id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
44691,4260,215,23,77,1,86,"Fleshy roots and leaf bases used to flavor seal, porpoise and deer meat.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
44690,4260,181,14,82,1,,Leaves picked with attached herring spawn and eaten.,"Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 82"
44689,4260,166,101,89,3,28,Leaves formerly used to trap herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"
44688,4260,166,101,89,1,,"Fleshy, whitish rhizomes formerly eaten raw.","Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 89"
44687,4260,122,53,200,1,,Plants eaten raw with eulachon grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
44686,4260,122,63,274,1,47,Stems and roots dipped in oil and eaten during feasts.,"Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 274"
44685,4260,92,41,59,3,28,Leaves used to collect herring spawn.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
44684,4260,92,41,59,1,,Greenish 'root' (actually rhizomes) eaten raw.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
44683,4260,92,41,59,1,,"Brownish 'roots' (actually rhizomes) cleaned, washed and eaten raw.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
44682,4260,92,41,59,1,5,"Brownish 'roots' (actually rhizomes) eaten by Black Brants, Canada geese, Mallard ducks and cattle.","Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59"
44681,4260,52,23,77,1,86,"Fleshy roots and leaf bases used to flavor seal, porpoise and deer meat.","Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77"
44680,4260,22,53,200,1,,Plants eaten raw with eulachon grease.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200"
44679,4259,24,31,56,1,75,Leached nutlet of the drupe ground into a flour.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56"
44678,4259,24,31,56,1,44,Drupes dried and ground into flour for mush.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56"
44677,4259,24,31,56,1,52,Drupes eaten fresh.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56"
44676,4258,195,136,7,1,52,Fruits eaten raw and boiled.,"Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7"
44675,4258,193,11,50,1,7,Berries boiled and used to make a syrup.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44674,4258,193,11,50,1,52,"Ripe, black berries eaten raw.","Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44673,4258,193,11,50,1,50,Seeds squeezed out from boiled berries and fed to chickens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44672,4258,193,11,50,2,25,Decoction of roots used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44671,4258,193,11,50,2,8,Infusion of roots used as a shampoo.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44670,4258,193,11,50,2,35,Thorns used to prick the skin over rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44669,4258,193,11,50,2,6,Thorns used to prick the skin over rheumatic pains.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44668,4258,148,125,204,1,52,Fruits mashed into a concoction and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204"
44667,4258,147,125,204,1,4,"Berries dried and stored, to be soaked in hot water and used later.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204"
44666,4258,136,125,204,1,52,Fruits mashed into a concoction and eaten.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204"
44665,4258,136,125,204,1,4,"Berries dried and stored, to be soaked in hot water and used later.","Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204"
44664,4258,89,164,102,3,17,Branch used to make a planting stick.,"Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 102"
44663,4258,10,11,50,3,106,Root used for washing the hair.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44662,4257,284,48,258,1,27,Mashed berries added to water and use as a drink.,"Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258"
44661,4257,193,104,76,1,52,Black berries beaten with sticks and eaten raw.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76"
44660,4257,193,104,79,2,25,Decoction of pounded root used as a wash for sore eyes.,"Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 79"
44659,4257,188,27,19,1,7,Fruits boiled to a syrup and used for food.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19"
44658,4257,188,27,26,1,27,Fruits formerly fermented and used for a beverage.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26"
44657,4256,139,21,250,2,45,Root used for fevers and compound containing flower stalks used for headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 250"
44656,4256,139,21,250,2,6,Compound containing flower stalks used as snuff for sick headache.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 250"
44655,4255,206,43,101,1,75,Rice valuable for cooking with wild fowl or game and maple sugar used to season the mixture.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101"
44654,4255,206,43,101,1,88,Wild rice sweetened with maple sugar and used to make pudding.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101"
44653,4255,206,43,101,1,4,Rice gathered and dried for a winter supply of food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101"
44652,4255,173,20,403,1,75,"Formed an important staple in the diet, cooked with deer broth and maple sugar and eaten.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 403"
44651,4255,38,4,318,1,,Cooked alone or with meat and used as the principle cereal food.,"Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 318"
44650,4254,280,17,67,1,75,Rice considered an important dietary element.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44649,4254,259,10,144,3,132,Rice used for trading.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
44648,4254,259,10,144,1,,Rice cooked with meat.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144"
44647,4254,205,17,67,1,75,Rice considered an important dietary element.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44646,4254,177,17,67,1,75,Rice considered an important dietary element.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44645,4254,177,154,328,1,75,Grains used as a staple food.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 328"
44644,4254,173,8,246,3,132,"Seeds scorched, winnowed and sold as breakfast food.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44643,4254,173,8,246,1,47,"Seeds boiled with rabbit excrements, eaten and esteemed as a luxury.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44642,4254,173,8,246,1,230,Seeds steamed into puffed rice and eaten for breakfast with sugar and cream.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44641,4254,173,8,246,1,2,"Seeds used to make gem cakes, duck stuffing and fowl stuffing.","Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246"
44640,4254,139,21,259,1,,Rice used for food.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 259"
44639,4254,138,51,67,1,75,"Rice cooked with deer broth, pork or butter and seasoned with maple sugar.","Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 67"
44638,4254,61,17,67,1,75,Rice considered an important dietary element.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 67"
44637,4254,61,91,360,1,75,Grain used as an important and prized food item.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 360"
44636,4253,291,6,45,2,45,Smoke from powdered plant inhaled in sweatbath for fever.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
44635,4253,291,6,45,2,25,Cold infusion of blossoms used as an eyewash.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
44634,4253,291,6,45,2,77,Plant used in a sweatbath for fever.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
44633,4253,291,6,45,2,8,Poultice of powdered plant applied to bruises.,"Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 45"
44632,4253,159,18,54,2,14,Decoction of plant taken for stomachache or heartburn.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44631,4253,159,18,54,2,40,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44630,4253,159,18,54,2,12,Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44629,4253,159,18,54,2,29,Decoction of plant taken as a cathartic.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44628,4253,159,18,54,2,6,"Decoction of plant taken for stomachache, heartburn and as a cathartic.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
44627,4253,157,74,97,2,123,Plant used for throat troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
44626,4253,157,74,97,2,118,Plant used for nose troubles.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97"
44625,4253,107,79,38,3,26,Flowers ground into a paste and used as a dark red body paint.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
44624,4253,107,79,38,5,72,"Flowers, ground with white clay or mixed with warm water, used as yellow dye for wool.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
44623,4253,107,79,38,5,72,Flowers rubbed into buckskin as a yellow dye.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
44622,4253,107,79,38,2,18,Infusion of plant used as a bath for excessive sweating.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
44621,4253,107,79,38,2,3,Hot infusion of plant drunk for kidney trouble.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38"
44620,4252,107,79,39,2,60,Plant given to children to quickly learn to talk.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
44619,4252,107,79,39,2,35,Crushed plant paste mixed with salt and used on swellings or aches.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39"
44618,4251,90,68,19,2,71,Roots cooked and used in the tooth hollow for toothaches.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44617,4251,90,68,19,2,39,Roots with other plant parts mixed with water and used as a bath for slight sprains.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44616,4251,90,68,19,2,8,Roots with other plant parts mixed with water and used as a bath for bruises.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44615,4251,90,68,19,2,8,Roots and other roots pounded with salt and used for itch and kindred afflictions of the skin.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44614,4251,90,68,19,2,8,"Roots & other roots pounded with salt, mixed with urine & used for ringworm & white skin blotches.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44613,4251,90,68,19,2,8,"Leaf ashes, other ashes and nut juice used for cuts and skin sores.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44612,4251,90,68,19,2,8,Juice used for hair dressing.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44611,4251,90,68,19,2,8,"Flowers and roots and other plants pounded, mixed with water and rubbed on the body during massages.","Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44610,4251,90,68,19,2,6,Roots or bulbs pounded with salt and the resulting juice used as a head wash for headaches.,"Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 19"
44609,4250,287,69,94,2,13,Bulbs considered poisonous.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 94"
44608,4250,259,10,133,2,39,Mashed bulbs rubbed on broken bones to help them heal more quickly.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 133"
44607,4250,259,55,37,2,35,Bulbs mashed and used for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
44606,4250,251,25,23,2,40,Plant sometimes used as a violent emetic.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 23"
44605,4250,233,92,55,2,13,Plant considered poisonous.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
44604,4250,233,92,55,2,39,Poultice of plant applied to sore legs.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
44603,4250,202,40,30,2,13,Plant considered poisonous.,"Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 30"
44602,4250,185,50,128,2,35,"Poultice of roasted, mashed bulbs applied to swollen parts or used for rheumatism.","Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128"
44601,4250,183,12,149150,2,114,Poultice of bulb used for rattlesnake bites.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44600,4250,183,98,54,2,13,Seeds and roots considered a deadly poison if eaten by humans or horses.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 54"
44599,4250,183,12,149150,2,8,Poultice of bulb used for swellings.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44598,4250,183,12,149150,2,82,Poultice of bulb used for burns.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44597,4250,183,12,149150,2,35,Poultice of bulb used for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44596,4250,183,12,149150,2,6,Poultice of bulb used for rheumatic pains.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 149150"
44595,4250,176,55,37,2,35,Bulbs mashed and used for rheumatism.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37"
44594,4250,175,32,50,3,28,Mashed bulbs used as an arrow poison.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
44593,4250,175,32,50,2,13,Bulbs considered extremely poisonous.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50"
44592,4250,151,73,27,2,8,"Poultice of cooked, mashed bulbs applied to boils.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"
44591,4250,151,73,27,2,35,Poultice of mashed bulbs applied for rheumatism.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 27"