id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
67,2,100,7,269,2,39,"Decoction used as wash and poultice applied to cuts, bruises, sprains and sores.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
90,2,141,35,53,2,39,Gum used for fractures.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
304,6,259,10,97,2,39,Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97"
585,31,100,7,378,2,39,Decoction of bark applied as poultice for paralysis.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378"
591,31,141,35,53,2,39,Unspecified plant parts used for 'trouble with the limbs.',"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
630,32,228,88,269,2,39,"Decoction of bark used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids.","Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269"
755,38,29,9,65,2,39,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
874,38,134,93,244,2,39,Used as a liniment for sprains.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244"
879,38,137,89,391,2,39,Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sprains.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391"
889,38,141,155,25,2,39,"Dried, powdered bark or green leaves rubbed over sprains.","Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 25"
890,38,141,35,53,2,39,"Herb used for swelling, bruises and sprains.","Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53"
927,38,183,153,196,2,39,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sprains.,"Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196"
974,38,259,10,166,2,39,Leaves and roots rubbed on broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166"
1087,42,232,12,31-33,2,39,Decoction of flowers used as a liniment for muscular pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1253,55,58,47,24,2,39,Decoction of rootstocks used for lower back pains.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1254,55,58,47,24,2,39,Poultice of powdered roots & yellow pond lily roots or cow parsnip roots applied to limb swellings.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1255,55,58,47,24,2,39,Rootstock used for facial paralysis.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24"
1305,55,125,108,26,2,39,Infusion of pulverized roots and gun powder taken for arm and leg cramps.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 26"
1440,60,100,7,320,2,39,Poultice of smashed leaves applied to babies with sore backs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
1575,71,100,7,257,2,39,Poultice of smashed plant applied to sore back of babies.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 257"
1651,78,32,1,27,2,39,Poultice of pounded nuts used for 'white swelling' and sprains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
1901,102,159,18,47,2,39,"Wet leaves rubbed on swollen arms, wrists or ankles.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47"
2006,128,100,7,272,2,39,Split root used for lame back or kidneys and leaf infusion used as a runner's liniment.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 272"
2366,168,149,97,"69, 70",2,39,Infusion of twigs used as a liniment for sprain and backache pains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 70"
2493,172,53,25,27,2,39,Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease 'aching bones.',"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27"
2544,172,166,101,98,2,39,"Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for broken bones and ribs.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98"
2613,173,32,1,22,2,39,Used for swellings and sprains.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
2631,174,141,35,54,2,39,Bark used for dislocations and fractures.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"
2635,174,149,110,265,2,39,"Infusion used as wash for sprains, bruises, headaches and backache.","Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
2858,198,100,7,468,2,39,Decoction of plants taken for cramps from picking berries.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 468"
2876,201,50,16,25,2,39,Poultice of heated leaves applied to aching joints.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25"
3257,236,38,4,362,2,39,Infusion of flower used as herbal steam for rheumatism and paralysis.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
3308,241,30,115,5,2,39,Roots used for backaches.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 5"
3334,248,174,56,201,2,39,Decoction of root used for pain in the lumbar region.,"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201"
3394,255,183,12,"33, 34",2,39,Decoction of leaves used as a bath for muscular pains and sore feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 33, 34"
3440,259,100,7,401,2,39,Poultice of roots applied to broken bones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 401"
3547,267,50,16,23,2,39,Burned twigs used to beat aching joints.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23"
3552,267,59,128,657,2,39,Root taken for back pain.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657"
3597,270,100,7,400,2,39,Poultice of plant applied to sprained muscles and twisted joints.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 400"
3958,307,176,55,41,2,39,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
3966,307,259,55,41,2,39,Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
4092,319,32,1,57,2,39,Taken for weak backs.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
4100,319,38,4,366,2,39,Compound poultice of root or decoction of root applied to fractured bone.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366"
4101,319,38,4,362,2,39,Decoction of root or poultice of root applied to sprain or strained muscles.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
4122,319,100,7,392,2,39,Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for swellings on shins and calves.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 392"
4172,321,32,1,"31, 32",2,39,Ooze of root used as wash for paralysis.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31, 32"
4325,329,100,7,474,2,39,Poultice of heated leaves applied to bruises or backaches.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 474"
4541,347,33,13,41,2,39,Decoction of plant taken and leaves rubbed on back for painful or sprained back.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 41"
4542,347,33,39,183,2,39,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4543,347,33,39,183,2,39,"Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for sprained backs.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183"
4671,347,259,10,211,2,39,Infusion of plant taken and used as a wash for broken bones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4807,367,32,1,41,2,39,Used as a liniment.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41"
4821,367,100,7,276,2,39,Compound infusion of powdered plants taken for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
4822,367,100,7,277,2,39,Compound of powdered plant and alcohol used as a liniment for sore joints.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 277"
4823,367,100,7,276,2,39,Hot poultice of plant applied to bruises and for lameness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 276"
4840,367,141,35,55,2,39,Parts of plant used as a liniment used for external use.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
4843,367,149,110,269,2,39,Infusion of plant used as a liniment.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
4853,367,192,103,310,2,39,Infusion of plant used as a liniment 'for general external use.',"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310"
4928,378,30,75,189,2,39,Infusion of roots taken for back pain.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 189"
4939,382,38,4,362,2,39,Boiled plant top used as warm compress for sprain or strained muscles.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"
4946,382,175,32,75,2,39,"Poultice of mashed, boiled plant applied or decoction of plant used as a wash for broken limbs.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75"
5089,394,266,70,18,2,39,Fresh leaves used as a steamed herb for fractures.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5100,394,287,69,45,2,39,Poultice of pounded plant applied for back pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 45"
5105,394,289,70,18,2,39,Fresh leaves used as a steamed herb for fractures.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18"
5153,395,176,55,41,2,39,Plant used in the sweat house for stiff joints.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5162,395,183,12,"39, 40",2,39,Poultice of plant tops applied for sprains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 39, 40"
5197,395,259,55,41,2,39,Plant used in the sweat house for stiff joints.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41"
5198,395,259,33,463,2,39,"Plants used in sweatbath for sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 463"
5419,399,259,10,170,2,39,Poultice of plant boiled with 'any kind of weeds' and used on injured areas as a bone setter.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170"
5429,400,29,9,65,2,39,Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains.,"Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65"
5466,401,183,12,40-42,2,39,Decoction of plant used as a soaking bath for aching feet.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 40-42"
5586,406,73,187,33,2,39,Plant used as switch during steambath for a sprained or sore limb.,"Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 33"
5588,406,75,177,"5, 13",2,39,Poultice of heated leaves applied to painful joint and used internally.,"Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 13"
5634,407,95,72,17,2,39,Infusion of leaves taken for ailing ilium.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17"
5654,407,115,173,131,2,39,Smashed herbs used as substitute for liniment.,"Spier, Leslie, 1930, Klamath Ethnography, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 30:1-338, page 131"
5661,407,151,73,7,2,39,Mashed herbs used as a substitute for liniment and as a poultice.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
5718,407,183,12,44-47,2,39,"Decoction of branches used as liniment for lumbago, muscular cramps and sore feet.","Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5780,407,232,12,44-47,2,39,Decoction of branches used as a wash or liniment for lumbago or muscular cramps.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47"
5850,410,183,65,317,2,39,Plant used for female backache and knee-ache.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317"
5860,411,5,130,425,2,39,Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles.,"Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands  II.  Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 425"
5869,414,32,1,36,2,39,Infusion of root used to bathe swollen feet.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36"
5880,415,259,33,457,2,39,Salve of stalk ashes and grease used for paralysis.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457"
5941,420,24,31,102,2,39,Used as a splint for broken limbs.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
5976,421,38,4,366,2,39,Compound poultice of root applied to fractured bones.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366"
6131,434,100,7,418,2,39,Decoction of plants taken for lame backs.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 418"
6349,447,138,176,132,2,39,Poultice of root used or decoction taken for lameness.,"Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 132"
6561,496,158,106,27,2,39,Poultice of crushed leaves applied to lame back.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 27"
7000,556,100,7,363,2,39,Decoction of roots rubbed on the arms and legs for cramps.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 363"
7006,556,154,22,"56, 84",2,39,Compound containing plant used as a lotion on sprains.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 56, 84"
7104,576,100,7,300,2,39,Compound decoction taken for soreness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 300"
7173,580,58,47,32,2,39,Decoction of wood taken for back pain.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32"
7273,580,255,36,5,2,39,Bark used as casts for broken limbs. A soft material such as a cloth was placed next to the skin on the broken limb over which birchbark was wrapped and tied.  The birchbark was then heated until it shrank to fit the limb.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
7378,592,209,25,15,2,39,Poultice of fresh leaves applied to paralyzed parts of the body.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
7470,617,32,1,46,2,39,Taken for palsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7484,618,32,1,46,2,39,Taken for palsy.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46"
7652,662,58,47,33,2,39,Aerial stems used for sore legs.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33"
8192,757,193,11,53,2,39,Dead ribs used as splints for broken bones.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53"
8271,762,32,1,38,2,39,Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8317,766,32,1,38,2,39,Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8386,768,32,1,38,2,39,Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8459,782,38,4,362,2,39,Simple or compound decoction of flowers used for paralysis.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362"