id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
385,15,188,27,69,3,17,Curved rods used for fleshing and dehairing animal skins.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
386,15,188,27,20,3,17,Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20"
387,15,188,27,69,3,17,Stems peeled of bark and thorns and used to beat sheep hides to make them more pliable.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
429,22,241,25,40,3,17,Saplings used to make salmon tongs.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40"
436,22,259,10,145,3,17,Wood used in making implement handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145"
438,23,21,53,200,3,17,"Straight sticks tied around a tree base, ignited and burned until the tree fell.","Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
453,23,175,32,59,3,17,Wood used to make spear handles.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
471,24,87,14,209,3,17,Wood used to make axe handles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209"
558,27,157,74,62,3,17,Wood used to make tubes for bellows.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 62"
1593,71,200,80,11,3,17,Stem inserted in a pierced ear lobe to keep the wound from closing.,"Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11"
1614,73,137,89,366,3,17,Wood used as twirling sticks for making fire by friction.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366"
1622,73,202,40,27,3,17,Wood used to make a drill stick and block for making fires.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 27"
1659,79,140,109,325,3,17,Wood used to make the fire drill.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 325"
1770,91,24,31,31,3,17,Thorns used as awls in basket making.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1771,91,24,31,31,3,17,Thorns used as tool for tattooing.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31"
1796,93,14,87,169,3,17,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1829,94,14,87,169,3,17,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1830,94,14,87,169,3,17,Stalk fashioned into hoe handles.,"Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache:  Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169"
1862,96,157,195,94,3,17,Sharp pointed leaf tips used to make basketry awls.,"Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94"
2515,172,105,70,16,3,17,Water soaked stems used for lashing in the sweat house.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16"
2563,172,181,14,86,3,17,Wood used to make tool handles and canoe bailers.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86"
3014,204,175,32,120,3,17,Wood used to make digging sticks and seed beaters.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120"
3018,204,176,55,39,3,17,Wood used to make root diggers and other tools.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
3056,204,259,55,39,3,17,Wood used to make root diggers and other tools.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39"
3057,204,259,33,496,3,17,"Wood used to make root diggers, handles and other tools.","Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
3141,214,47,144,91,3,17,Wood used to make root diggers.,"Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91"
3160,216,89,2,222,3,17,Wood used to make the spindle of the fire drill.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222"
3504,262,21,53,200,3,17,Hollow stems used to make breathing tubes for hiding under water when in danger.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
4199,322,105,70,17,3,17,Leaves used to test the temperature of pitch used in canoe construction. The pitch was ready to use when the leaf turned black.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17"
4206,322,137,89,374,3,17,Wood used to make saw handles and other tools.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374"
4348,334,202,40,69,3,17,Wood used for making tools and awl handles.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 69"
4362,335,24,31,40,3,17,Stems used to make small tools.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4363,335,24,31,40,3,17,Wood used to make awl handles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4367,335,202,40,68,3,17,Wood used for making tools and awl handles.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 68"
4380,336,24,31,40,3,17,Stems used to make small tools.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4381,336,24,31,40,3,17,Wood used to make awl handles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4470,343,24,31,40,3,17,Stems used to make small tools.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4471,343,24,31,40,3,17,Wood used to make awl handles.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40"
4907,375,281,109,264,3,17,Nuts used by children in play for blowing.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
5059,394,50,16,254,3,17,Burned branches used to smoke bees from nests.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254"
5246,397,23,26,109,3,17,Plant made into balls and used as molds to make rattles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109"
5369,399,33,30,44,3,17,Sprigs used in sweat lodges to sprinkle water on the rocks.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 44"
5603,406,255,36,17,3,17,Used as a steambath switch.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17"
5646,407,106,60,13,3,17,Bitter wood used as a head scratcher by menstruating women. Any other kind of wood would cause the hair to fall out and the face to wrinkle.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"
5647,407,106,60,13,3,17,"Tarlike lac gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles.","Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"
5648,407,106,60,13,3,17,Used as preferred material for foreshaft of composite drill for the fire making.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13"
5657,407,115,66,105,3,17,Dead stems used as twirling sticks.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105"
5662,407,151,73,7,3,17,Dead twigs used for a twirling stick in fire making.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
5671,407,157,74,81,3,17,Wood used in the end of the fire drill.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 81"
5734,407,183,98,119,3,17,"Wood used for drills, hearths and tinder in the creation of fire by friction.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119"
5931,417,228,88,495,3,17,Plant used to make blowing tubes used for working melted silver.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 495"
6226,442,151,73,7,3,17,'Milk' from the broken stems used in cases of emergency for branding stock temporarily.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7"
6367,448,95,72,18,3,17,Used as a planting stick.,"Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18"
6519,484,175,32,28,3,17,Plant used to wipe the juice from the lodgepole pine bark before the cambium was scraped off.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28"
6520,484,175,32,105,3,17,Used to wipe off the turpentine like juice from the inside of stripped pine bark.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105"
6779,531,128,24,209,3,17,"Wood used for drilling fires. A small hole was made in a flat, extremely dry stick.  The drill, a short piece of wood, was inserted into the hole and twirled to form the dust which would ignite if conditions were dry and favorable.  No tinder was used.","Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 209"
6783,532,89,2,246,3,17,Wood used to make planting sticks.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 246"
6903,549,175,32,80,3,17,Leaves wrapped around young boy's feet to practice walking silently and carefully in the woods.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 80"
7298,580,255,36,5,3,17,Wood used to make the bow of the fire drill.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
7299,580,255,36,5,3,17,Wood used to make wedges and tool handles.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
7300,580,255,36,5,3,17,Wood used to make wedges.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
8083,746,92,41,50,3,17,Sharp edged leaves used by men for shaving.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
8180,757,188,27,51,3,17,Four needles tied in a row and used as piercing instruments for tattooing.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51"
8181,757,188,27,15,3,17,Giant ribs split in two and used as wooden tongs for gathering cholla joints and buds.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15"
8182,757,188,27,70,3,17,Perforations bored in sticks and used to smooth rough cords.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70"
8183,757,188,27,62,3,17,Ribs used as the larger of the two pieces of twisters used to make rope.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 62"
8184,757,188,27,69,3,17,Ribs used for the handles of skin scrapers.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69"
8185,757,188,27,53,3,17,Ribs used to make several kinds of light tools.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53"
8190,757,189,151,14,3,17,Trunks used to make cactus fruit picking poles.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 14"
8224,757,229,29,136,3,17,"Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit.","Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136"
8279,762,32,1,38,3,17,Wood used to make tool handles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8325,766,32,1,38,3,17,Wood used to make tool handles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8394,768,32,1,38,3,17,Wood used to make tool handles.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38"
8634,808,140,109,328,3,17,"Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
8635,808,145,109,223,3,17,Wood made into the slender needle used in piercing the ear lobe of young girls.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
8636,808,183,65,244,3,17,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244"
8637,808,269,137,17,3,17,Sharpened twigs used to pierce roasted pinons.,"Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 17"
8662,813,140,109,328,3,17,"Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles.","Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328"
8669,815,200,109,288,3,17,Wood used to make the fire drill.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 288"
8773,823,228,88,489,3,17,Plant used to make squirting tubes.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 489"
8787,822,157,74,41,3,17,Wood used to make tubes for bellows.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41"
8794,822,257,61,39,3,17,Wood used to make handles for axes and hoes.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39"
8871,838,89,2,226,3,17,Wood used to make tool handles.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 226"
8903,841,115,66,98,3,17,Used as a root digger or Camas stick.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98"
8904,841,115,66,98,3,17,Wood used to make root diggers or camas sticks.,"Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98"
8906,841,151,73,9,3,17,"Hard, enduring wood used for making 'camas sticks.'","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9"
8948,842,107,79,35,3,17,Dried sticks used as spindles for fire by friction.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
8949,842,107,79,35,3,17,Wood made into small tools.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35"
8954,842,157,74,53,3,17,Wood used to make the handle of the weaving distaff.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53"
8963,842,159,18,30,3,17,Wood used to make tool handles and weaving combs.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30"
8965,842,257,61,45,3,17,Wood used to make rabbit sticks.,"Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45"
8969,843,25,111,62,3,17,Wood used for digging sticks.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 62"
8972,843,95,82,298,3,17,Wood used to make implements.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 298"
8973,843,105,71,384,3,17,Hard wood used to make digging sticks.,"Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384"
8979,843,137,89,354,3,17,Wood formerly used to make tools for digging Indian potatoes and worms out of the ground.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354"
8982,843,145,109,223,3,17,Wood used for digging sticks.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223"
8983,843,281,109,264,3,17,Wood used to make digging sticks.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264"
9064,857,228,88,496,3,17,Plant used as a bed for ripening persimmons.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 496"
9102,860,112,14,313,3,17,Wood used to make adze handles.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313"
9133,860,181,14,61,3,17,Wood used to make implements.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61"
9317,882,255,36,16,3,17,Stem used to draw the pus out of a boil or cut.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16"