id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
28,2,1,84,164,2,8,Gum used for 'slight' itches.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164"
29,2,1,84,164,2,8,Gum used to make various ointments.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164"
34,2,7,67,124,2,8,"Poultice of gum applied to open sores, insect bites, boils and infections.","Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
47,2,38,4,350,2,8,Gum of plant with bear grease used as an ointment for the hair.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350"
53,2,58,47,21,2,8,Pitch and grease used as an ointment for scabies and boils.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
54,2,58,47,21,2,8,Poultice of pitch applied to cuts.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21"
65,2,100,7,269,2,8,"Compound decoction applied to cuts, bruises, sprains or sores.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
81,2,138,176,132,2,8,Gum from plant blisters applied to sores.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 132"
87,2,141,35,53,2,8,"Gum used for bruises, sores and wounds.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
99,2,173,20,378,2,8,Balsam gum used for sores and compound containing leaves used as a wash.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378"
105,2,174,56,198,2,8,Bark gum applied to cuts and sores.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
109,2,192,103,309,2,8,"Sap used as a salve for burns, sores and cuts.","Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
112,2,206,43,"68, 69",2,8,Balsam gum used as a salve for sores.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 68, 69"
121,3,183,12,30,2,8,Poultice of fresh pitch applied to cuts.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
125,3,232,12,30,2,8,Simple or compound poultice of warm pitch applied to sores or boils.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
127,3,257,61,38,2,8,Resinous sap from main stem and larger branches used for cuts.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38"
130,4,32,1,34,2,8,Used for wounds and ulcers.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
150,5,78,9,50,2,8,Poultice of compound containing bark applied to boils or ulcers.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50"
153,5,92,41,41,2,8,Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the hair and scalp because it smelled nice.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
154,5,92,41,41,2,8,Blister pitch mixed with oil rubbed on the scalp to prevent the hair from falling out.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41"
160,5,121,63,268,2,8,Pitch and grease eaten or rubbed on sores and boils.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
172,5,175,32,23,2,8,"Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
173,5,175,32,23,2,8,"Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
185,5,215,23,69,2,8,Pitch made into a salve and used for cuts and bruises.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
186,5,215,23,69,2,8,Pitch mixed with venison suet and used for psoriasis and other skin diseases.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
187,5,217,23,69,2,8,Infusion of pounded root bark used for falling hair and dandruff.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69"
188,5,233,92,50,2,8,Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
218,6,23,146,17,2,8,Gummy secretions used on wounds as an antiseptic.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
219,6,23,26,123,2,8,Infusion of needles mixed with grease and applied as a hair tonic.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
220,6,23,146,17,2,8,Leaves mixed with grease and used as hairdressing.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17"
221,6,23,26,123,2,8,Needles packed into moccasins as a foot deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
222,6,23,26,107,2,8,Needles used as a deodorant.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107"
257,6,76,30,2,2,8,"Needles dried, pounded, mixed with deer grease and used as a hair tonic.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
258,6,76,30,2,2,8,Needles pounded and used alone or mixed with grease or marrow for skin diseases.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
259,6,76,30,2,2,8,Needles pulverized into baby powder and used for rashes from excessive urination.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
260,6,76,30,2,2,8,"Needles, lovage roots, buckbrush leaves and pinedrops boiled and used to make hair grow longer.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
272,6,120,30,2,2,8,Gummy bark secretions used for cuts and bruises.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
275,6,151,30,2,2,8,Gummy bark secretions used as an antiseptic for wounds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
276,6,151,73,5,2,8,Gummy secretion from the bark used as an antiseptic for wounds and ulcers.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
277,6,151,73,5,2,8,Plant applied to corns for easy removal.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
283,6,175,32,23,2,8,"Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
284,6,175,32,23,2,8,"Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
302,6,259,10,97,2,8,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
303,6,259,10,97,2,8,"Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores. The pitch was smeared over injuries and covered with a bandage.  In earlier times, animal fat was probably used in place of Vaseline","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
323,7,183,98,45,2,8,Dried branches stored for use as a deodorant.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45"
324,8,27,134,71,2,8,Poultice of chewed nodules applied to wounds.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 71"
331,8,28,9,51,2,8,"Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
335,8,78,9,51,2,8,"Gum or mashed cones applied to cuts and sores, especially gonorrheal sores.","Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
342,8,236,9,51,2,8,Gum applied to wounds.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51"
353,10,157,141,158,2,8,Plant used for boils.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 158"
356,10,158,106,21,2,8,Plant used for insect bites.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21"
361,10,159,18,26,2,8,Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth and to bathe perspiring feet.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
368,12,232,12,30,2,8,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30"
495,26,121,63,275,2,8,"Sticky, bud gum and oil used as a hair tonic.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 275"
598,31,192,103,310,2,8,Poultice of steeped bark applied to swollen limbs.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310"
608,32,32,1,44,2,8,Infusion taken for hives.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
628,32,228,88,269,2,8,"Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
634,33,116,115,39,2,8,Infusion of bark taken and used as a wash for gun wounds.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39"
637,34,32,1,44,2,8,Infusion taken for hives.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
645,34,38,15,136,2,8,"Bark boiled and used as a wash for old, stubborn, running sores.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136"
679,35,100,7,378,2,8,Compound decoction of leaves used as a wash on parts affected by 'Italian itch.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
713,37,8,113,118,2,8,Poultice of boiled root chips applied to wounds and abscesses.,"Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118"
738,38,21,53,201,2,8,"Leaves pounded, heated and used for boils.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201"
744,38,23,26,74,2,8,Infusion of plant applied to sores.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74"
754,38,29,9,65,2,8,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
758,38,32,1,62,2,8,Astringent leaves used for hemorrhages and bowel complaints.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
779,38,38,4,350,2,8,Decoction of root applied to skin 'eruptions.',"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350"
786,38,53,25,49,2,8,Infusion of leaves used as a hair wash.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
796,38,60,30,6,2,8,Poultice of plant used for boils and open sores.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
803,38,76,30,6,2,8,Leaves crushed and used for wounds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
810,38,79,38,360,2,8,Poultice of plant applied to bruises.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360"
843,38,105,71,390,2,8,Poultice of soaked stalks and leaves applied to wounds.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 390"
845,38,114,25,49,2,8,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
848,38,120,30,6,2,8,Decoction used for washing sores and other skin problems.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
849,38,120,30,6,2,8,Leaves crushed and used for wounds.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6"
854,38,121,63,266,2,8,Poultice of chewed leaves applied or compound rubbed on sores and swellings.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
858,38,125,156,46,2,8,Poultice of dried and chewed plants applied to wounds and sores.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
873,38,134,93,244,2,8,Used as a liniment for bruises.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244"
876,38,137,89,391,2,8,Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for bruises.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
881,38,138,176,132,2,8,"Poultice of dried, powdered leaves applied to swellings and sores.","Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 132"
882,38,138,51,"28, 29",2,8,Poultice of leaves used on children's rash and fresh tops used to rub on eczema.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28, 29"
887,38,141,155,25,2,8,"Dried, powdered bark or green leaves rubbed over bruises.","Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
913,38,175,32,74,2,8,Leaves and stems mixed with white clematis and witch's broom branches to make a shampoo.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
918,38,176,55,40,2,8,"Decoction used as wash for chapped hands, pimples, rashes and insect bites.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
924,38,183,65,317,2,8,Decoction of leaves and stems used as a liniment for skin sores.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
925,38,183,153,196,2,8,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
932,38,185,50,128,2,8,Poultice of pulverized roots applied to cuts and sores.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
952,38,233,92,56,2,8,Infusion of leaves taken for poison ivy.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56"
955,38,251,25,49,2,8,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
967,38,259,55,40,2,8,"Decoction of plant used as a wash for chapped hands, pimples, rashes and insect bites.","Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
968,38,259,33,460,2,8,Infusion of plant used as wash or powdered stem and leaf applied for skin problems.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
969,38,259,10,166,2,8,Leaves and roots rubbed on sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
970,38,259,10,166,2,8,Poultice of mashed basal leaves used for cuts.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
986,38,272,142,32,2,8,Poultice of plant applied externally to bruises.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"
988,38,280,17,134,2,8,Infusion of herb used as a wash for swellings.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 134"
992,39,202,40,120,2,8,Mashed leaf juice used as a salve on sores.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 120"
999,40,50,16,25,2,8,Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
1000,40,50,16,25,2,8,Poultice of heated leaves applied to wounds to prevent swelling.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
1005,40,121,148,381,2,8,Poultice of chewed or soaked and heated plant applied to swellings and sores.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 381"
1016,42,80,139,50,2,8,"Poultice of crushed, fresh plant applied to sores.","Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50"
1020,42,139,21,210,2,8,Decoction of stem and leaves used as a wash for 'place on the body that is ailing.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 210"