id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
163,5,121,63,268,2,23,Root held in the mouth for gum boils and canker sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268"
226,6,23,26,123,2,23,Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123"
261,6,76,30,2,2,23,"Needles pounded, mixed with lard and used for bleeding gums.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2"
362,10,159,18,26,2,23,Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26"
1092,43,58,47,23,2,23,Poultice of chewed roots applied to gum sores.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23"
1387,55,231,62,118,2,23,"Root dried, cooked in sugar and eaten for the breath.","Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 118"
2356,168,134,93,245,2,23,Bark chewed and used for ulcerated mouths.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 245"
2364,168,141,35,54,2,23,Bark used for ulcerated mouth.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54"
2612,173,32,1,22,2,23,"Infusion of bark given to babies for 'thrash,' a mouth soreness.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
3426,259,32,1,23,2,23,'Root tonic' used as gargle for sore mouth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
3586,269,202,40,20,2,23,Root chewed or held in the mouth to prevent bad breath.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 20"
3761,296,173,20,354355,2,23,Root used for coated tongue and headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
4022,318,58,47,29,2,23,Decoction of roots used to wash teething child's infected gums to prevent spread of infection.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4510,347,23,26,66,2,23,Infusion of plant used as a mouthwash for cankers and sore gums.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
4568,347,60,30,40,2,23,Leaves pulverized and powder used for canker sores of the mouth.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 40"
4670,347,259,10,211,2,23,Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for canker sores and weak gums.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211"
4916,377,32,1,39,2,23,Roots chewed for tongue and mouth diseases.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39"
4995,388,23,26,101,2,23,Leaves chewed by runners for the mentholating properties.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101"
5600,406,255,36,17,2,23,Decoction of above the ground part of the plant taken for mouth sores.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"
5684,407,175,32,78,2,23,Decoction of leaves and branches taken for tonsillitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78"
5823,408,175,32,79,2,23,Decoction of leaves and branches taken for tonsillitis.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79"
5864,413,90,68,38,2,23,Milk and other plants used for mouth sores.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 38"
6375,449,23,26,75,2,23,Poultice of chewed roots applied to nursing baby's sore gums.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75"
6399,452,90,68,14,2,23,Buds and burnt potato peel chewed for sore mouths.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 14"
6403,453,90,68,22,2,23,"Shoots & other plants pounded, squeezed & resulting liquid used for children with mouth sores.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 22"
6411,454,90,68,29,2,23,"Leaf ashes, nut juice and fruit milk mixed and used on sores about the mouth.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 29"
6867,549,33,13,"38, 39",2,23,Root chewed and saliva allowed to run down throat for sore mouth and throat.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38, 39"
7038,568,141,35,55,2,23,Bark and root used for ulcerated gums.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 55"
7043,568,192,103,309,2,23,Poultice of pounded root or bark applied to ulcerated gums.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
7402,604,111,140,13,2,23,Stem used as a toothpick.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
7403,604,111,140,13,2,23,Stem used as a toothpick.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13"
8269,762,32,1,38,2,23,Bark chewed for sore mouth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8270,762,32,115,14,2,23,Chewed inner bark used for sore mouth.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
8316,766,32,1,38,2,23,Bark chewed for sore mouth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8385,768,32,1,38,2,23,Bark chewed for sore mouth.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8602,807,100,7,382,2,23,Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore roof of the mouth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 382"
8639,809,107,79,35,2,23,Leaves chewed for sore mouth.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
9161,866,95,37,"33, 83-84",2,23,"Dried, ground plant used as soothing lip balm.","Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 83-84"
9231,880,15,45,158,2,23,Plant chewed to sweeten the saliva.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158"
9792,934,102,28,21,2,23,Decoction of green parts tied with cedar boughs or twigs and used as a gargle.,"Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21"
9911,951,100,59,63,2,23,Infusion of roots used for mouth sickness.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 63"
9912,951,149,97,"71, 128",2,23,Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for infants.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128"
9990,968,121,148,383,2,23,Infusion of root used to wipe out child's mouth for rash and cankers.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"
9991,968,121,148,383,2,23,Root held in mouth for rash or cankers in mouth and infusion used for children.,"Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"
9992,968,121,148,383,2,23,"Root skins dried, soaked in water and used as a wash for mouth rashes and cankers.","Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 383"
10012,971,121,63,278,2,23,Dried outer root held in the mouth for cankers and gum sores.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
10420,1034,32,1,47,2,23,Infusion held in mouth for ten to twenty minutes for thrush.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"
10491,1051,158,106,18,2,23,Plant used as a mouth wash for canker sores.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 18"
10652,1072,100,7,322,2,23,Infusion of roots used for sore mouths of children and trench mouth.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 322"
10653,1072,100,116,87,2,23,Roots chewed for mouth pains.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 87"
10660,1072,134,93,245,2,23,Infusion of plant used for children with sore mouths.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 245"
10663,1072,138,51,48,2,23,Astringent root used as a wash for oral cankers and babies' teething pains.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 48"
10667,1072,141,35,56,2,23,Herb used for sore and diseased mouth.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56"
10669,1072,149,97,"72, 128",2,23,Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for infants.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 72, 128"
10670,1072,149,110,265,2,23,Infusion of plant used as a mouth wash for babies.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
10673,1072,173,20,383,2,23,Decoction of root used as a wash for sore mouth and to soothe mouth of teething baby.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383"
10677,1072,192,103,309,2,23,Stems chewed for mouth sores and mouths irritated by tobacco smoking.,"Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309"
10679,1072,206,43,74,2,23,Roots used for sore gums and especially for pain of teething babies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 74"
10941,1098,139,21,"218, 219",2,23,Infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 218, 219"
11056,1102,100,7,403,2,23,Infusion of bark taken for nose or mouth hemorrhages.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 403"
11358,1123,175,32,124,2,23,Infusion of new shoots used to wash a baby's mouth for mouth sores.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124"
11786,1172,90,68,33,2,23,"Bark and other plants pounded, squeezed and the resulting liquid used to gargle.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 33"
12279,1247,23,26,82,2,23,Infusion of plant given to children with frothy mouthspells.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 82"
12427,1281,32,1,59,2,23,"Roots chewed for sore gums and mouth, including pyorrhea.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
12431,1283,32,1,59,2,23,"Roots chewed for sore gums and mouth, including pyorrhea.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59"
12565,1310,32,1,49,2,23,Syrup used for thrush.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
12572,1310,211,102,25,2,23,Infusion of inner bark used as a wash for thrash.,"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25"
12645,1323,23,26,76,2,23,"Infusion of leaves gargled, especially by children, for cankers.","Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76"
12749,1348,33,39,188,2,23,Infusion of powdered leaves and roots taken or root chewed for sore mouth or gums.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
12750,1348,33,39,188,2,23,Root used to stimulate the flow of saliva.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 188"
12768,1348,125,108,37,2,23,Plant chewed when thirsty.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 37"
12773,1348,151,73,11,2,23,"Dried root with 'smarting, acrid taste' caused a profuse flow of saliva.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11"
12842,1350,33,30,38,2,23,Infusion of powdered roots and leaves taken for sore mouth and gums.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38"
12874,1354,131,5,47,2,23,Plant used for the prevention of salivary gland swelling.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 47"
13539,1431,266,70,29,2,23,Stem rubbed on child's teeth to keep them from gritting their teeth.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 29"
13618,1450,257,61,45,2,23,White galls from plants hung around babies' necks to stop dribbling.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45"
13922,1491,24,31,71,2,23,Fresh leaves chewed as a thirst quencher.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 71"
13944,1494,159,18,23,2,23,Cold infusion of root used as a mouthwash for sore gums.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23"
13965,1497,125,108,54,2,23,Infusion of plant used for children with sore mouths.,"Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 54"
14052,1514,15,45,157,2,23,Plant chewed to sweeten the saliva.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"
14064,1514,291,6,50,2,23,"Root carried in mouth for sore tongue, then buried in river bottom.","Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 50"
14144,1530,131,5,25,2,23,Infusion of flowers and leaves used as a mouthwash for pyorrhea.,"Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 25"
14615,1592,24,31,73,2,23,Infusion of plant taken for mouth sores.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73"
14872,1635,100,7,352,2,23,Decoction of roots used as a wash for chancre sores.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 352"
14895,1636,175,32,125,2,23,Leaf powder dusted into baby's sore mouth.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"
15010,1640,175,32,125,2,23,Leaf powder dusted into baby's sore mouth.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125"
15584,1702,32,1,61,2,23,Leaves chewed for tender gums.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61"
15641,1703,133,3,299,2,23,Leaves used to dry the mouth.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299"
15811,1727,32,1,35,2,23,Decoction and fox grapes used to wash children's mouths for 'thrush.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35"
15814,1727,38,4,342,2,23,"Dried, pulverized root put in mouth, especially by children, for sores.","Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342"
15825,1727,100,7,366,2,23,"Roots used several ways for sore mouth, trench mouth and chancre sores.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 366"
15836,1727,139,21,222,2,23,"Infusion of root used for pyorrhea, sore gums and toothache.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 222"
15839,1727,173,20,370371,2,23,Root used for sore mouths and flux.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 370371"
15843,1728,216,144,293,2,23,Leaf held between lips for sore lips.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 293"
15931,1738,23,26,66,2,23,Infusion of roots used as a mouthwash for cankers.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
16034,1758,23,26,113,2,23,Burs kept in the mouth by buffalo runners to protect against thirst.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113"
16078,1758,291,157,376,2,23,Root chewed to keep the mouth sweet and moist.,"Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 376"
16112,1764,149,97,72,2,23,Mashed leaves used to wipe out infants' mouths to prevent soreness.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 72"
16113,1764,149,110,265,2,23,Poultice of mashed leaves used for babies with sore mouths.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265"
16583,1821,111,140,60,2,23,"Coagulated sap chewed, by the elders, to diminish thirst.","Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60"
17028,1865,32,1,23,2,23,Infusion used for 'thrash' and sore mouth and root chewed to take coat off tongue.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"