id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
1604,73,50,16,252,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
1613,73,137,89,366,1,52,Fruits roasted and eaten cold without salt.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
2901,204,21,53,208,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208"
2911,204,23,26,100,1,52,"Berries and fat stuffed into an intestine, boiled and eaten like a sausage.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2912,204,23,26,100,1,52,"Crushed berries, animal fat and dried meat used to make pemmican.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2913,204,23,26,100,1,52,Dried berries used to make sausages.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100"
2948,204,58,47,28,1,52,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28"
2949,204,58,47,28,1,52,Sun dried fruit eaten boiled or pounded into a pemmican.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28"
2953,204,61,17,87,1,52,Prized berries used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
2962,204,79,38,361,1,52,Berries used in season.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361"
2965,204,80,139,48,1,52,Berries eaten fresh or added to elk or deer meat to make pemmican.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
2967,204,92,41,72,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"
2971,204,105,71,385,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385"
2974,204,112,14,341,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 341"
2975,204,115,66,97,1,52,Fresh berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 97"
2978,204,122,63,288,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288"
2980,204,125,156,36,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 36"
2981,204,125,108,56,1,52,Fruits eaten for food.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 56"
2986,204,137,89,355,1,52,"Black, glaucous berries eaten fresh.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355"
2988,204,145,109,223,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
2994,204,151,73,6,1,52,Berries spiced and eaten.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
3002,204,157,74,52,1,52,Fruits eaten for food.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 52"
3009,204,175,32,120,1,52,"Berries eaten fresh, with sugar or cooked.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
3019,204,177,17,87,1,52,Prized berries used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
3024,204,205,17,87,1,52,Prized berries used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
3027,204,215,23,86,1,52,Berries eaten in late summer.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
3028,204,217,23,86,1,52,Berries eaten in late summer.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86"
3030,204,233,92,65,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65"
3043,204,259,10,253,1,52,Berries eaten fresh or boiled.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3044,204,259,33,489,1,52,Fruits eaten fresh in large quantities.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 489"
3059,204,272,142,32,1,52,Berries used in season.,"Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32"
3060,204,280,17,87,1,52,Prized berries used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87"
3063,205,86,14,263,1,52,Berries combined with other fruits and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263"
3065,205,181,14,107,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 107"
3068,206,183,98,83,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 83"
3072,207,4,132,75,1,52,Berries eaten raw.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 75"
3075,207,31,25,38,1,52,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
3077,207,94,77,64,1,52,Fruits eaten for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 64"
3079,207,209,77,64,1,52,Fruits eaten for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 64"
3082,207,226,44,101,1,52,Berries eaten raw or cooked with salmon.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101"
3083,207,241,25,38,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
3085,207,242,131,38,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38"
3088,207,253,25,38,1,52,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38"
3093,208,32,1,54,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
3108,210,38,15,132,1,52,Fruit eaten fresh.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 132"
3114,210,100,112,128,1,52,Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.,"Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128"
3118,210,173,8,236,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236"
3119,211,32,86,55,1,52,Fresh fruit used for food.,"Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of  'Wild'  Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 55"
3120,211,32,1,21,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 21"
3125,212,24,31,38,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 38"
3126,212,50,16,249,1,52,Raw fruits used for food.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
3128,212,106,60,11,1,52,Fruit eaten sparingly while fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
3134,214,1,84,152,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152"
3135,214,1,84,168,1,52,Fruits eaten for food.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 168"
3136,214,7,67,90,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 90"
3138,214,47,144,89,1,52,Berries boiled and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
3139,214,47,144,89,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
3140,214,47,144,89,1,52,Berries mashed and eaten.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89"
3142,214,100,116,90,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 90"
3148,214,250,144,343,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343"
3150,214,281,109,264,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
3153,215,206,43,107,1,52,Berries relished as a fresh food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107"
3163,216,101,76,21,1,52,Fruit formerly used for food.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
3166,216,157,141,148,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 148"
3167,216,157,74,52,1,52,Fruits eaten fresh.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 52"
3170,216,183,153,100,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100"
3174,217,159,18,30,1,52,Berries eaten raw or sometimes cooked.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
3210,227,38,15,134,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 134"
4184,322,50,16,252,1,52,Fruit eaten in small quantities.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
4195,322,105,70,17,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4213,322,200,89,374,1,52,Fruits eaten for food.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4218,322,202,40,67,1,52,Berries eaten fresh or roasted.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 67"
4235,322,273,89,374,1,52,Fruits eaten for food.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4240,322,287,69,87,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87"
4242,322,289,70,17,1,52,Berries roasted over an open fire and eaten.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4328,332,4,132,77,1,52,Berries used for food. Berry was juicy but rather insipid in flavor.  Not usually available in large quantities.  Picked in poor berry years and mixed with blueberries.  Flavor was much improved with cooking.,"Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 77"
4329,332,67,167,715,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715"
4331,332,72,54,108,1,52,"Berries, other berries and sugar cooked and eaten.","Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska.  Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 108"
4341,333,105,71,388,1,52,"Dried berries pounded, mixed with salmon eggs, cooked in a basket with a hot rock and eaten.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
4354,335,24,31,40,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4383,336,65,122,219,1,52,Fruit used for food.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 219"
4386,336,106,60,11,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 11"
4391,337,105,71,388,1,52,"Dried berries pounded, mixed with salmon eggs, cooked in a basket with a hot rock and eaten.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
4398,337,137,89,375,1,52,Green fruits eaten in small quantities to quench thirst.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4399,337,137,89,375,1,52,Ripe fruits eaten raw or cooked.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4417,337,287,69,85,1,52,Ripe berries eaten raw.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 85"
4424,338,105,70,18,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
4425,338,105,71,388,1,52,"Dried berries pounded, mixed with salmon eggs, cooked in a basket with a hot rock and eaten.","Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388"
4430,338,183,98,101,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101"
4433,339,128,24,230,1,52,Ground berry pulp used for food.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230"
4442,340,115,66,102,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102"
4444,340,142,109,308,1,52,Berries used for food during an acorn crop failure.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 308"
4447,340,158,106,35,1,52,Berries eaten raw.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 35"
4451,340,281,109,263,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 263"
4453,341,157,121,23,1,52,Berries eaten raw or cooked.,"Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 23"
4462,343,24,31,40,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4477,343,284,48,256,1,52,Berries chewed and used for food.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256"
4480,344,255,36,10,1,52,Berries used for food.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10"
4485,345,50,16,252,1,52,Raw fruit used for food.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252"
4490,345,97,127,46,1,52,Berries eaten fresh.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 46"
4491,345,131,5,70,1,52,Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70"