id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
813,38,87,14,220,1,5,Plant eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 220"
1138,46,157,141,154,1,5,Plant used as a forage for both wild and domesticated animals.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154"
1612,73,137,89,366,1,5,Fruits eaten by squirrels as forage.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1962,123,92,41,17,1,5,Plant browsed by deer.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 17"
2162,141,233,92,54,1,5,Bulbs eaten by sheep and cattle.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
2721,186,157,74,45,1,5,Plant used as sheep forage.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 45"
2966,204,92,41,72,1,5,Berries eaten by bears.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72"
2992,204,151,30,9,1,5,Berries eaten by bears and grouse.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9"
2993,204,151,30,9,1,5,"Young stems and leaves eaten by elk, deer, moose and mountain sheep.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9"
3157,216,89,2,222,1,5,Fruit eaten by deer.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
3674,284,92,41,56,1,5,Cattle used this plant for forage.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56"
3945,303,259,33,516,1,5,Flowers used as sources of nectar by humming birds.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
4060,318,150,103,315,1,5,Roots eaten by rabbits.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315"
4201,322,137,89,374,1,5,Fruits eaten by deer.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4202,322,137,89,374,1,5,Leaves eaten by cows when green grass scarce.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4203,322,137,89,374,1,5,"White, globular flowers eaten by doves, wild pigeons and turkeys.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4330,332,68,171,23,1,5,Berries eaten greedily by bears and ptarmigan.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23"
4397,337,137,89,375,1,5,Fruits eaten by bears as forage.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375"
4448,340,183,98,102,1,5,Berries eaten by bears and deer.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102"
4478,344,68,171,23,1,5,Berries eaten greedily by bears and ptarmigan.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23"
4608,347,166,101,104,1,5,Fruits eaten by grouse.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104"
4678,347,259,33,514,1,5,Fruits eaten by deer.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
4970,386,100,116,102,1,5,Plants eaten by turkeys.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 102"
5026,392,23,146,56,1,5,Plant used as fall and winter forage for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
5028,392,125,108,35,1,5,Best sage for winter browse by livestock and game.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 35"
5275,397,101,76,22,1,5,Plant considered excellent grazing plant for sheep and cattle.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22"
6108,429,137,89,379,1,5,Sweet-scented flowers used by bees as a source of nectar.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 379"
6149,435,291,6,65,1,5,Plant favored by jackrabbits.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65"
6527,487,159,18,32,1,5,Plant and roots eaten by sheep.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32"
6542,492,259,33,516,1,5,Used as a common forage plant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
6598,501,107,79,31,1,5,Plant used as forage for cattle.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 31"
6610,502,157,74,43,1,5,"Plant used, for the salt, to pasture sheep in the summer.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
6629,503,157,74,43,1,5,"Plant used as forage for cattle, sheep and goats, especially when other forage was scarce.","Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43"
6704,511,193,11,67,1,5,Used as an important forage plant.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67"
6731,517,193,104,69,1,5,Herbaceous plants eaten by stock.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 69"
7027,561,157,141,152,1,5,"Plant used as sheep forage, especially in the winter.","Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 152"
7366,592,87,14,153,1,5,Plant eaten by mountain goats and deer.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 153"
7435,608,95,37,64,1,5,Used as an important forage grass.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 64"
7436,608,107,79,33,1,5,Grass used for grazing purposes.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
7438,608,151,73,8,1,5,Grass used for forage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8"
7446,608,159,18,15,1,5,Important forage grass.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15"
7453,610,159,18,16,1,5,Important forage grass for a short season.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
7566,629,137,89,326,1,5,Corms eaten by sheep.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 326"
7593,640,259,33,516,1,5,Plants used as a forage crop.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
7611,648,23,146,20,1,5,Used as an excellent fall and winter pasture for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20"
7741,676,233,92,54,1,5,Plant eaten by cattle and sheep.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54"
8058,736,259,10,114,1,5,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8073,744,159,18,19,1,5,Plant browsed by sheep.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 19"
8074,745,23,42,277,1,5,Favorite grass of the buffalo.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277"
8075,745,23,146,22,1,5,Leaves thought to be a favorite food of the buffalo.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22"
8089,746,259,10,114,1,5,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8097,751,259,10,114,1,5,Roots sometimes eaten by muskrats.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8098,751,259,33,514,1,5,Used as a forage plant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
8125,752,259,10,114,1,5,"Leaves eaten by goats, horses and other animals.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8126,752,259,33,515,1,5,Used as a general forage plant.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 515"
8131,754,137,89,314,1,5,Foliage cut for hay and used for forage.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 314"
8526,795,137,89,387,1,5,Plants eaten sparingly by horses.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 387"
8628,808,137,89,367,1,5,Leaves eaten by deer as forage.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 367"
8629,808,137,89,367,1,5,Seeds eaten by squirrels as forage.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 367"
8658,813,105,71,386,1,5,Plant eaten by deer.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386"
8671,816,175,32,119,1,5,Buds and branches considered an important food for deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119"
8702,819,175,32,120,1,5,Bush eaten by deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
8705,819,183,98,89,1,5,Plant eaten by deer.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 89"
8722,819,259,10,252,1,5,Plant considered a favorite food of deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252"
8723,819,259,33,516,1,5,Shrub extensively eaten by deer.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516"
8952,842,157,74,53,1,5,Whole plant used by sheep for forage.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53"
9302,882,175,32,110,1,5,Plant eaten by horses and deer.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110"
9749,922,287,69,93,1,5,Bulbs eaten by pigs.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93"
10109,989,1,84,152,1,5,Plant eaten by caribou.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 152"
10128,1001,151,30,29,1,5,"Rootstocks eaten by marmots, ground squirrels and grizzly bears.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 29"
10219,1019,125,108,55,1,5,Leaves eaten by horses.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 55"
10413,1033,21,53,199,1,5,Berries eaten by wolves.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199"
11046,1102,87,14,233,1,5,Berries eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 233"
11110,1102,175,32,96,1,5,Berries eaten by black bears.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
11155,1105,181,14,93,1,5,Berries eaten by bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 93"
11363,1123,175,32,124,1,5,Berries eaten by bears and other animals.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
11490,1145,137,89,363,1,5,"Shiny, bean-like seeds eaten by wild mourning doves and turkeys.","Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 363"
12537,1303,157,74,49,1,5,Plant used by sheep for forage.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 49"
12715,1342,87,14,149,1,5,Rootstocks eaten by mountain goats.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 149"
12734,1346,61,91,369,1,5,Plant considered a choice prairie dog food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 369"
12735,1346,61,17,132,1,5,Plant eaten by prairie dogs.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132"
13113,1399,92,41,23,1,5,Plants float upright during high tide and the brant geese like to pick at them.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23"
13300,1421,87,14,156,1,5,Plant eaten by geese.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 156"
13335,1421,257,61,68,1,5,Plant eaten by horses.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 68"
13474,1427,87,14,156,1,5,Plant eaten by grizzly bears.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 156"
13543,1432,137,89,304,1,5,Used as an occasional forage food for horses.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 304"
13637,1454,23,146,56,1,5,Plant used as a fall and winter forage for horses.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
13662,1454,157,141,159,1,5,Plants browsed by animals.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 159"
13793,1480,173,20,398,1,5,Plant eaten by deer and cows.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398"
14216,1547,101,76,28,1,5,High moisture content of leaves and stems made it a good grazing plant for livestock.,"Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28"
14219,1547,106,60,31,1,5,"Plant eaten by horses, cows and rabbits.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 31"
14341,1561,151,30,24,1,5,Plants eaten by bears and ground squirrels.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24"
15363,1668,92,41,55,1,5,The first horse seen in the Hesquiat area was said to have eaten mission bells.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
15373,1669,151,30,25,1,5,"Bulbous, underground corms eaten by bears, gophers and ground squirrels.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 25"
15374,1669,151,30,25,1,5,Leafy tops eaten by deer.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 25"
16351,1786,257,61,56,1,5,Plant eaten by livestock.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 56"
16391,1793,259,10,192,1,5,Plant eaten by sheep. The plant was not used by people as it was considered a noxious weed because the burred fruits stuck to fur and clothing.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192"
16500,1809,68,171,30,1,5,Root tubers eaten by brown and black bears and meadow mice.,"Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 30"
16511,1810,68,205,1,1,5,"Roots eaten by the brown bears, meadow mice and lemmings.","Porsild, A.E., 1937, Edible Roots and Berries of Northern Canada, Canada Department of Mines and Resources, National Museum of Canada, page 1"
16778,1851,9,150,67,1,5,Whole plant eaten by cows.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67"
16830,1851,92,41,60,1,5,Young shoots eaten by cattle.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60"