protection,Needle smudge used for safety's sake during severe thunderstorms.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36"
248,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,5,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Needles burned as incense in ceremonies by persons afraid of thunder.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5"
249,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,5,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Plant used to revive a dying person's spirit.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5"
250,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,5,2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Burning needle smoke and aroma used to chase away bad influences (illness).,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5"
251,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,2,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used by Sundancers for confidence and protection from thunder and for purification.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
252,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,2,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Used to drive away ill spirits or to revive spirits of the dying.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
253,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,60,Crow,73,b05,5,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Young twigs and leaves burned as incense in certain ceremonies.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
254,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,60,Crow,30,h92,2,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of crushed needles taken for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
255,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,60,Crow,30,h92,2,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of crushed needles taken for coughs.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
256,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,60,Crow,30,h92,2,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Infusion of crushed needles used for constipation.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
257,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Needles dried, pounded, mixed with deer grease and used as a hair tonic.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
258,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Needles pounded and used alone or mixed with grease or marrow for skin diseases.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
259,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Needles pulverized into baby powder and used for rashes from excessive urination.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
260,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Needles, lovage roots, buckbrush leaves and pinedrops boiled and used to make hair grow longer.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
261,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,"Needles pounded, mixed with lard and used for bleeding gums.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
262,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Needles pulverized into baby powder and used for rashes from excessive urination.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
263,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs used as incense.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
264,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,76,Flathead,30,h92,2,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Needles placed on stoves as incense or pulverized and used as body and garment scents.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
265,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
266,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
267,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
268,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,78,Gitksan,166,g92,152,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
269,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
270,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
271,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,174,3,Other,167,Designs,Tree used as a design on wooden drums.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174"
272,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,2,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gummy bark secretions used for cuts and bruises.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
273,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,2,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of needles and resinous blisters used for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
274,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,2,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of needles used for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
275,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,2,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gummy bark secretions used as an antiseptic for wounds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
276,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,5,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gummy secretion from the bark used as an antiseptic for wounds and ulcers.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
277,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,5,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant applied to corns for easy removal.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
278,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,2,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of needles used for chest fevers.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
279,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,5,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Gummy secretion from the bark taken for lung troubles.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
280,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,2,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Branches used to drive away ghosts and bad spirits.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
281,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,162,Nez Perce,30,h92,2,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Boughs burned and used as incense in sweathouses.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
282,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
283,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
284,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
285,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,335,Dietary Aid,Pitch taken for a loss of appetite.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
286,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of bark taken for 'bad stomachs' with loss of appetite and loss of weight.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
287,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Pitch taken for ulcers.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
288,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,177,Gland Medicine,Pitch mixed with deer marrow and applied externally each evening for goiter.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
289,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,18,Other,Branch tips chewed for allergies caused by water hemlock.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
290,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Pitch taken for a general feeling of weakness.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
291,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Pitch taken for consumption.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
292,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,23,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
293,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,37,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of needles taken for colds.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 37"
294,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,232,Shoshoni,111,m90,37,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of resinous blisters taken for colds.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 37"
295,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding","Branches used as floor of sweathouse, after swimming to keep feet clean and when butchering a deer.","Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
296,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Heated branches used to make a warm bed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
297,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
298,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Cones sold for money.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
299,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,50,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for a long lasting fire.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
300,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
301,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
302,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
303,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores. The pitch was smeared over injuries and covered with a bandage.  In earlier times, animal fat was probably used in place of Vaseline","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
304,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
305,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
306,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
307,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Inner bark eaten as a medicine for 'shadow on the chest,' the beginning of tuberculosis. It made the informant very sick with aching, flu like symptoms, but after that, she did not develop tuberculosis.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
308,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,"Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
309,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
310,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,2,Drug,,,Decoction of branches taken as medicine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
311,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
312,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,1,Food,,,Inner bark used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
313,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
314,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,97,3,Other,106,Soap,"Sweet smelling bough used by 'old people' to wash their skin, to give their bodies a nice scent.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
315,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
316,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
317,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
318,6,Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.,278,Wet'suwet'en,166,g92,152,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
319,7,Abies procera Rehd.,183,Paiute,98,m53,45,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Crumbled leaves smoked for colds.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45"
320,7,Abies procera Rehd.,183,Paiute,98,m53,45,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Dried branches stored for use as a cold remedy.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45"
321,7,Abies procera Rehd.,183,Paiute,98,m53,45,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Mashed leaves sewn into a sack placed around the child's neck 'for colds.',"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45"
322,7,Abies procera Rehd.,183,Paiute,98,m53,45,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Decoction of leaves taken as cough medicine.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45"
323,7,Abies procera Rehd.,183,Paiute,98,m53,45,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Dried branches stored for use as a deodorant.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45"
324,8,Abies sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,71,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed nodules applied to wounds.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 71"
325,8,Abies sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,70,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice of pitch applied to injured eyes.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70"
326,8,Abies sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,70,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of tree warts and pitch taken for tuberculosis.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70"
327,8,Abies sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,70,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make shingles for roofs.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70"
328,8,Abies sp.,27,Carrier,134,c73,70,3,Other,144,Hide Preparation,Rotten wood used to smoke and tan skins.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70"
329,8,Abies sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,51,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
330,8,Abies sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,51,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction of bark taken as a purgative.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
331,8,Abies sp.,28,"Carrier, Northern",9,s29,51,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
332,8,Abies sp.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,169,2,Drug,149,Adjuvant,"Leaves and fungus burned on coals, with or without sweet grass, and used to strengthen medicines.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169"
333,8,Abies sp.,33,Cheyenne,39,g72,169,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Leaves with fungus burned on coals with or without sweet grass used ceremonially to purify sickness.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169"
334,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
335,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Gum or mashed cones applied to cuts and sores, especially gonorrheal sores.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
336,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
337,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Juicy inner bark taken for constipation.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
338,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,18,Other,Gum or mashed cones taken for many serious ailments.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
339,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
340,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Gum or mashed cones taken for gonorrhea and applied to gonorrheal sores.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
341,8,Abies sp.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,51,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for gonorrhea.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
342,8,Abies sp.,236,Sikani,9,s29,51,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Gum applied to wounds.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
343,8,Abies sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
344,8,Abies sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,462,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of shoots and bark taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
345,8,Abies sp.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,484,1,Food,,,Gum chewed and swallowed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484"
346,9,Abronia elliptica A. Nels.,95,Hopi,37,w39,75,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 75"
347,9,Abronia elliptica A. Nels.,95,Hopi,37,w39,"36, 75",2,Drug,15,Sedative,Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 36, 75"
348,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,2,Acoma,19,c35,39,1,Food,,,"Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39"
349,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,2,Drug,229,Dietary Aid,"Roots ground, mixed with corn flour and eaten to give one a good appetite and to make one fat.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
350,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,2,Drug,60,Psychological Aid,"Roots ground, mixed with corn flour and eaten to keep one from becoming greedy.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
351,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Flowers made into ceremonial necklaces.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
352,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,124,Laguna,19,c35,39,1,Food,,,"Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten.","Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39"
353,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,157,Navajo,141,h56,158,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for boils.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 158"
354,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,157,Navajo,74,e44,46,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant taken to 'remove the effects of swallowing a spider.',"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
355,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,21,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Plant used as a cathartic.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
356,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,21,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Plant used for insect bites.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
357,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,21,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Plant used as a sudorific.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
358,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,21,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Plant used as an emetic.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
359,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,21,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for stomach cramps.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
360,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,158,"Navajo, Kayenta",106,wh51,21,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Plant used as a life medicine.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
361,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth and to bathe perspiring feet.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
362,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,26,2,Drug,23,Oral Aid,Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
363,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,272,Ute,142,c09,32,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Roots and flowers used for stomach and bowel troubles.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"
364,10,Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.,291,Zuni,157,cb80,377,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Fresh flowers eaten for stomachaches.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377"
365,11,Abronia latifolia Eschsch.,41,Clallam,99,f80,201,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201"
366,11,Abronia latifolia Eschsch.,114,Klallam,25,g73,29,1,Food,,,Roots used for food.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
367,11,Abronia latifolia Eschsch.,133,Makah,25,g73,29,1,Food,,,Roots eaten in the fall.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29"
368,12,Abronia turbinata Torr. ex S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
369,13,Abronia villosa S. Wats.,183,Paiute,111,m90,41,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Used as an urinary inducer.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 41"
370,13,Abronia villosa S. Wats.,232,Shoshoni,12,tha41,30,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of mashed roots applied to burns.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
371,14,Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,69,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Dried flowers eaten for gripping stomachaches.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69"
372,14,Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,69,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Flowers, root bark and other plants pounded, resulting liquid heated and taken for stomachaches.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69"
373,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
374,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,1,Food,44,Porridge,Dried pods ground into flour and used to make mush or cakes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
375,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,1,Food,31,Vegetable,Pods eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
376,15,Acacia greggii Gray,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,37,Fuel,Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
377,15,Acacia greggii Gray,65,Diegueno,122,h75,218,1,Food,50,Fodder,Used to feed domesticated animals.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 218"
378,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Split twigs used as basket material.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
379,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,4,Fiber,93,Brushes & Brooms,Twigs made into a brush and used to brush off metates.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
380,15,Acacia greggii Gray,89,Havasupai,2,ws85,225,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225"
381,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,57,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Thorns removed, twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets.","Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57"
382,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,53,4,Fiber,319,Other,Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
383,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Fitted around deer hunters' heads and used in sizing deer head disguises.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 40"
384,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,52,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Buds and blossoms dried and used by women as perfume sachets.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52"
385,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Curved rods used for fleshing and dehairing animal skins.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
386,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,20,3,Other,17,Tools,Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
387,15,Acacia greggii Gray,188,Papago,27,cu35,69,3,Other,17,Tools,Stems peeled of bark and thorns and used to beat sheep hides to make them more pliable.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
388,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,"Bushes dried, piled high and used as brush fences.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
389,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Branches used to make cradle frames.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
390,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,104,r08,76,1,Food,,,Beans formerly used for food.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76"
391,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,3,Other,37,Fuel,Bushes dried and used for firewood.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
392,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
393,15,Acacia greggii Gray,193,Pima,11,c49,90,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90"
394,15,Acacia greggii Gray,195,"Pima, Gila River",136,r91,7,1,Food,113,Starvation Food,Seeds used as 'starvation food.',"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
395,15,Acacia greggii Gray,229,Seri,29,d44,136,1,Food,44,Porridge,"Beans ground into a meal, mixed with water or sea lion oil and eaten.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
396,16,Acacia koa Gray,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,46,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Leaves spread out on the bed to cause the patient lying on them to sweat.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46"
397,16,Acacia koa Gray,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,46,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Ashes of this and other plants applied to the mouth interior of infants for physical weakness.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46"
398,16,Acacia koa Gray,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,46,2,Drug,128,Strengthener,Ashes of this and other plants applied to the mouth interior of infants for physical weakness.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46"
399,16,Acacia koa Gray,90,Hawaiian,68,a22,46,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoes.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46"
400,17,Acacia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,14,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Limbs split and used to coil around the edges of baskets.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14"
401,17,Acacia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,14,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Limbs used for cradleboard spudi.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14"
402,17,Acacia sp.,97,Hualapai,127,w82,14,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Roots used to make the cradleboard frame.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14"
403,17,Acacia sp.,274,Walapai,58,bc41,49,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Used for cradle frames.,"Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII.  The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 49"
404,18,Acacia willardiana,229,Seri,29,d44,138,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Splints used to make the woof for basketry.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
405,18,Acacia willardiana,229,Seri,29,d44,138,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138"
406,19,Acalypha virginica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Root used for 'dropsy.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
407,19,Acalypha virginica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Root used for pox.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
408,19,Acalypha virginica L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,61,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Root used for 'gravel.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
409,20,Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var. hirtellus Blake,106,Kawaiisu,60,z81,9,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Mashed plant used as a salve for pain.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 9"
410,21,Acer alba L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Bark used as a cough remedy.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
411,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,31,Chehalis,25,g73,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make the wattleworks of fish traps.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
412,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sap eaten dried.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
413,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,,,Sap eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
414,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,2,Drug,133,Love Medicine,Branches used by women as a love medicine.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
415,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,15,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to made acorn paddles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
416,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,129,Lummi,25,g73,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make the wattleworks of fish traps.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
417,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
418,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,145,Modesse,109,m66,223,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Branches used for the frames of snowshoes.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
419,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,90,3,Other,32,Containers,Wood used to make small boxes and oil containers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90"
420,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,90,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls and drinking containers.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90"
421,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,76,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
422,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,90,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90"
423,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,209,Quileute,25,g73,40,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make the wattleworks of fish traps.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
424,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,40,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Straight shoots used to make openwork baskets for general household utilities.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
425,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,40,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Poles used to hold down roof planks on houses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
426,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,40,3,Other,26,Paint,Charcoal mixed with oil and used as black paint.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
427,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Used to make snowshoes.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
428,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,241,Skagit,25,g73,40,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Saplings used as swings for baby cradles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
429,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,241,Skagit,25,g73,40,3,Other,17,Tools,Saplings used to make salmon tongs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
430,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for dysentery. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
431,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,"Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for polio. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
432,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used in making baby basket frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
433,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used in making snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
434,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,33,steed28,498,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498"
435,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Wood gathered while green, the heart removed and used in making bows, arrows and dipnet frames.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
436,22,Acer circinatum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,145,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used in making implement handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
437,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,200,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Bark used to make spoons.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
438,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,200,3,Other,17,Tools,"Straight sticks tied around a tree base, ignited and burned until the tree fell.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
439,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Infusion of bark taken in the morning as a cathartic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
440,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,86,Spice,"Dried, crushed leaves used to spice stored meat.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
441,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,107,3,Other,32,Containers,Bark used to make paint containers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
442,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,101,Isleta,76,j31,20,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Straight, young tree trunks used to make bows.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20"
443,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,151,Montana Indian,73,b05,5,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Young twigs used for making fishnet hoops.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
444,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,159,"Navajo, Ramah",18,v52,36,2,Drug,20,Panacea,"Infusion of branches used for swellings, a 'life medicine.'","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36"
445,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,Branch tied in a knot and placed over the bear's tracks while hunting to stop the wounded bear.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
446,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used to make the frame of a woman's sweathouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
447,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
448,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make screens for smoke drying racks.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
449,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make tongs for removing food from boiling water.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
450,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,3,Other,57,Fasteners,Wood used to make teepee pegs.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
451,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for fuel.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
452,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to make drum hoops.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
453,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make spear handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
454,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,59,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make a child's first bow.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
455,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,475,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Decoction of wood and bark taken for nausea caused by smelling a corpse.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475"
456,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,"Decoction of sticks and saskatoon sticks taken to heal women's insides and stimulate lactation. The decoction was made either with two sticks each of saskatoon and rocky mountain maple, or, for a stronger medicine, four sticks each and used after childbirth to heal women's insides and to stimulate the flow of milk for nursing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
457,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,"Decoction of four straight, young sticks used as a wash or taken for snakebites. The informant could not recall whether the decoction was taken internally or used as a wash.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
458,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Fibrous inner bark used to make twine.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
459,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used for cradle frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
460,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,146,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Branches used whenever obtainable to make snowshoe frames.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
461,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,500,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Twigs used to make snowshoe frames.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500"
462,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used for making snowshoes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
463,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,499,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used for making bows.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
464,23,Acer glabrum Torr.,289,Yurok,70,b81,15,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Fruit used to play with.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
465,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used to make baskets.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
466,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,78,Gitksan,166,g92,153,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Inner bark used to make mats.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
467,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,86,Haisla,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into rattles and used by shamans.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
468,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,4,Fiber,51,Snow Gear,Wood used to make snowshoes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
469,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make frontispieces for chief's masks.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
470,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
471,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make axe handles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
472,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,88,Hanaksiala,14,c93,209,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to make the skulls for the shamanistic costumes.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
473,24,Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel,181,Oweekeno,14,c93,82,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make spoons.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 82"
474,25,Acer glabrum var. neomexicanum (Greene) Kearney & Peebles,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,44,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap collected and boiled to obtain syrup and sugar.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44"
475,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
476,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,24,Cahuilla,31,bs72,29,3,Other,37,Fuel,Limbs used for house construction and considered good firewood.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29"
477,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,31,Chehalis,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dead wood used for smoking salmon.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
478,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
479,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Sap eaten dried.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
480,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,41,Clallam,99,f80,197,1,Food,,,Sap eaten fresh.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197"
481,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,49,Concow,89,c02,365,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Inner bark used in spring to make baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
482,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,49,Concow,89,c02,365,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark used to make crude dresses.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
483,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,50,Costanoan,16,b84,248,1,Food,,,Seeds used for food.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248"
484,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,77,1,Food,86,Spice,"Leaves used in steaming pits to flavor deer, seal or porpoise meat.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
485,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,52,Cowichan,23,tb71,77,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Large leaves used for lining baskets, wrapping fish and placing on berry drying racks.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
486,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,99,Cordage,Bark used to make rope and tumplines.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
487,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,84,Haida,25,g73,39,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to make wood carvings.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
488,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,60,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,White wood used to make rattles.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"
489,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,4,Fiber,67,"Mats, Rugs & Bedding",Leaves made into mats and used to cover the layers of dried salmon stored for the winter in baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
490,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves placed under and between layers of the bulbs while cooking in the earth oven.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
491,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,71,sg52,385,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood made into the paddle used for stirring the food in the cooking baskets.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
492,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,105,Karok,70,b81,15,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to made acorn paddles.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
493,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,114,Klallam,25,g73,39,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
494,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,114,Klallam,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
495,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,275,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Sticky, bud gum and oil used as a hair tonic.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
496,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood used to carve masks.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
497,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to carve dishes and spoons.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
498,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,122,"Kwakiutl, Southern",63,tb73,296,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Wood used to carve rattles.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296"
499,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,129,Lummi,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
500,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,129,Lummi,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
501,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,129,Lummi,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make dishes and spoons.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
502,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Withes used as coarse twine warp and weft in the manufacture of baskets.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
503,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,132,Maidu,162,sk58,71,4,Fiber,102,Sewing Material,Withes used as coiling thread.,"Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71"
504,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,133,Makah,3,g83,285,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285"
505,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,165,Nisqually,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Boughs used to cover temporary housing.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
506,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,"Hard, lightweight wood used to make paddles.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
507,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,"Hard, lightweight wood used to make masks and ceremonial rattles.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
508,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,91,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Hard, lightweight wood used to make bowls.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
509,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,200,Pomo,80,g67,14,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Wood used to make dice for a gambling game.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
510,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,70,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Branches used to make staves for a dice type gambling game.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 70"
511,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,210,Quinault,25,g73,39,3,Other,37,Fuel,Dead wood used for smoking salmon.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
512,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,215,Saanich,23,tb71,77,1,Food,86,Spice,"Leaves used in steaming pits to flavor deer, seal or porpoise meat.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
513,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,77,1,Food,,,Cambium eaten in small quantities with oil.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
514,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,217,"Salish, Coast",23,tb71,77,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as an excellent fuel.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
515,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,241,Skagit,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
516,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,241,Skagit,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
517,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,242,"Skagit, Upper",131,t89,42,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42"
518,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,245,Snohomish,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make canoe paddles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
519,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,245,Snohomish,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
520,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,251,Squaxin,25,g73,39,3,Other,32,Containers,Leaves used to lay fish on while cleaning.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
521,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,39,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make cradle boards.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
522,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Dead wood used for smoking salmon.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
523,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,253,Swinomish,25,g73,39,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make dishes and spoons.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
524,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Raw sap used as a tonic in the olden days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
525,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,"Inner bark used to make scouring pads, temporary baskets and sometimes for weaving bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
526,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,4,Fiber,124,Scouring Material,Inner bark used to make scouring pads and sometimes for weaving bags and for temporary baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
527,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap boiled to make a type of maple syrup.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
528,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,,,Raw shoots used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
529,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,1,Food,31,Vegetable,"Sprouted seeds boiled and eaten as green vegetables. The sprouted seeds were generally bitter, but the young shoots were considered to be quite sweet and juicy.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
530,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,32,Containers,"Inner bark used to make scouring pads, temporary baskets and sometimes for weaving bags.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
531,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Inner bark used to make soapberry whippers. Children sometimes made miniature whisks which they used to whip the juice that was left after the dried soapberries were soaked.  They made the juice with their whisks and then drank it.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
532,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used in pit cooking, to line the pit and interspersed between the layers of food. The leaves were also used between layers of fish in fish caches.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
533,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,"Leaves used to line the containers used in making ripened salmon eggs. The maple leaves were used to line the basket and were placed in layers between the eggs.  The eggs were generally prepared in a birch bark basket, placed in a hole in the ground lined with birch bark and left there until springtime when they were considered cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
534,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,259,Thompson,10,tta90,147,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make soapberry eating paddles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
535,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,265,Tlingit,25,g73,39,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to make wood carvings.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
536,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,266,Tolowa,70,b81,15,4,Fiber,73,Clothing,Bark fibers used to make women's skirts.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
537,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,267,Tsimshian,25,g73,39,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to make wood carvings.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39"
538,26,Acer macrophyllum Pursh,273,Wailaki,89,c02,365,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,"Bark cut into one-inch bands, fastened together into a roll and used to catch deer.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365"
539,27,Acer negundo L.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,44,1,Food,4,Dried Food,Inner bark scrapings dried and kept for winter use.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44"
540,27,Acer negundo L.,11,"Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero",95,co36,44,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Inner bark boiled until sugar crystallizes out of it.,"Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44"
541,27,Acer negundo L.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,4,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Wood burned as incense for making spiritual medicines.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
542,27,Acer negundo L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,13,1,Food,85,Candy,"Sap boiled, added to animal hide shavings and eaten as a relished candy.","Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13"
543,27,Acer negundo L.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,4,1,Food,85,Candy,Sap mixed with shavings from inner sides of animal hides and eaten as candy.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
544,27,Acer negundo L.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,4,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood burned during Sundance ceremonies.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
545,27,Acer negundo L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,46,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46"
546,27,Acer negundo L.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,4,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood burned and used for cooking meat.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
547,27,Acer negundo L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,13,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used as firewood for cooking meat.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13"
548,27,Acer negundo L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,366,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 366"
549,27,Acer negundo L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,101,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
550,27,Acer negundo L.,61,Dakota,91,g13i,366,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to obtain charcoal for tattooing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 366"
551,27,Acer negundo L.,107,"Keres, Western",79,swank32,24,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Twigs made into prayer sticks.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24"
552,27,Acer negundo L.,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood burned in the altar fire of the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
553,27,Acer negundo L.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,200,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 200"
554,27,Acer negundo L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,4,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap boiled or frozen and used as a sweet syrup.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
555,27,Acer negundo L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,4,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Large trunk burls or knots used to make bowls and dishes.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
556,27,Acer negundo L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,4,3,Other,146,Musical Instrument,Large trunk burls or knots used to make drums.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
557,27,Acer negundo L.,151,Montana Indian,30,h92,4,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Large trunk burls or knots used to make pipe stems.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
558,27,Acer negundo L.,157,Navajo,74,e44,62,3,Other,17,Tools,Wood used to make tubes for bellows.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62"
559,27,Acer negundo L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,353,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of inner bark taken as an emetic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353"
560,27,Acer negundo L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap mixed with the sap of the sugar maple and used as a beverage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
561,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,329,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap boiled to make sugar and syrup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329"
562,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
563,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,101,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
564,27,Acer negundo L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,336,3,Other,38,Decorations,Plant made into charcoal and used for tribal tattooing of girls.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 336"
565,27,Acer negundo L.,190,Pawnee,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
566,27,Acer negundo L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
567,27,Acer negundo L.,238,Sioux,30,h92,4,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood made into charcoal and used for ceremonial painting and tattooing.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4"
568,27,Acer negundo L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,101,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 101"
569,28,Acer negundo var. interius (Britt.) Sarg.,54,Cree,146,j87,44,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 44"
570,28,Acer negundo var. interius (Britt.) Sarg.,257,Tewa,61,rhf16,38,3,Other,79,Smoking Tools,Twigs used for making pipe stems.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38"
571,29,Acer negundo var. negundo,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood burned in the altar fire of the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
572,29,Acer negundo var. negundo,111,Kiowa,140,vs39,40,3,Other,30,Ceremonial Items,Wood burned in the altar fire of the peyote ceremony.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 40"
573,29,Acer negundo var. negundo,238,Sioux,73,b05,16,1,Food,75,Staple,Sap boiled down in the spring and made into sugar.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16"
574,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
575,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
576,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
577,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of inner bark used for diarrhea.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
578,30,Acer nigrum Michx. f.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,"'Arbor liquore abundans, ex quo liquor tanquam urina vehementer projicitur.'","Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
579,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,154,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Used for bronchial troubles.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154"
580,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,196,2,Drug,,,Infusion of plant used as a medicinal tea.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 196"
581,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,196,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Plant eaten by a moose with a broken bone to aid its healing.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 196"
582,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,3,Other,37,Fuel,Wood used for firewood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
583,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of bark taken as an emetic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
584,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
585,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Decoction of bark applied as poultice for paralysis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
586,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Wood used for spitting blood.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
587,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Bark used for colds.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
588,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Bark used for coughs.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
589,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Wood used for kidney trouble.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
590,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Bark used for 'grippe.',"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
591,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Unspecified plant parts used for 'trouble with the limbs.',"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
592,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Wood used for gonorrhea.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
593,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
594,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
595,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
596,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,200,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"
597,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Compound infusion of plant taken for 'spitting up blood.',"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
598,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,310,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of steeped bark applied to swollen limbs.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310"
599,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for kidney trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
600,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
601,31,Acer pensylvanicum L.,192,Penobscot,103,s17,311,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea .,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
602,32,Acer rubrum L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,170,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170"
603,32,Acer rubrum L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,152,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Used as a sweetener.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152"
604,32,Acer rubrum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,99,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make syrup.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 99"
605,32,Acer rubrum L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,99,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 99"
606,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
607,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
608,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion taken for hives.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
609,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,105,w47,73,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of inner bark boiled to a syrup and used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 73"
610,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Inner bark boiled and used with water as wash for sore eyes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
611,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'female trouble' and cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
612,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Hot infusion of bark given for measles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
613,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
614,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
615,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
616,32,Acer rubrum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to carve.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
617,32,Acer rubrum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Complex compound taken as a blood purifier.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
618,32,Acer rubrum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of bark used as drops for sore eyes and cataracts.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
619,32,Acer rubrum L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,61,Hunting Medicine,"Decoction of plants used as a wash for traps, a 'trapping medicine.'","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
620,32,Acer rubrum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
621,32,Acer rubrum L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,53,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 53"
622,32,Acer rubrum L.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make basket splints.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
623,32,Acer rubrum L.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make basketware.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
624,32,Acer rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,353,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353"
625,32,Acer rubrum L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,412,3,Other,167,Designs,"Leaf frequently used in the Ojibwe beadwork designs. Many leaves, flowers and fruits furnish designs.  Since the plants are sacred to their midewiwin or medicine lodge, it is common for them to use especially valuable remedies in their designs.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 412"
626,32,Acer rubrum L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,37,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of inner bark used as an eyewash.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37"
627,32,Acer rubrum L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,116,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Traps boiled in water with bark to deodorize the scent of the previous animal trapped.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116"
628,32,Acer rubrum L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,269,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
629,32,Acer rubrum L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,269,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,"Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
630,32,Acer rubrum L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,269,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
631,32,Acer rubrum L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,472,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Plant used to make spoons.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472"
632,32,Acer rubrum L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,472,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Plant used to make arrow heads.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472"
633,32,Acer rubrum L.,228,Seminole,88,s54,472,3,Other,164,Stable Gear,Plant used to make ox yokes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472"
634,33,Acer rubrum var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Sarg.,116,Koasati,115,t40,39,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of bark taken and used as a wash for gun wounds.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
635,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of bark taken for cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
636,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
637,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion taken for hives.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
638,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Inner bark boiled and used with water as wash for sore eyes.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
639,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'female trouble' and cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
640,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Hot infusion of bark given for measles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
641,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,43,Basketry,Used to make baskets.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
642,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
643,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
644,34,Acer saccharinum L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to carve.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
645,34,Acer saccharinum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Bark boiled and used as a wash for old, stubborn, running sores.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
646,34,Acer saccharinum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
647,34,Acer saccharinum L.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,136,3,Other,107,Cleaning Agent,"Bark, hemlock and swamp oak bark boiled together to make a wash to remove rust from steel or iron. The barks were boiled together and used to remove rust from steel or iron and to prevent further rusting.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
648,34,Acer saccharinum L.,61,Dakota,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
649,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,2,Drug,,,"Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a medicine.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
650,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,146,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap fermented and used as an intoxicant.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 146"
651,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
652,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
653,34,Acer saccharinum L.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
654,34,Acer saccharinum L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,"Infusion of bark, removed from south side of tree, taken for cough.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
655,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,232,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232"
656,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
657,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
658,34,Acer saccharinum L.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
659,34,Acer saccharinum L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,198,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of inner bark used for diarrhea.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
660,34,Acer saccharinum L.,174,"Ojibwa, South",56,h91,199,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Compound decoction of inner bark taken as a diuretic.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
661,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,324,5,Dye,108,Black,Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used in tanning leather. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water.  A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water.  Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324"
662,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,100,5,Dye,108,Black,Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
663,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,154,g13ii,328,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap boiled to make sugar and syrup.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 328"
664,34,Acer saccharinum L.,177,Omaha,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
665,34,Acer saccharinum L.,205,Ponca,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
666,34,Acer saccharinum L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,100,5,Dye,108,Black,Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water.  A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water.  Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
667,34,Acer saccharinum L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
668,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,98,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make syrup.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 98"
669,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,98,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 98"
670,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,91,Building Material,Wood used for lumber.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
671,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,4,Fiber,109,Furniture,Wood used to make furniture.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
672,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Juice used to make sugar.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
673,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,86,perry75,32,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32"
674,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,44,3,Other,38,Decorations,Wood used to carve.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
675,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,38,Chippewa,15,gil33,135,3,Other,132,Cash Crop,Sap made into sugar and used as a commodity of intertribal commerce. Maple sugar was among the great staples in the domestic economy and was a commodity of intertribal commerce being traded to people of tribes in areas not possessing this tree.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135"
676,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,377,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Used to make paddles for stirring maple sap.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377"
677,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,61,Dakota,17,g19,100,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap formerly used to make sugar.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100"
678,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Complex compound used as a blood purifier.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
679,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Compound decoction of leaves used as a wash on parts affected by 'Italian itch.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
680,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,378,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Compound infusion of bark used as drops for blindness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
681,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Sap used for sore eyes.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
682,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,52,2,Drug,48,Pulmonary Aid,Infusion of bark with another whole plant taken by forest runners for shortness of breath.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 52"
683,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,2,Drug,,,"Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a medicine.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
684,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,146,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap fermented and used as an intoxicant.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 146"
685,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,52,1,Food,27,Beverage,Sap made into sugar and used to make beer.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 52"
686,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Sap, thimbleberries and water used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
687,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,119,1,Food,2,Bread & Cake,"Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread.","Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119"
688,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,52,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 52"
689,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,100,Iroquois,112,w16,142,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used to make sugar.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142"
690,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,4,Fiber,70,Canoe Material,Wood used to make paddles and oars.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
691,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Used to make maple syrup.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
692,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Used to make maple syrup and sugar.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
693,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,134,Malecite,78,sd52,6,3,Other,145,Lighting,Wood used to make torch handles.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6"
694,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,138,Menominee,51,s23,61,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Boiled sap made into maple sugar and used in almost every combination of cookery.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 61"
695,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,255,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Maple sugar used instead of salt as seasoning in cooking.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 255"
696,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,139,Meskwaki,21,smith28,266,3,Other,167,Designs,Leaf used in beadwork designs.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 266"
697,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,27,Beverage,Bark used to make a beverage.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
698,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,1,Food,7,Sauce & Relish,Sap used to make maple syrup and maple sugar.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
699,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,141,Micmac,182,sd51,258,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Used to make bows and arrows.,"Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258"
700,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Inner bark used as a cough remedy.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
701,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,69,1,Food,135,Sweetener,Sap used as a sweetening agent and to make maple syrup.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69"
702,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Sap saved to drink as it comes from the tree, alone or mixed with box elder or birch sap.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
703,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,163,Sour,Sap allowed to sour to make vinegar and mixed with maple sugar to cook sweet and sour meat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
704,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,394,1,Food,135,Sweetener,"Maple sugar used to season all kinds of meats, replaced now with salt. Smith describes in detail the process by which the Ojibwe make maple syrup.  Although now (1932) they use iron kettles, originally the sap and storage vessels were 'made of birch bark, sewed with boiled basswood fiber or the core of the jack pine root.'  The vessels are rendered waterproof by the application of pitch secured by boiling jack pine cones.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394"
705,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make bowls and many other objects of utility.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
706,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,3,Other,33,Cooking Tools,Wood used to make paddles for stirring maple sugar or wild rice while scorching or parching it.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
707,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,37,2,Drug,139,Expectorant,Inner bark used as an expectorant.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37"
708,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,92,1,Food,27,Beverage,"Maple sap, as it came from the tree, drunk by children.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92"
709,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,92,1,Food,85,Candy,Children made taffy by cooling the maple sap in the snow.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92"
710,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,92,1,Food,163,Sour,Maple sap not only furnished the sugar for seasoning material but also furnished the vinegar. Sap that was allowed to become sour made a vinegar to be used in cooking venison which was afterwards sweetened with maple sugar.  This corresponds somewhat to the German 'sweet and sour' style of cooking.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92"
711,35,Acer saccharum Marsh.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,92,1,Food,135,Sweetener,"Maple sugar used, instead of salt, to season all cooking. The sugar maple and the black sugar maple are found all over Wisconsin and were considered to be the most valuable trees in the forest because they furnished them their seasoning material.  While they do use salt today, it is an acquired ingredient and most of the old people would prefer to have sugar for their seasoning.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92"
712,36,Acer sp.,183,Paiute,98,m53,88,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make bows.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 88"
713,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of boiled root chips applied to wounds and abscesses.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
714,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,377,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for internal hemorrhage.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 377"
715,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,94,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for intestinal diseases.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 94"
716,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of outside bark used for sore eyes.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
717,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,248,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Poultice of outside bark used for sore eyes.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248"
718,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,138,Menominee,51,s23,73,3,Other,167,Designs,Leaves used as design for bead work and applique work.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 73"
719,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Bark used for sore eyes.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
720,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,353,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of pith used as a wash for sore eyes and pith used to remove foreign matter.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353"
721,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,413,3,Other,167,Designs,Three-lobed leaf was a great favorite with Ojibwe women for design work for beading.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413"
722,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Wood used to make arrows.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
723,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,173,Ojibwa,8,r28,234,3,Other,24,Toys & Games,Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234"
724,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,37,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Compound containing inner bark used as cough syrup.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37"
725,37,Acer spicatum Lam.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,110,3,Other,167,Designs,"Leaves used as a pattern for bead and applique work. In making up a design for art work or bead work, a woman would burn deer antlers until they turned to charcoal and use this to rub on the backs of leaves.  This surface was placed down upon a piece of white birchbark and rubbed until the shape and venation of the leaves were transferred to the birchbark.  Then arranging with other leaves, a design would be formed which would be the pattern for the bead work.  Oftentimes, this would be placed directly under the loom so that the form and outline of the finished bead work would be a true representation of the natural object.","Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 110"
726,38,Achillea millefolium L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,174,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of whole plant given to children for colds.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 174"
727,38,Achillea millefolium L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,154,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Used for fevers.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154"
728,38,Achillea millefolium L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,154,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Used for grippe.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154"
729,38,Achillea millefolium L.,1,Abnaki,84,r47,174,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of whole plant given to children for colds.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 174"
730,38,Achillea millefolium L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,240,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Crushed leaves used as a snuff for headaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 240"
731,38,Achillea millefolium L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,240,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Used for colds.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 240"
732,38,Achillea millefolium L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,240,2,Drug,138,Poultice,Leaves used for poultices.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 240"
733,38,Achillea millefolium L.,7,"Algonquin, Quebec",67,b80,240,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Used for respiratory disorders.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 240"
734,38,Achillea millefolium L.,8,"Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule",113,ray45,118,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves and flowers used for headaches.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
735,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,148,Breast Treatment,"Leaves pounded, heated and used for breast abscesses.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
736,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,"Leaves pounded, heated and used for burns.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
737,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,9,s29,65,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to burns.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
738,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Leaves pounded, heated and used for boils.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
739,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Poultice of leaves and eulachon grease applied to the chest and back of children for bronchitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
740,38,Achillea millefolium L.,21,Bella Coola,53,t73,201,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Poultice of leaves and eulachon grease applied to the chest and back of children for bronchitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
741,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body to soothe the pain of gastroenteritis.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
742,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Infusion of plant applied to swellingss.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
743,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of chewed flowers applied to swollen parts.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
744,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant applied to sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
745,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,117,Diuretic,Infusion of plant taken as a diuretic to pass the sickness with the urine.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
746,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves taken to expel the afterbirth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
747,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,60,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves taken when labor pains started and to ease the delivery.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
748,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,65,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body for liver troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
749,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,69,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of plant rubbed on the body part affected by sickness.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69"
750,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,70,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of plant taken for sore throats.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70"
751,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,87,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Infusion of plant used as an eyewash for horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87"
752,38,Achillea millefolium L.,23,Blackfoot,26,h74,100,1,Food,27,Beverage,Leaves and flowers used to make a pleasant tea.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
753,38,Achillea millefolium L.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,65,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Decoction of entire plant, except roots, taken for colds.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
754,38,Achillea millefolium L.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,65,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
755,38,Achillea millefolium L.,29,"Carrier, Southern",9,s29,65,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
756,38,Achillea millefolium L.,31,Chehalis,25,g73,49,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves taken for the passage of blood with diarrhea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
757,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Used for hemorrhages and spitting blood.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
758,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Astringent leaves used for hemorrhages and bowel complaints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
759,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion taken for fever.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
760,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Used for bowel complaints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
761,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Used for flooding.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
762,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,74,Hemorrhoid Remedy,Used for bloody piles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
763,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Dried leaves smoked for catarrh.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
764,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,15,Sedative,Infusion taken for restful sleep.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
765,38,Achillea millefolium L.,32,Cherokee,1,hc75,62,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Used for bloody urine.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
766,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for chest pains.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
767,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for nausea.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
768,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for colds.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
769,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,6,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves used for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
770,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for coughs.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
771,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken to cause perspiring.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
772,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,30,h92,6,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of leaves used for fevers.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
773,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,104,Heart Medicine,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for heart troubles and chest pains.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
774,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Crushed leaves placed in the nose for nosebleeds.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
775,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of plant taken or leaves rubbed on body for respiratory diseases.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
776,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for tickling of the throat.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
777,38,Achillea millefolium L.,33,Cheyenne,57,h81,17,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of plant taken or leaves rubbed on body for tuberculosis.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17"
778,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of leaves steamed and inhaled for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
779,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,350,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of root applied to skin 'eruptions.',"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350"
780,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,336,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Decoction of leaves sprinkled on hot stones as herbal steam for headache.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336"
781,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,364,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Dried chewed root spit onto limbs as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
782,38,Achillea millefolium L.,38,Chippewa,4,d28,366,2,Drug,34,Veterinary Aid,Decoction of leaves and stalk applied to horses as a stimulant.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366"
783,38,Achillea millefolium L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves used for colds.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
784,38,Achillea millefolium L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Infusion of leaves used during childbirth.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
785,38,Achillea millefolium L.,41,Clallam,99,f80,199,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,Seeds used as house fragrances.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
786,38,Achillea millefolium L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,49,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves used as a hair wash.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
787,38,Achillea millefolium L.,53,Cowlitz,25,g73,49,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
788,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant heads used to make a compress for headaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
789,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,111,Antihemorrhagic,Leaves chewed for bleeding.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
790,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Decoction of roots taken for fevers.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
791,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of plant heads used to make a compress for fevers.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
792,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Decoction of roots taken or roots chewed for toothaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
793,38,Achillea millefolium L.,58,"Cree, Woodlands",47,l85,23,3,Other,28,Hunting & Fishing Item,Dried flowers used for lynx bait.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
794,38,Achillea millefolium L.,59,Creek,128,swan28,663,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663"
795,38,Achillea millefolium L.,60,Crow,30,h92,6,2,Drug,82,Burn Dressing,Poultice of plant used for burns.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
796,38,Achillea millefolium L.,60,Crow,30,h92,6,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant used for boils and open sores.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
797,38,Achillea millefolium L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,35,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant used for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 35"
798,38,Achillea millefolium L.,62,Delaware,97,t72,35,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant used for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 35"
799,38,Achillea millefolium L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 74",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 74"
800,38,Achillea millefolium L.,63,"Delaware, Oklahoma",22,t42,"29, 74",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of whole plant taken for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 74"
801,38,Achillea millefolium L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,6,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves boiled and used for aching backs and legs.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
802,38,Achillea millefolium L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,6,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves used for colds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
803,38,Achillea millefolium L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,6,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves crushed and used for wounds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
804,38,Achillea millefolium L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,6,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Herb used as a disinfectant.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
805,38,Achillea millefolium L.,76,Flathead,30,h92,6,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of leaves used for fevers.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
806,38,Achillea millefolium L.,78,Gitksan,9,s29,65,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Decoction of young plant or root gargled for sore throat.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
807,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of plant used for headaches.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
808,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant applied for rheumatism.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
809,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,350,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of plant applied to joints affected by rheumatism.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 350"
810,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant applied to bruises.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
811,38,Achillea millefolium L.,79,Gosiute,38,c11,360,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of plant used for biliousness.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
812,38,Achillea millefolium L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,220,2,Drug,,,Plants placed on heated rocks and rising vapors used for unspecified illness.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 220"
813,38,Achillea millefolium L.,87,Haisla and Hanaksiala,14,c93,220,1,Food,5,Forage,Plant eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 220"
814,38,Achillea millefolium L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,61,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for any kind of internal pain.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
815,38,Achillea millefolium L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,61,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for prolonged cough.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
816,38,Achillea millefolium L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,61,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for the stomach.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
817,38,Achillea millefolium L.,92,Hesquiat,41,te82,61,2,Drug,110,Internal Medicine,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for internal organs.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61"
818,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots or leaves used internally or externally for headaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
819,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Plant chewed and poultice of leaves applied for neuralgia.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
820,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,16,Anthelmintic,Infusion of leaves given to children with worms.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
821,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,97,Anticonvulsive,Decoction of plants given and used as wash for babies with convulsions.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
822,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,"Compound decoction of plants, bark and roots taken for diarrhea.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
823,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,64,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of plant and seeds from another plant used for diarrhea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64"
824,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,471,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of smashed plants taken for diarrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471"
825,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,64,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,"Decoction of leaves, branches and another plant taken for vomiting and nausea.","Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64"
826,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,103,Antiemetic,"Decoction or infusion of plants, bark and roots taken for vomiting.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
827,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,92,Antirheumatic (Internal),Infusion of plants taken when 'sore through the joints.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
828,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,"Compound decoction of plants, roots and bark taken as a blood purifier.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
829,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,471,2,Drug,40,Emetic,Infusion of smashed plants taken as an emetic for sunstroke.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471"
830,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of leaves given to babies with any kind of fever.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
831,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,471,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of smashed plants taken for fever caused by sunstroke.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471"
832,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,116,r45i,103,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of plant applied and infusion of plant used for fevers.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 103"
833,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,59,r45ii,64,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of plant fragments taken for digestive cramps.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64"
834,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Plant used for 'summer complaint' and decoction of plants taken for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
835,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Plant used as a miscellaneous disease remedy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
836,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of leaves given to babies with any kind of sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
837,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Compound decoction of stems given to children with diarrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
838,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of plants given and used as wash for babies with convulsions.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
839,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,469,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of leaves given to babies with any kind of sickness or fever.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469"
840,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Cold infusion given and used as wash on unconscious person who had fallen.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
841,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,470,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,"Compound decoction of plants, roots and bark taken for venereal disease.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
842,38,Achillea millefolium L.,100,Iroquois,7,h77,471,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Decoction of plant tops used as a wash on parts affected by gonorrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471"
843,38,Achillea millefolium L.,105,Karok,71,sg52,390,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of soaked stalks and leaves applied to wounds.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 390"
844,38,Achillea millefolium L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,49,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of leaves taken for colds.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
845,38,Achillea millefolium L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,49,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
846,38,Achillea millefolium L.,114,Klallam,25,g73,49,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of leaves taken during childbirth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
847,38,Achillea millefolium L.,115,Klamath,66,c97,105,1,Food,83,Preservative,"Stem, leaf and flower placed inside fish cavity as a preservative.","Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
848,38,Achillea millefolium L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,6,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction used for washing sores and other skin problems.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
849,38,Achillea millefolium L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,6,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves crushed and used for wounds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
850,38,Achillea millefolium L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,6,2,Drug,129,Disinfectant,Herb used as a disinfectant.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
851,38,Achillea millefolium L.,120,Kutenai,30,h92,6,3,Other,53,Incense & Fragrance,"Leaves formerly used for cologne, perfume and bath powder.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
852,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
853,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Poultice of leaves applied to the chest for colds.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
854,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,266,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied or compound rubbed on sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
855,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Poultice of leaves applied to chest for hardened breasts after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
856,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,78,Herbal Steam,Leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism or general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
857,38,Achillea millefolium L.,121,Kwakiutl,63,tb73,278,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Leaves used in a steambath for general sickness.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
858,38,Achillea millefolium L.,125,Lakota,156,k90,46,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of dried and chewed plants applied to wounds and sores.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
859,38,Achillea millefolium L.,129,Lummi,25,g73,49,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Decoction of flowers taken for body aches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
860,38,Achillea millefolium L.,129,Lummi,25,g73,49,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Decoction of flowers taken to produce sweating.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
861,38,Achillea millefolium L.,129,Lummi,25,g73,49,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of flowers taken to prevent mumps.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
862,38,Achillea millefolium L.,131,Mahuna,5,r54,24,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Rolled leaves inserted into cavity of painful tooth.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 24"
863,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,25,g73,49,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of leaves taken to purify the blood.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
864,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Leaves chewed as a blood purifier.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
865,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Leaves chewed 'to clean one out.',"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
866,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,25,g73,49,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Raw leaves chewed by women to produce sweating at childbirth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
867,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,25,g73,49,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Decoction of leaves taken to heal the uterus after birth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
868,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant taken at the start of labor 'to hurry the baby.',"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
869,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Plant taken by an expectant mother close to the time of birth for an easy delivery.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
870,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,25,g73,49,2,Drug,22,Gynecological Aid,Raw leaves chewed by women to produce sweating at childbirth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
871,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used like an antibiotic.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
872,38,Achillea millefolium L.,133,Makah,3,g83,322,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
873,38,Achillea millefolium L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,244,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Used as a liniment for bruises.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244"
874,38,Achillea millefolium L.,134,Malecite,93,mech59,244,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Used as a liniment for sprains.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244"
875,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for headaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
876,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for bruises.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
877,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
878,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for stomachaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
879,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sprains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
880,38,Achillea millefolium L.,137,Mendocino Indian,89,c02,391,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for consumption.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
881,38,Achillea millefolium L.,138,Menominee,176,d32,132,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves applied to swellings and sores.","Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 132"
882,38,Achillea millefolium L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"28, 29",2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of leaves used on children's rash and fresh tops used to rub on eczema.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28, 29"
883,38,Achillea millefolium L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"28, 29",2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of leaves used for fevers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28, 29"
884,38,Achillea millefolium L.,138,Menominee,51,s23,"28, 29",2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Poultice of leaves used for 'the rash of children.',"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28, 29"
885,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,25,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),"Dried, powdered bark or green leaves rubbed over swellings.","Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
886,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Herb used for colds.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
887,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,25,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Dried, powdered bark or green leaves rubbed over bruises.","Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
888,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,25,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Decoction of plant taken with milk to cause a sweat for colds.,"Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
889,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,155,w22,25,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Dried, powdered bark or green leaves rubbed over sprains.","Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
890,38,Achillea millefolium L.,141,Micmac,35,cfh79,53,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,"Herb used for swelling, bruises and sprains.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
891,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried or green mashed leaves used for pain and used during influenza epidemic.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
892,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Dried or green mashed leaves used for pain.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
893,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for bad colds.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
894,38,Achillea millefolium L.,144,Miwok,100,bg33,166,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of leaves and flowers used externally for influenza.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166"
895,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,266,2,Drug,290,Dietary Aid,"Cold, compound infusion taken as an appetizer.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
896,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,266,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,"Cold, compound infusion taken for the stomach.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
897,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"75, 128",2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Compound infusion of leaves taken as a stomach aid and to improve the appetite.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 128"
898,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Infusion of plant taken for the kidneys.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
899,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for kidney disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
900,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,110,tan28,269,2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Infusion of plant taken for the liver.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
901,38,Achillea millefolium L.,149,Mohegan,97,t72,"69, 128",2,Drug,81,Liver Aid,Simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
902,38,Achillea millefolium L.,150,Montagnais,103,s17,315,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Infusion of plant used for fever.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
903,38,Achillea millefolium L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,96,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of plants taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
904,38,Achillea millefolium L.,166,Nitinaht,101,ttco83,96,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Plants chewed and swallowed as 'medicine for everything.',"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
905,38,Achillea millefolium L.,166,Nitinaht,3,g83,322,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
906,38,Achillea millefolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362,2,Drug,12,Ceremonial Medicine,Florets smoked for ceremonial purposes.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362"
907,38,Achillea millefolium L.,173,Ojibwa,20,smith32,362,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Florets placed on coals and smoke inhaled to break a fever.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362"
908,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Infusion of roots taken for headaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
909,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
910,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of whole plant used as a bath for arthritic or rheumatic pains.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
911,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,29,Cathartic,Decoction or roots and scarlet gilia leaves taken as a physic.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
912,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of roots taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
913,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves and stems mixed with white clematis and witch's broom branches to make a shampoo.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
914,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots taken for stomachaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
915,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,36,Laxative,Decoction or roots and scarlet gilia leaves taken as a laxative.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
916,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Roots mashed and applied to the tooth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
917,38,Achillea millefolium L.,175,Okanagan-Colville,32,tbk80,74,3,Other,76,Insecticide,Leaves and stems used in a smudge to keep mosquitoes away.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
918,38,Achillea millefolium L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction used as wash for chapped hands, pimples, rashes and insect bites.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
919,38,Achillea millefolium L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
920,38,Achillea millefolium L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a wash for insect or snake bites.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
921,38,Achillea millefolium L.,176,Okanagon,55,p52,40,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
922,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,Green plants smelled by old men for headaches.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
923,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of plant taken or green plants smelled for colds.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
924,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,65,stew33,317,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of leaves and stems used as a liniment for skin sores.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
925,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,153,k32,196,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
926,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,153,k32,197,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Cold infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197"
927,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,153,k32,196,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sprains.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
928,38,Achillea millefolium L.,183,Paiute,153,k32,197,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Leaves chewed for toothache.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197"
929,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for chest cold.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
930,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Roots dried and chewed raw for colds.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
931,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,9,Cough Medicine,Leaves soaked and used for coughs.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
932,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of pulverized roots applied to cuts and sores.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
933,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,77,Diaphoretic,Leaves soaked and sprinkled on the hot rocks in the sweatbath.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
934,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,3,Kidney Aid,Decoction of roots taken for kidney troubles.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
935,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for flu.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
936,38,Achillea millefolium L.,185,"Paiute, Northern",50,f89,128,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Root chewed and the saliva allowed to flow down the throat for sore throats.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
937,38,Achillea millefolium L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"47, 48",2,Drug,90,Stimulant,Flowers smudged on live coals to revive comatose patient.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 47, 48"
938,38,Achillea millefolium L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,"47, 48",2,Drug,89,Witchcraft Medicine,Flowers smudged on live coals to repel evil spirits.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 47, 48"
939,38,Achillea millefolium L.,206,Potawatomi,43,smith33,117,3,Other,58,Protection,Seed heads placed on a pan of live coals to produce smoke to keep the witches away.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 117"
940,38,Achillea millefolium L.,209,Quileute,25,g73,49,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of boiled leaves applied to rheumatic limbs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
941,38,Achillea millefolium L.,209,Quileute,25,g73,49,2,Drug,45,Febrifuge,Poultice of boiled leaves applied to rheumatic limbs for the fever.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
942,38,Achillea millefolium L.,209,Quileute,25,g73,49,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of leaves used as an aromatic bath for sick infants.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
943,38,Achillea millefolium L.,209,Quileute,25,g73,49,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Decoction of leaves used as an aromatic bath for sick infants.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
944,38,Achillea millefolium L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,49,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of roots used as an eyewash.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
945,38,Achillea millefolium L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,49,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of roots taken as a general tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
946,38,Achillea millefolium L.,210,Quinault,25,g73,49,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Decoction of roots taken for tuberculosis.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
947,38,Achillea millefolium L.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,80,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Young leaves chewed and juice swallowed for colds.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"
948,38,Achillea millefolium L.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,80,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,Young leaves chewed and juice swallowed for sore throats.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"
949,38,Achillea millefolium L.,215,Saanich,23,tb71,80,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Poultice of leaves held in the mouth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"
950,38,Achillea millefolium L.,216,Salish,144,teit28,293,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of plants used for sore eyes.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 293"
951,38,Achillea millefolium L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,58,2,Drug,11,Blood Medicine,Decoction of flowers and roots taken as a blood purifier.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58"
952,38,Achillea millefolium L.,233,Shuswap,92,palmer75,56,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for poison ivy.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
953,38,Achillea millefolium L.,241,Skagit,25,g73,49,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
954,38,Achillea millefolium L.,245,Snohomish,25,g73,49,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
955,38,Achillea millefolium L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,49,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
956,38,Achillea millefolium L.,251,Squaxin,25,g73,49,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
957,38,Achillea millefolium L.,253,Swinomish,25,g73,49,2,Drug,18,Other,Plant used as a bath for invalids.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
958,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
959,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
960,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,68,Antidiarrheal,Leaves chewed or infusion of leaves taken for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
961,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Decoction of leaves and roots used for bathing arthritic limbs.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
962,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,35,Antirheumatic (External),Poultice of pounded roots used on the skin for sciatica.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
963,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
964,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
965,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Leaves chewed or decoction of leaves taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
966,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Roots chewed or decoction of roots taken for colds.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
967,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,"Decoction of plant used as a wash for chapped hands, pimples, rashes and insect bites.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
968,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of plant used as wash or powdered stem and leaf applied for skin problems.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
969,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Leaves and roots rubbed on sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
970,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of mashed basal leaves used for cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
971,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,25,Eye Medicine,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
972,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for bad stomach cramps.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
973,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,87,Misc. Disease Remedy,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for influenza.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
974,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,39,Orthopedic Aid,Leaves and roots rubbed on broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
975,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of plant used as a wash for any kind of sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
976,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Decoction of whole plant taken for any sickness.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
977,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,42,Pediatric Aid,Infusion of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
978,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of plant used as a wash for insect or snake bites.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
979,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,114,Snake Bite Remedy,Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for snakebites.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
980,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,33,steed28,460,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic 'for slight indisposition.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
981,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,55,p52,40,2,Drug,69,Tonic,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
982,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,71,Toothache Remedy,Mashed root placed over a tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
983,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,,,Roots and stems considered 'a good medicine.',"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
984,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,80,Urinary Aid,Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for bladder trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
985,38,Achillea millefolium L.,259,Thompson,10,tta90,166,2,Drug,46,Venereal Aid,Root used for venereal disease.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
986,38,Achillea millefolium L.,272,Ute,142,c09,32,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of plant applied externally to bruises.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"
987,38,Achillea millefolium L.,272,Ute,142,c09,32,2,Drug,20,Panacea,Infusion of plant taken for cases of sickness.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"
988,38,Achillea millefolium L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Infusion of herb used as a wash for swellings.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
989,38,Achillea millefolium L.,280,Winnebago,17,g19,134,2,Drug,156,Ear Medicine,Wad of leaves or infusion put into ear for earache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
990,38,Achillea millefolium L.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,47,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for cold in the chest.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47"
991,38,Achillea millefolium L.,287,Yuki,69,c57ii,47,2,Drug,62,Respiratory Aid,Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for cold in the chest.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47"
992,39,Achillea millefolium var. arenicola (Heller) Nobs,202,"Pomo, Kashaya",40,gl80,120,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Mashed leaf juice used as a salve on sores.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 120"
993,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,6,Analgesic,"Infusion of leaves taken for pains in stomach, throat, chest and muscles.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
994,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,21,Cold Remedy,"Infusion of leaves taken for colds, stomach pains and throat pains.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
995,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,14,Gastrointestinal Aid,Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains and throat pains.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
996,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,65,Hemostat,Leaves used as a coagulant for cuts and stuffed into nostrils for nosebleeds.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
997,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,123,Throat Aid,"Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains, throat pains and colds.","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
998,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,5,Aleut,130,bt53,426,2,Drug,49,Tuberculosis Remedy,Infusion of leaves taken for consumption in post-Russian era.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 426"
999,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,25,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
1000,40,Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw.,50,Costanoan,16,b84,25,2,Drug,8,Dermatological Aid,Poultice of heated leaves applied to wounds to prevent swelling.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"