id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
5,1,86,166,152,2,69,Bark and other plants used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
157,5,105,71,379,2,69,Infusion of needles taken as a tonic.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379"
164,5,121,63,268,2,69,Infusion of bark taken as a tonic to stay young and strong.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
268,6,78,166,152,2,69,Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
318,6,278,166,152,2,69,Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
344,8,259,33,462,2,69,Decoction of shoots and bark taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462"
524,26,259,10,147,2,69,Raw sap used as a tonic in the olden days.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147"
600,31,192,103,311,2,69,Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
921,38,176,55,40,2,69,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
945,38,210,25,49,2,69,Decoction of roots taken as a general tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
980,38,259,33,460,2,69,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic 'for slight indisposition.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
981,38,259,55,40,2,69,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
1026,42,157,74,79,2,69,Plant used in a tonic.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 79"
1336,55,149,110,266,2,69,Complex compound infusion including sweetflag root taken as spring tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
1359,55,177,154,334,2,69,Rootstock chewed as a tonic.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 334"
1385,55,211,102,29,2,69,Chewed plant juice taken by older people as a tonic.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 29"
1397,55,280,203,265,2,69,Complex compound injected via bird wing bone for general health.,"Radin, Paul, 1923, The Winnebago Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #37, page 265"
1432,60,32,1,30,2,69,Used as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
1434,60,62,97,39,2,69,Combined with elecampane and stone roots to make a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 39"
1435,60,62,97,33,2,69,Used with elecampane and stone root to make a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33"
1436,60,63,22,"32, 74",2,69,Compound containing root used as a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 32, 74"
1876,98,32,1,56,2,69,Root used as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
1888,99,39,138,288,2,69,Used as a 'warming stimulant and tonic.',"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288"
1980,126,32,1,57,2,69,Tonic used for child bed fever and to strengthen womb.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
1985,126,141,35,54,2,69,Root used as a tonic.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"
2292,163,100,7,281,2,69,Decoction of plant taken as a spring tonic and 'cleans you out.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 281"
2501,172,86,166,152,2,69,Bark used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
2571,172,215,23,79,2,69,Sap used as a tonic.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79"
2676,177,78,166,152,2,69,Bark and other plants used as a tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152"
3005,204,175,32,120,2,69,Decoction of branches taken as a general tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
3037,204,259,33,471,2,69,Decoction of fresh bark taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
3092,208,32,1,54,2,69,Compound infusion taken as a spring tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
3151,215,206,43,76,2,69,Root bark used to make a tonic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 76"
3258,236,63,22,74,2,69,Compound containing root used as a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 74"
3412,255,232,12,"33, 34",2,69,Decoction of roots taken as a tonic for general debility following colds.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 33, 34"
3466,260,232,12,"34, 35",2,69,Decoction of roots taken in small doses as a tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 34, 35"
3522,265,5,130,427,2,69,Leaves used to make a tonic for colds.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
3644,282,32,1,32,2,69,Used as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 32"
3754,296,151,73,6,2,69,"Root, poisonous in large doses, used as a tonic.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
4002,317,206,43,40,2,69,Root used as a tonic.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 40"
4029,318,63,22,74,2,69,Compound containing root used as a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 74"
4055,318,149,110,266,2,69,Complex compound infusion including sarsaparilla root taken as spring tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
4056,318,149,97,"70, 128",2,69,Compound decoction of root taken as a spring tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
4058,318,150,103,315,2,69,Wine made from berries taken as a tonic.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
4062,318,151,73,7,2,69,Root used as a tonic.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
4071,318,176,55,42,2,69,Plant used as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
4080,318,259,33,471,2,69,Decoction of root taken as a tonic.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
4081,318,259,55,42,2,69,Plant used as a tonic.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42"
4095,319,32,1,57,2,69,Infusion of roots and berries taken as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
4125,319,100,7,392,2,69,Compound decoction of roots taken by women as a tonic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 392"
4161,319,192,103,311,2,69,Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
4174,321,32,1,"31, 32",2,69,Used as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31, 32"
4302,328,173,20,363,2,69,Root supposed to have tonic effect.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
4306,328,206,43,49,2,69,Infusion of root taken as a general tonic and blood purifier.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 49"
4631,347,176,55,40,2,69,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4672,347,259,55,40,2,69,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
4673,347,259,33,458,2,69,Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys and bladder.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458"
4889,374,32,1,55,2,69,Used as a tonic for typhus fevers.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55"
4895,374,62,97,39,2,69,Used singly or combined with wintergreen to make a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 39"
4896,374,63,22,"32, 74",2,69,Root used alone or with wintergreen as a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 32, 74"
4919,377,32,1,39,2,69,Used as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
5031,392,151,73,7,2,69,Decoction of leaves used as a general tonic.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
5144,395,175,32,76,2,69,Infusion of roots and yarrow roots taken as a general tonic.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76"
5163,395,183,12,"39, 40",2,69,Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic after childbirth.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39, 40"
5258,397,38,4,364,2,69,Compound infusion or decoction of root taken as a tonic.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
5468,401,183,12,40-42,2,69,Decoction of root or entire plant taken as a tonic after childbirth.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5579,406,67,152,38,2,69,Infusion of plant taken daily as a tonic.,"Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38"
5724,407,183,12,44-47,2,69,"Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic, especially after childbirth.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5784,407,232,12,44-47,2,69,"Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic, especially after childbirth.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5815,407,276,12,44-47,2,69,Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5861,411,5,130,427,2,69,"Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic, especially good 'for dying persons.'","Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427"
5907,416,209,25,33,2,69,Infusion of pounded roots taken as a general tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33"
6007,421,100,7,311,2,69,Compound infusion taken for fevers and as a general tonic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 311"
6008,421,100,7,309,2,69,Infusion of root taken as a spring tonic by the old and works as a physic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 309"
6033,421,141,35,55,2,69,Root used for cramps and as a stomachic.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
6055,422,241,25,28,2,69,Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28"
6062,422,259,33,460,2,69,Decoction of rhizomes taken as a tonic for the stomach.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 460"
6253,442,259,33,470,2,69,Decoction of root taken for 'general out-of-sorts feeling and emaciation.',"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
6350,447,138,176,132,2,69,Decoction of pounded root taken as a tonic.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 132"
6489,472,38,4,364,2,69,Compound decoction of root taken as a tonic.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364"
7011,556,192,103,311,2,69,Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311"
7108,576,149,110,266,2,69,Complex compound infusion including black birch bark taken as spring tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266"
7109,576,149,97,"70, 128",2,69,Inner bark used to make a tonic.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70, 128"
7217,580,138,176,131,2,69,Decoction of branch tips used as a tonic.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131"
7474,617,32,1,46,2,69,Taken as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7488,618,32,1,46,2,69,Taken as a tonic.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7658,662,78,165,26,2,69,Plant used in a spiritual spring tonic.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 26"
8040,730,134,93,252,2,69,Infusion of roots used as a tonic.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 252"
8043,730,141,35,56,2,69,Root used as a tonic.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
8240,758,64,22,68,2,69,Compound infusion of root or bark taken for 'general debility.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 68"
8283,762,64,22,82,2,69,Compound infusion of bark taken as a tonic for general debility.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 82"
8335,767,64,22,68,2,69,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'general debility.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 68"
8548,800,232,12,53,2,69,Decoction of plant taken as a tonic.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 53"
8573,806,100,7,333,2,69,Roots used as a tonic.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 333"
8830,832,39,138,287,2,69,Root bark and bark used as a tonic.,"Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287"
9019,848,259,33,473,2,69,Mild decoction taken as a tonic for the stomach and lassitude.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 473"
9158,865,232,12,"73, 74",2,69,Decoction of plant taken as a tonic for general debility.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 73, 74"
9224,877,232,12,74,2,69,"Infusion of plant taken as a tonic 'for any general, indisposed feeling.'","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 74"
9437,895,59,128,657,2,69,Plant used as 'a sort of spring tonic.',"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
9438,895,59,115,22,2,69,Plant used as a spring tonic.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
9452,895,211,102,30,2,69,Stewed seeds taken as a tonic.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30"