id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
190,5,233,92,50,2,71,Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50"
792,38,58,47,23,2,71,Decoction of roots taken or roots chewed for toothaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
794,38,59,128,663,2,71,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663"
862,38,131,5,24,2,71,Rolled leaves inserted into cavity of painful tooth.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 24"
916,38,175,32,74,2,71,Roots mashed and applied to the tooth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
928,38,183,153,197,2,71,Leaves chewed for toothache.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197"
949,38,215,23,80,2,71,Poultice of leaves held in the mouth for toothaches.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80"
982,38,259,10,166,2,71,Mashed root placed over a tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
1002,40,50,16,25,2,71,Heated leaves held in the mouth for toothaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
1008,42,27,134,85,2,71,Crushed roots placed in the tooth for toothaches.,"Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 85"
1014,42,58,47,22,2,71,Decoction of roots and other herbs taken for teething related sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 22"
1015,42,58,47,22,2,71,"Flowers & wild mint flowers wrapped in a cloth, dipped in water & used to remove teething gum pus.","Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 22"
1058,42,183,12,31-33,2,71,Green leaves or roots used in various ways for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1059,42,183,98,118,2,71,"Poultice of fresh, mashed roots packed around an infected tooth for the pain.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118"
1088,42,232,12,31-33,2,71,Green leaves or roots used in various ways for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1094,43,58,47,23,2,71,Decoction of roots and other herbs taken for teething related sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
1098,44,58,47,23,2,71,Poultice of chewed roots applied to toothaches.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
1182,55,23,146,23,2,71,Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to toothaches.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23"
1225,55,38,4,342,2,71,"Decoction of root taken or root chewed, especially by children, for toothache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
1262,55,58,47,24,2,71,Decoction of rootstocks used for sickness related to teething.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1263,55,58,47,24,2,71,Poultice of chewed rootstock applied to aching teeth.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1274,55,61,17,"69, 70",2,71,Rootstock chewed for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1299,55,100,7,278,2,71,Root packed into hole of aching tooth to break up the tooth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 278"
1300,55,100,7,278,2,71,Roots smoked and the smoke sucked into hollow tooth for toothache.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 278"
1307,55,125,156,48,2,71,Roots chewed for toothache.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
1360,55,177,17,"69, 70",2,71,Rootstock chewed for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1370,55,190,17,"69, 70",2,71,Rootstock chewed for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1378,55,205,17,"69, 70",2,71,Rootstock chewed for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1398,55,280,17,"69, 70",2,71,Rootstock chewed for toothache.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70"
1410,59,32,1,55,2,71,'Will kill teeth of young people if not careful with it.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
1526,67,65,122,217,2,71,Infusion of plant used as a mouthwash for toothaches.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 217"
1603,73,50,16,23,2,71,Decoction of bark used for toothaches and loose teeth.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
1610,73,137,89,366,2,71,Bark placed in cavity of tooth for toothaches.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1886,99,35,138,288,2,71,Roots chewed and held in mouth for toothache.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
1889,99,39,138,288,2,71,Roots chewed and held in mouth for toothache.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
2388,169,7,67,153,2,71,Root bark mixed with molasses and used for toothaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 153"
2450,170,175,32,87,2,71,Burnt ashes used to clean the teeth.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
2587,172,259,10,188,2,71,Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2615,173,32,1,22,2,71,Compound infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
2659,176,175,32,87,2,71,Burnt ashes used to clean the teeth.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
2669,176,259,10,188,2,71,Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188"
2840,196,291,6,"51, 52",2,71,Ground root placed in tooth for toothache.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 51, 52"
2944,204,58,47,28,2,71,Decoction of roots taken for teething sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28"
3617,278,100,7,464,2,71,Decoction of plant used as a mouth wash for toothaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 464"
3660,282,100,7,471,2,71,Root chewed for toothaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471"
3978,310,259,10,193,2,71,Leaves chewed as a strong medicine for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 193"
4028,318,58,47,29,2,71,Decoction of roots and other plants taken for teething sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4175,321,32,1,"31, 32",2,71,Used for rheumatism and 'ache of decaying teeth.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31, 32"
4754,361,232,12,"38, 39",2,71,Warmed root used various ways for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 38, 39"
4890,374,32,1,55,2,71,Poultice of bruised root applied to tooth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
4925,377,149,97,"75, 132",2,71,Poultice of leaf bound to the face for toothaches.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132"
4926,377,149,110,266,2,71,"Poultice of leaves, with midrib removed, bound to cheeks for toothache.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
4984,387,50,16,25,2,71,Poultice of leaves applied to the tooth for pain.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
5283,397,159,18,48,2,71,Hot poultice of leaves applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
5785,407,232,12,44-47,2,71,Poultice of mashed leaves applied to cheek for toothache.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
6053,422,202,40,50,2,71,"Poultice of fresh, warmed leaves used for toothaches.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 50"
6135,434,100,7,418,2,71,Dried stems made into cord and used for tooth extraction.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 418"
6147,435,158,106,36,2,71,Poultice of heated roots applied for toothaches.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 36"
6453,464,159,18,32,2,71,Poultice of chewed leaves applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32"
6565,496,232,12,50,2,71,Decoction of root used as a wash for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50"
6641,503,159,18,24,2,71,"Poultice of warm, pulverized root applied for toothache.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24"
6870,549,33,13,38,2,71,Root chewed for toothaches.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38"
6977,553,32,1,40,2,71,Hot infusion of root or beaten root held against tooth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
6990,556,32,1,40,2,71,Hot infusion of root or beaten root held against tooth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40"
7176,580,58,47,32,2,71,Decoction of stems or branches taken for teething sickness.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7500,618,149,97,"71, 128",2,71,Poultice of fresh leaves applied to toothaches.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128"
7501,618,149,110,264,2,71,Poultice of leaves bound to the skin for toothache.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 264"
7502,618,149,62,120,2,71,Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
7510,618,231,62,120,2,71,Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache.,"Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120"
8560,806,32,1,30,2,71,Root ooze held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
8588,807,32,1,46,2,71,Infusion of root held on aching tooth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
8758,820,100,7,376,2,71,Decoction of roots used as a wash on lips and gums of teething child.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 376"
8816,829,144,100,168,2,71,Decoction of stems and leaves taken for toothaches.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168"
8831,832,39,118,24,2,71,Bark chewed for toothache.,"Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24"
8832,832,39,115,58,2,71,Bark chewed for toothaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
9043,854,159,18,48,2,71,Leaves chewed for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48"
9171,866,159,18,35,2,71,Hot poultice of plant applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
9186,871,32,1,45,2,71,Root used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45"
9244,880,159,18,35,2,71,Hot poultice of plant applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35"
9446,895,144,100,168,2,71,Plant used for toothache or an ulcerated tooth.,"Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168"
9788,934,101,76,25,2,71,"Small bit of stem used in cavities for toothache. It was believed that if the cavity was not sealed in some manner after the stem was inserted, the tooth would break.","Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25"
9816,935,232,12,"57, 58",2,71,Finely mashed leaves inserted in tooth cavities for toothaches.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 57, 58"
10265,1019,259,10,247,2,71,Poultice of cut stem pieces applied to the tooth for toothache.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 247"
10365,1029,50,16,17,2,71,Poultice of warm leaves applied to jaw or plant held in mouth for toothaches.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 17"
10438,1042,32,1,41,2,71,Seeds strung around baby's neck for teething.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
10638,1072,7,67,167,2,71,Infusion of rhizomes taken for toothaches.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 167"
10666,1072,138,51,48,2,71,Roots used in astringent mouthwash for teething babies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 48"
11202,1110,100,7,297,2,71,Compound decoction of roots given when 'baby's teeth are coming in.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 297"
11247,1111,100,7,298,2,71,Decoction of bark given to children for teething.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 298"
11248,1111,100,59,38,2,71,Infusion of stems and other plant stems made into a necklace used by children for teething pain.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 38"
11545,1152,159,18,40,2,71,Poultice of leaves applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40"
11948,1209,38,4,342,2,71,"Dried, powdered root moistened and applied to decayed teeth for toothache.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
11971,1216,157,74,57,2,71,Plant used as toothache medicine.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 57"
12105,1242,157,74,73,2,71,Plant used as pain killer for toothaches.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73"
12139,1244,24,31,60,2,71,Powdered leaves made into an ointment and applied for toothache pain.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60"
12354,1271,159,18,28,2,71,Poultice of plant applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
12392,1274,159,18,28,2,71,Poultice of plant applied for toothache.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28"
12447,1287,241,25,31,2,71,Raw roots chewed for toothaches.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31"
12541,1303,158,106,24,2,71,Plant chewed by children to strengthen teeth.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 24"
12567,1310,32,1,49,2,71,Compound infusion used for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
12714,1341,32,1,34,2,71,Warm infusion held in mouth for toothache.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"