id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
573,29,238,73,16,1,75,Sap boiled down in the spring and made into sugar.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16"
1121,46,89,2,67,1,75,Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67"
1123,46,95,126,158,1,75,Ground seeds used to make meal.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158"
1124,46,95,126,158,1,75,Ground seeds used to make meal.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158"
1125,46,95,126,158,1,75,Ground seeds used to make meal.,"Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158"
1133,46,106,60,46,1,75,Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46"
1140,46,157,141,154,1,75,Ground seeds used for food.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154"
1146,46,183,111,32,1,75,Ground seeds used for flour.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 32"
1147,46,183,65,244,1,75,Roasted and ground into flour.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244"
1151,46,185,50,46,1,75,Seeds used as a staple food.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46"
1153,46,291,6,67,1,75,"Ground seeds used as a staple before the availability of corn. After the introduction of corn, the ground seeds were mixed with corn meal and made into steamed balls or pats.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67"
1624,73,282,181,251,1,75,Nuts ground into a fine meal and eaten.,"Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 251"
1697,86,10,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1698,86,48,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1701,86,147,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1708,86,183,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1709,86,188,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1711,86,272,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1712,86,288,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1727,89,10,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1731,89,48,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1732,89,147,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1733,89,183,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1736,89,188,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1750,89,272,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1751,89,288,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1781,91,195,136,7,1,75,Hearts pit roasted and used as a staple food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
1801,94,10,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1833,94,48,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1834,94,147,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1835,94,183,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1836,94,188,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1838,94,272,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1839,94,288,19,10,1,75,Used as one of the most important foods.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10"
1849,96,97,127,55,1,75,Plant considered a main staple.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 55"
2015,130,136,125,187,1,75,"Seeds harvested, winnowed, parched, ground and the meal eaten.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"
2016,130,147,125,187,1,75,"Seeds harvested, winnowed, parched, ground and the meal eaten.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"
2020,130,288,125,187,1,75,"Seeds harvested, winnowed, parched, ground and the meal eaten.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187"
2121,141,76,30,10,1,75,Bulbs used as a staple food.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"
2133,141,120,30,10,1,75,Bulbs used as a staple food.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10"
2153,141,176,144,238,1,75,Roots used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"
2701,184,159,18,25,1,75,Threshed seeds ground into flour.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
2706,186,2,19,22,1,75,Seeds ground into meal.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22"
2717,186,124,19,22,1,75,Seeds ground into meal.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22"
2723,186,157,74,45,1,75,Seeds ground into a meal and used for food.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 45"
2744,188,159,18,25,1,75,Threshed seeds ground into flour.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
2776,191,157,74,46,1,75,Seeds ground into a meal and used for food.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46"
2779,191,188,19,23,1,75,Seeds ground and used as food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23"
2789,191,288,125,189,1,75,Seeds parched and ground into meal.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 189"
2813,193,137,89,346,1,75,"Small, shiny black seeds used to make pinole.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 346"
2832,194,157,19,23,1,75,Seeds ground into meal and used as food.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23"
2887,202,188,27,17,1,75,Roots used as a staple crop.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17"
2921,204,23,26,100,1,75,Berries used as a staple food.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
3016,204,176,144,238,1,75,Berries used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"
3144,214,176,144,238,1,75,Berries used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"
4357,335,24,31,40,1,75,Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4375,336,24,31,40,1,75,Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4410,337,170,89,375,1,75,Fruits eaten like pinole.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4418,337,287,69,85,1,75,Ripe berries parched and used in pinole.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85"
4465,343,24,31,40,1,75,Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4635,347,176,144,239,1,75,Berries used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"
4770,362,176,144,238,1,75,Roots used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"
5729,407,183,65,243,1,75,"Seeds roasted, ground into flour and eaten with water.","Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243"
5862,412,24,31,135,1,75,Seeds ground into a meal.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 135"
6173,441,24,31,43,1,75,Seeds ground into flour.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43"
6462,466,23,26,101,1,75,Root considered a staple.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
6732,517,193,104,73,1,75,"Seeds dried, parched, ground and eaten as pinole.","Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 73"
6735,518,103,180,24,1,75,Pulverized seeds made into a meal.,"Gifford, E. W., 1931, The Kamia of Imperial Valley, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, page 24"
6760,528,128,24,234,1,75,Seeds ground into a flour and used for food.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 234"
6761,528,137,89,311,1,75,"Seeds parched, ground and the flour eaten dry.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 311"
6762,528,200,96,87,1,75,Seeds used to make pinoles.,"Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87"
6771,530,202,40,85,1,75,"Grain used in pinole, a very fine dry meal.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 85"
6772,530,287,69,85,1,75,Used to make pinole.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85"
6891,549,151,73,8,1,75,Roasted seeds ground into a flour.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
6904,549,176,144,238,1,75,Roots used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"
6905,549,176,144,239,1,75,Seeds used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239"
6942,549,259,33,491,1,75,Seeds pounded and flour mixed with other foods.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491"
7385,593,160,81,377,1,75,"Seeds parched, ground into flour and used for food.","Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"
7581,634,160,81,377,1,75,"Seeds parched, ground into flour and used for food.","Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377"
7591,639,137,89,312,1,75,Seeds formerly used for pinole.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 312"
7646,661,50,16,251,1,75,"Seeds, in great quantities, used for pinole.","Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251"
7651,661,170,89,346,1,75,"Tiny, jet-black seeds eaten as pinole.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 346"
7736,676,176,144,238,1,75,Roots used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"
7869,700,151,30,14,1,75,Bulbs formerly fire baked and used as a sweet and nutritious staple.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14"
7903,701,176,144,238,1,75,Roots used as a principle food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238"
7966,723,137,89,352,1,75,Seeds eaten as a pinole.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352"
7982,724,195,136,7,1,75,Fruits used as a staple food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
8170,757,188,19,19,1,75,Seeds ground into flour.,"Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I.  Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19"
8171,757,188,27,20,1,75,Seeds made into flour and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
8172,757,188,27,45,1,75,Used as a staple food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45"
8208,757,193,104,71,1,75,"Seeds ground, put into water and eaten as pinole.","Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71"
8220,757,195,136,7,1,75,Fruits used as a staple food.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
8257,761,58,47,34,1,75,Seeds ground into flour.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 34"
8294,763,100,112,123,1,75,Nut meats crushed and added to hominy.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8349,767,100,112,123,1,75,Nut meats crushed and added to hominy.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8435,774,100,112,123,1,75,Nut meats crushed and added to hominy.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123"
8654,813,49,89,368,1,75,Seeds eaten as a pinole.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 368"
9405,894,151,73,9,1,75,Seeds ground into flour and made into bread.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
9409,894,157,141,149,1,75,Seeds ground and eaten as a nutrient.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 149"
9420,894,183,153,98,1,75,"Seeds parched, ground and eaten as meal.","Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 98"
9465,897,24,31,52,1,75,Parched seeds ground into flour.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52"