id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
84,2,141,35,53,2,68,"Buds, cones and inner bark used for diarrhea.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
430,22,259,10,145,2,68,"Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for dysentery. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
577,30,174,56,199,2,68,Decoction of inner bark used for diarrhea.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199"
607,32,32,1,44,2,68,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
636,34,32,1,44,2,68,Infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
659,34,174,56,198,2,68,Decoction of inner bark used for diarrhea.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198"
756,38,31,25,49,2,68,Decoction of leaves taken for the passage of blood with diarrhea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
822,38,100,7,470,2,68,"Compound decoction of plants, bark and roots taken for diarrhea.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 470"
823,38,100,59,64,2,68,Infusion of plant and seeds from another plant used for diarrhea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64"
824,38,100,7,471,2,68,Infusion of smashed plants taken for diarrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471"
909,38,175,32,74,2,68,Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74"
953,38,241,25,49,2,68,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
954,38,245,25,49,2,68,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
958,38,259,10,166,2,68,Infusion of leaves given to children for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
959,38,259,10,166,2,68,Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
960,38,259,10,166,2,68,Leaves chewed or infusion of leaves taken for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
1073,42,232,12,31-33,2,68,Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1187,55,32,1,28,2,68,Root chewed and juice swallowed for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28"
1588,71,138,176,131,2,68,Compound decoction of root used for dysentery.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131"
1660,80,139,21,246247,2,68,Infusion used for diarrhea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 246247"
1871,98,32,1,56,2,68,"Taken for diarrhea, gravel and urinary diseases.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56"
1916,109,32,1,22,2,68,Infusion of burs taken to 'check bowels.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
1924,109,100,7,357,2,68,"Infusion or decoction used by children for diarrhea, summer complaint or vomiting.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357"
1933,110,32,1,22,2,68,Infusion of burs taken to 'check bowels.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
1969,126,30,115,7,2,68,Infusion of leaves taken for bloody dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 7"
1970,126,30,75,188,2,68,Infusion of leaves taken for dysentery.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
2372,168,206,43,43,2,68,Infusion of bark taken for flux.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 43"
2464,171,137,89,332,2,68,Decoction of dried bark taken for diarrhea.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332"
2518,172,114,25,27,2,68,Catkins chewed for diarrhea.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2565,172,209,25,27,2,68,Raw cones eaten for dysentery.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2850,198,61,91,369,2,68,Infusion of leaves and plant tops taken for bloody flux.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 369"
2856,198,100,7,468,2,68,Compound decoction of plants taken for diarrhea with bleeding.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 468"
2869,201,33,13,39,2,68,Infusion of leaves and stem taken for bloody stools.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 39"
2895,203,100,7,468,2,68,Compound decoction of plants taken for diarrhea with bleeding.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 468"
3091,208,32,1,54,2,68,Compound infusion taken for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
3103,210,38,4,344,2,68,Compound decoction of root taken for dysentery.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
3204,227,32,1,38,2,68,Infusion of root taken for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
3259,236,100,7,465,2,68,Roots and stalks used for diarrhea and dysentery.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 465"
3285,239,228,88,227,2,68,"Infusion of plant taken for wolf sickness: vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and frequent urination.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 227"
3313,243,32,1,27,2,68,Infusion taken to 'check bowels.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
3354,254,100,7,328,2,68,Cold decoction of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 328"
3570,267,257,61,71,2,68,Root chewed or decoction taken for diarrhea.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 71"
3593,269,282,181,253,2,68,Decoction of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 253"
3645,282,100,7,471,2,68,"Compound decoction of plants, bark and roots taken for diarrhea.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471"
3795,297,100,7,415,2,68,Infusion of roots used as a wash for children with diarrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 415"
3897,300,139,21,238239,2,68,Decoction of root and leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239"
3934,303,232,12,37,2,68,Decoction of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 37"
3984,314,175,32,91,2,68,Roots chewed and juice swallowed for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91"
4112,319,100,7,391,2,68,Infusion of smashed roots taken for diarrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 391"
4345,334,200,80,14,2,68,Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14"
4346,334,202,40,69,2,68,Decoction of bark used for diarrhea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 69"
4349,335,24,31,40,2,68,Infusion of leaves used for diarrhea.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4365,335,202,40,68,2,68,Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea and bleeding diarrhea.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 68"
4368,336,24,31,40,2,68,Infusion of leaves used for diarrhea.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4414,337,203,89,375,2,68,Leaves used for diarrhea.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4419,338,105,70,18,2,68,Leaves used for diarrhea.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4457,343,24,31,40,2,68,Infusion of leaves used for diarrhea.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4561,347,58,47,29,2,68,Fruit mixed with grease and used for children with diarrhea.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4759,362,23,42,275,2,68,Root used for diarrhea.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275"
4764,362,100,59,49,2,68,Infusion of plant and another plant given to children for diarrhea.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 49"
4814,367,100,7,276,2,68,Decoction of plant given to children for diarrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
5012,389,176,55,41,2,68,Decoction of whole plant used for diarrhea.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5014,389,259,33,470,2,68,Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 470"
5015,389,259,55,41,2,68,Decoction of whole plant used for diarrhea.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5095,394,287,69,45,2,68,Decoction of leaves taken for dysentery.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 45"
5110,395,38,4,344,2,68,Infusion of dried leaves and tops taken for chronic dysentery.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
5119,395,50,16,26,2,68,Decoction of roots used for dysentery.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26"
5316,398,137,89,392,2,68,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 392"
5380,399,125,156,46,2,68,Infusion used for diarrhea.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 46"
5452,401,183,12,40-42,2,68,Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5479,401,232,12,40-42,2,68,Decoction of plant tops taken for diarrhea.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5649,407,115,66,105,2,68,Decoction of herbage used internally for diarrhea.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
5650,407,115,173,131,2,68,Decoction of herbs taken for diarrhea.,"Spier, Leslie, 1930, Klamath Ethnography, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 30:1-338, page 131"
5659,407,151,73,7,2,68,Decoction of herb taken for diarrhea.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
5737,407,185,50,128,2,68,Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
5882,416,21,53,208,2,68,Infusion of roots used for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
5955,421,32,1,"35, 36",2,68,Infusion taken for 'flux.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35, 36"
6151,437,158,106,37,2,68,Infusion of plant given to infants with diarrhea.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 37"
6161,439,125,108,34,2,68,Infusion of leaves taken for diarrhea.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 34"
6243,442,232,12,48,2,68,Decoction of root taken for 'bloody diarrhea.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48"
6332,447,32,1,27,2,68,Seeds boiled in 'new milk' and used for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
6381,449,125,108,34,2,68,Pulverized roots given to children with diarrhea.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 34"
6745,522,32,1,35,2,68,Compound decoction taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
6747,523,32,1,35,2,68,Compound decoction taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
6749,524,32,1,35,2,68,Compound decoction taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
6753,526,32,115,57,2,68,Decoction of plants taken for dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 57"
6936,549,259,10,175,2,68,Seeds eaten for dysentery.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175"
7034,565,32,1,48,2,68,Infusion of scraped bark taken for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48"
7094,576,32,1,25,2,68,Leaves chewed or infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
7098,576,38,15,128,2,68,Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128"
7122,578,32,1,25,2,68,Leaves chewed or infusion taken for dysentery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25"
7216,580,138,176,131,2,68,Decoction of inner bark used for dysentery.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131"
7342,588,228,88,206,2,68,"Infusion of roots taken for sun sickness: eye disease, headache, high fever and diarrhea.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 206"
7371,592,121,148,381,2,68,Compound decoction of root taken or root held in mouth for diarrhea.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 381"
7372,592,121,63,266,2,68,Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266"
7670,665,39,115,52,2,68,Decoction of roots taken for dysentery.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 52"
7925,711,32,1,37,2,68,Infusion of root taken for diarrhea.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
7962,723,38,4,344,2,68,Decoction of whole plant taken for dysentery and cramps.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344"
7964,723,50,16,9,2,68,Infusion of plant used for dysentery.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9"
7965,723,131,5,7,2,68,Infusion of plants taken for dysentery and diarrhea.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 7"
8101,752,32,1,54,2,68,Infusion of leaf taken to 'check bowels.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"