id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
35,2,7,67,124,2,22,Needles used in a sudatory for women after childbirth and for other purposes.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 124"
66,2,100,7,269,2,22,Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for parturition.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269"
132,4,32,1,34,2,22,"Used for 'falling of the womb,' the 'whites' and weak backs in females.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34"
456,23,259,10,146,2,22,"Decoction of sticks and saskatoon sticks taken to heal women's insides and stimulate lactation. The decoction was made either with two sticks each of saskatoon and rocky mountain maple, or, for a stronger medicine, four sticks each and used after childbirth to heal women's insides and to stimulate the flow of milk for nursing.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 146"
611,32,32,1,44,2,22,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'female trouble' and cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
639,34,32,1,44,2,22,Compound infusion of bark taken for 'female trouble' and cramps.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44"
746,38,23,26,60,2,22,Infusion of leaves taken to expel the afterbirth.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
747,38,23,26,60,2,22,Infusion of leaves taken when labor pains started and to ease the delivery.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60"
761,38,32,1,62,2,22,Used for flooding.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62"
784,38,41,99,199,2,22,Infusion of leaves used during childbirth.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199"
846,38,114,25,49,2,22,Decoction of leaves taken during childbirth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
855,38,121,63,278,2,22,Poultice of leaves applied to chest for hardened breasts after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278"
867,38,133,25,49,2,22,Decoction of leaves taken to heal the uterus after birth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
868,38,133,3,322,2,22,Plant taken at the start of labor 'to hurry the baby.',"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
869,38,133,3,322,2,22,Plant taken by an expectant mother close to the time of birth for an easy delivery.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 322"
870,38,133,25,49,2,22,Raw leaves chewed by women to produce sweating at childbirth.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49"
1055,42,183,12,31-33,2,22,Decoction of plant taken as a blood tonic after childbirth.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33"
1175,55,7,67,135,2,22,Infusion of ground roots taken after childbirth and for symptoms of menopause.,"Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany:  An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada.  Mercury Series Number 65, page 135"
1401,57,158,106,49,2,22,"Plant used for difficult labor, a postpartum medicine.","Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 49"
1415,59,139,21,237238,2,22,Decoction of root taken for childbirth pain.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 237238"
1439,60,100,7,320,2,22,Infusion of roots taken to 'promote the flow of milk in women.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320"
1452,61,33,30,8,2,22,Infusion of root pieces used by women after childbirth for increased milk flow.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 8"
1453,61,33,57,22,2,22,Infusion of stems taken by pregnant and nursing mothers to increase milk flow.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 22"
1454,61,38,4,358,2,22,Decoction of root taken for excessive flowing.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 358"
1456,61,58,47,25,2,22,Infusion of small piece of root taken to slow heavy menstrual flow.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 25"
1459,61,173,20,382,2,22,Infusion of root taken after childbirth 'to clear up the system.',"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382"
1462,61,206,43,74,2,22,Infusion of root given 'to purge the patient of afterbirth.',"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 74"
1469,62,33,39,174,2,22,"Infusion of dried, pounded roots & stems taken after childbirth to make first milk pass off quickly.","Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 174"
1470,62,33,13,41,2,22,Simple or compound decoction of plant taken to increase maternal milk flow.,"Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 41"
1545,70,50,16,4,2,22,Decoction of plant used to expel the afterbirth and for postparturition.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 4"
1571,71,100,7,258,2,22,Compound decoction or infusion of roots taken for excessive menstruation.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
1572,71,100,7,258,2,22,"Decoction of roots used by 'ladies to get period, cleans out' or for abortions.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
1573,71,100,7,258,2,22,Plant used for abortal pains and pain when about to deliver.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
1589,71,138,51,47,2,22,"Blades, stem and root used for 'female maladies.'","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 47"
1594,71,206,43,73,2,22,Infusion of root taken by nursing mothers for caked breast.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 73"
1648,78,32,1,27,2,22,"Cold, compound infusion given to stop bleeding after delivery.","Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
1649,78,32,1,27,2,22,Infusion of bark and cold compound infusion of bark used in delivery.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
1881,98,100,7,459,2,22,Decoction or infusion of roots taken for a fallen or inflamed womb.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 459"
1922,109,32,1,22,2,22,Infusion of burs taken to 'check discharge.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
1939,110,32,1,22,2,22,Infusion of burs taken to 'check discharge.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
1977,126,32,1,57,2,22,Tonic used to strengthen womb and root prevented abortion.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
1986,126,211,102,34,2,22,Infusion of plant given to women and girls for 'female troubles.',"Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 34"
2004,128,100,7,272,2,22,Infusion of plant used for 'womb troubles.',"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 272"
2333,168,38,4,358,2,22,Decoction of root with powdered bumblebees taken for difficult labor.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 358"
2374,168,206,43,43,2,22,Infusion of bark used for 'flushing the vagina.',"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 43"
2394,169,32,115,14,2,22,Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 14"
2448,170,175,32,87,2,22,Decoction of plant tops and leaves taken after childbirth to 'clean out.',"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
2471,171,137,89,332,2,22,Decoction of dried bark taken to facilitate childbirth.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332"
2607,173,32,1,22,2,22,Used for childbirth pain and compound infusion taken for menstrual period.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22"
2657,176,175,32,87,2,22,Decoction of plant tops and leaves taken after childbirth to 'clean out.',"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87"
2756,190,32,1,23,2,22,Leaves used to 'relieve profuse menstruation.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
2801,193,32,1,23,2,22,Leaves used to 'relieve profuse menstruation.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
2837,195,32,1,23,2,22,Leaves used to 'relieve profuse menstruation.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23"
2844,197,193,11,103,2,22,Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103"
2855,198,96,49,65,2,22,Decoction of root taken for menstrual troubles.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65"
2880,201,107,79,26,2,22,Infusion of plant given to women during difficult labor.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26"
2884,202,157,141,151,2,22,Plant used to facilitate delivery of the placenta after childbirth.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 151"
3023,204,200,80,13,2,22,Decoction of roots taken for too frequent menstruation.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13"
3034,204,259,10,253,2,22,Strong decoction of bark taken by women after childbirth to hasten the dropping of the afterbirth. The decoction was taken immediately after childbirth.  The medicine made from the tall variety of saskatoon was said to clean her out and help heal her insides.  It was also said to stop her menstrual periods after the baby was born and hence act as a form of birth control.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3035,204,259,10,253,2,22,Warm decoction of stems and twigs taken by women or used as a bath after childbirth.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
3036,204,259,33,471,2,22,Warm decoction taken and used as a wash after childbirth.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471"
3099,209,100,107,96,2,22,Fruits given to mothers after childbirth for afterpains and hemorrhages.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
3100,209,100,107,96,2,22,Infusion of small branches given to mothers after childbirth for afterpains and hemorrhages.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
3105,210,38,4,356,2,22,Compound decoction of bark taken for 'female weakness.',"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356"
3106,210,38,4,358,2,22,Infusion of root taken to prevent miscarriage after an injury.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 358"
3110,210,100,107,96,2,22,Fruits given to mothers after childbirth for afterpains and hemorrhages.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
3111,210,100,107,96,2,22,Infusion of small branches given to mothers after childbirth for afterpains and hemorrhages.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
3122,211,173,20,384,2,22,Infusion of bark taken by expectant mothers.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384"
3131,212,202,40,104,2,22,Decoction of boiled roots taken to check too-frequent menstruation.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 104"
3164,216,157,141,148,2,22,Plant used during labor and delivery.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 148"
3311,242,96,49,65,2,22,Decoction of plant taken by pregnant women to strengthen both mother and child.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65"
3317,244,159,18,38,2,22,Compound decoction of whole plant used for postpartum hemorrhage.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38"
3376,255,50,16,8,2,22,Decoction of roots used for menstrual cramps.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8"
3438,259,100,7,401,2,22,Decoction of roots taken by women for weakness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 401"
3573,267,257,61,71,2,22,Decoction of root not recommended for pregnant women because of astringency.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 71"
3585,269,202,40,20,2,22,Decoction of root used to regulate menses and ease menstrual cramps and discomforts of menopause.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 20"
3607,276,173,20,363,2,22,Infusion of herb taken after childbirth to purge afterbirth and to heal.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363"
3614,278,32,1,50,2,22,Infusion taken for excessive discharge in monthly period.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50"
3616,278,100,7,464,2,22,Infusion of roots taken for leukorrhea.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 464"
3618,278,139,21,210,2,22,Infusion of leaves taken after childbirth to prevent sickness.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 210"
3662,282,105,71,390,2,22,Plant used by pregnant women.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 390"
3736,296,58,47,28,2,22,Decoction of plant used to increase lactation.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28"
3741,296,100,7,415,2,22,Compound infusion of roots taken for evacuation of the placenta.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 415"
3748,296,139,21,201,2,22,Compound containing rind used by a woman with 'an injured womb.',"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201"
3760,296,173,20,354355,2,22,Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355"
3773,296,225,44,219,2,22,Infusion of roots taken about once a week as a contraceptive.,"Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem:  Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 219"
3805,297,107,79,27,2,22,Crushed leaves rubbed on mothers' breasts to produce more and richer milk.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
3806,297,107,79,27,2,22,Infusion of plant used by mothers to produce more and richer milk.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27"
3892,300,32,1,30,2,22,Cold infusion used for 'flux.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30"
3950,304,158,106,22,2,22,Plant used to deliver placenta.,"Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 22"
4021,318,58,47,29,2,22,Decoction of fruiting stalk used to stimulate lactation.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4091,319,32,1,57,2,22,Infusion taken for menstrual problems.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
4118,319,100,7,393,2,22,Compound decoction of roots taken for miscarriage.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 393"
4119,319,100,7,392,2,22,Decoction of bark taken for prolapsus of the uterus or fallen womb.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 392"
4142,319,139,21,203,2,22,"Sprayed from the mouth upon women's heads, when they are giving birth.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203"
4151,319,141,35,"54, 55",2,22,Root used for female pains.,"Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54, 55"
4254,327,32,1,27,2,22,Used for 'weakly females.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27"
4293,328,139,21,211,2,22,Compound containing root used by women in labor.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 211"
4323,329,100,7,474,2,22,Compound decoction of plants taken to induce pregnancy.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 474"
4562,347,58,47,29,2,22,Decoction of stems & blueberry stem taken to prevent miscarriage without causing damage to the baby.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"
4563,347,58,47,29,2,22,Decoction of stems and blueberry stems taken to speed a woman's recovery after childbirth.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29"